膜部瘤型室间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的评价应用自行研制的细腰型室间隔缺损封堵器闭合膜部瘤型室间隔缺损的可行性、安全性和疗效。方法先心病膜部瘤型室间隔缺损患者41例,年龄2~60岁,平均(18±11)岁。术前超声测量室间隔缺损直径3~12mm,平均(5.39±2.11)mm。应用7~10F输送鞘管从右心系统送入细腰型封堵器。封堵后15min重复左心室造影和经胸心脏超声波检查,观察封堵的即刻效果。术后连续心电监护7d。出院前、术后1、6个月和1年定期复查心电图和心脏超声。结果41例患者均封堵成功。左心室造影测量室间隔缺损直径2.0~10.8mm,平均(5.04±1.71)mm。所用封堵器腰部直径为4~12mm,平均(7.27±2.30)mm。37例患者术后15min重复左心室造影和经胸心脏超声检查显示无残余分流,4例示微量残余分流,1个月后复查经胸心脏超声,3例残余分流消失,1例仍存在微量残余分流。封堵器放置后出现完全性右束支传导阻滞1例,左前分支阻滞1例,随访期间未恢复,并发一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例。术后心电监护示交界性心动过速1例,1周后恢复。合并房间隔缺损1例,同期成功封堵。X线透视时间8~50min,平均(13.60±5.14)min,操作时间30~150min,平均(66.14±20.70)min。随访1~17个月,无感染性心内膜炎、血栓栓塞和溶血等并发症。结论应用细腰型室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜部瘤型室间隔缺损疗效可靠,操作简便,使用安全,弥补了以往封堵器在封堵膜部瘤型室间隔缺损方面的不足,该封堵器的长期疗效需进一步随访观察。     

国产Amplatzer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损

目的　观察国产Ampatzer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损(VSD)的临床疗效及安全性。方法　2 0 0 3年1月至2 0 0 5年4月采用国产封堵器对16例VSD施行封堵术。患者年龄3.5～4 1(13.98±11.0 5 )岁,体重12 .5～5 9(32 .1±17.5 9)kg。超声心动图显示室间隔回声中断3.7～9mm(5 .34±1.75mm)。所有病人在透视及超声监测下完成VSD封堵治疗。结果　术中造影示漏斗部嵴内型2例,膜部14例。13例患者封堵器置入成功。2例分别采用6 8mm、4 6mm动脉导管未闭Amplatzer伞封堵,另外8例应用对称型室间隔封堵器,型号为4～10 (7±2 .39)mm。左心室造影测量室缺直径为3.2～11(4.9±1.8)mm,缺损上缘距主动脉根部距离0 .8～9(3.1±2 .2 )mm ,10例合并有膜部室间隔膨出瘤.11即刻无分流,1例术后即刻有流速达4 .5cm s的2mm的残余分流。3例失败,原因分别为嵴内型缺损、多孔型缺损、操作粗暴损伤右房室瓣。术后发生一过性束支传导阻滞3例,永久性左束支传导阻滞、右束支传导阻滞各2例,一过性机械性溶血1例。余无其他并发症发生。结论　国产Amplazer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损安全有效,近期效果良好,中远期疗效有待于进一步观察     

伴有膜部瘤室间隔缺损的封堵治疗

目的　分析和评价伴有膜部瘤室间隔缺损(VSD)的Amplatzer伞的封堵治疗。方法　2 0 0 3年1月至2 0 0 5年4月我科共对16例VSD患者实施了Amplatzer伞封堵治疗,其中伴有膜部瘤VSD 10例。通过左室造影明确VSD大小,膜部瘤形态及与主动脉右冠瓣距离后,在透视及超声监测下建立股动静脉轨道,经右心系统释放封堵器。结果　左心室造影测量室缺直径为4～11(4.9±1.3)mm ,缺损上缘距主动脉根部距离0 .8 9(3.4±1.6 )mm ,膜部瘤缺损呈管状2例,囊袋状5例,漏斗状3例。膜部瘤出口2个以上4例,单出口6例。9例患者封堵器置入成功,7例采用对称型国产室间隔封堵器。2例采用国产动脉导管未闭封堵器,封堵器均未影响右室流出道。其中1例嵴内型缺损,缺损上缘离主动脉右冠瓣小于1mm ,封堵器堵闭膜部瘤的出口,封堵器左室面未影响右冠瓣而封堵成功。1例因基底部宽15mm ,顶端多出口而堵闭失败,转胸外科修补治疗。左室造影即刻9例无残余分流;1例封堵器周边有流速4 .5cm s的微量分流,术后发生机械性溶血,未经治疗术后2d症状消失,复查超声,残余分流减少,流速减少为2cm s。术后发生传导阻滞者4例,其中一过性束支传导阻滞1例,永久性左束支传导阻滞1例、右束支传导阻滞各2例。余无其他并发症。结论　伴有膜部瘤的VSD在VSD中占有比例较高,是Am     

国产封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损284例的疗效评价

目的　评价应用国产双盘型室间隔缺损封堵器闭合膜周部室间隔缺损的可行性和疗效。方法　分析 2 0 0 1年 12月至 2 0 0 4年 7月间应用上海形状记忆合金材料有限公司生产的双盘状封堵器治疗的 2 86例先心病膜周部室间隔缺损患者的临床资料。男 130例 ,女 15 6例 ,年龄 2～ 6 5岁 ,平均 (16 .7±8.9)岁。术前超声测量室间隔缺损直径 3～ 18mm ,平均 (5 .0 7± 1.89)mm。应用 7F～ 12F输送鞘管从右心系统送入双盘形封堵器。封堵后 15min重复左心室造影和经胸心脏超声波检查 ,观察封堵的即刻效果。术后每天口服阿司匹林 3～ 5mg kg,连续心电监护 5d。出院前、术后 1、6个月和 1年定期复查心电图和心脏超声。结果　 2 86例中 ,2 77例患者封堵成功 ,成功率 96 .8%。左心室造影测量室间隔缺损直径 3～ 17mm ,平均 (4 .96± 1.81)mm。造影测量缺损上缘距主动脉瓣 0～ 12mm ,平均 (4 .4 8± 2 .13)mm。植入封堵器直径为 4～ 2 4mm ,平均 (7.0 8± 2 .5 5 )mm。未成功的 9例中 ,3例因导管未能通过室间隔缺损处 ,4例因封堵器放置后影响主动脉瓣关闭 ,1例因术中出现低血压而放弃封堵治疗。另 1例囊袋型室缺 ,放置封堵器后即刻出现少量右房室瓣返流 ,右心室与肺动脉间存在 2 0mmHg的收缩期压力阶差 ,术后第 2天复查显     

应用国产零边封堵器治疗嵴内型室间隔缺损疗效观察

目的探讨应用国产零边偏心型封堵器治疗16例嵴内型室间隔缺损(IVSD)疗效及安全性。方法16例患者均经超声诊断为IVSD,经胸超声(TTE)大血管短轴观室间隔回声失落,且其分流束位于时钟11点半～1点钟之间,测得VSD距主动脉右冠瓣0～2(平均1.4±1.1)mm,VSD直径为3.5～12mm(平均6.4±4.6)mm,术中左心室造影测得VSD为4～14(平均6.5±4.8)mm,均应用国产零边偏心型封堵器(腰部直径6～14mm)。结果16例IVSD患者15例即刻封堵成功,成功率93.8%,2例术后即刻左室造影及超声检查少量残余分流,术后1周超声检查无残余分流,无主动脉瓣及房室瓣的反流。1例缺损过大,应用14mm封堵器不成功而放弃封堵治疗。术后1周心电监测无房室传导阻滞,术后1周至6个月复查经胸超声心动图,封堵器位置良好,无残余分流及主动脉瓣下反流,ECG无传导阻滞等特殊异常表现。结论应用国产零边偏心型封堵器介入治疗IVSD安全、疗效好,其远期疗效尚需长期临床观察。     

双盘封堵器治疗室间隔缺损及随访

目的探讨双盘封堵器在治疗室间隔缺损(VSD)的应用效果以及中长期随访结果。方法2004年1月至2007年5月入住我院的VSD患者78例,于X线下行经皮VSD封堵术,术后1周内、3个月、1和2年的随访观察经胸超声心动图(TTE),心电图(ECG),24h动态心电图(Holter)等检查。结果73例双盘封堵器植入成功,技术成功率93.6%(73/78),封堵器直径为5～16mm,平均(10.3±3.2)mm;73例患者均完成全程随访,随访率100%。术后1周TTE随访,8例有残余分流,3个月时5例有残余分流,1、2年时随访残余分流消失。术后心律失常的随访,1周内偶发的房性早搏或室性早搏28例(38.4%),2例(2.72%)于封堵术后3d发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,应用泼尼松及营养心肌药物治疗4～10d后消失。术后1、2年随访束支传导阻滞8例(10.1%)。结论双盘封堵器治疗VSD安全、有效,但术后需严密随访。     

经静脉穿刺制备犬室间隔缺损模型的实验研究

目的　经静脉穿刺制备室间隔缺损 (VSD)模型。方法　健康杂种犬 10只 ,体重 15～2 0kg。氯胺酮 (5mg/kg)肌注、戊巴比妥钠 (2 5mg/kg)静脉麻醉。切开右股动脉和右颈内静脉 ,在X线透视下应用房间隔穿刺针穿刺室间隔 ,经穿刺针送入鞘管 ,交换头端弯曲 1.5圈的左房钢丝至左心室 ,沿钢丝送入直径 6～ 8mm长 4 0mm聚乙烯球囊扩张室间隔穿刺孔。送入猪尾造影导管至左心室 ,行左心室造影。结果　 10只犬中 ,8只犬均穿刺成功 ,并建立VSD模型。 8只犬中 ,除 1例穿刺点在室间隔膜部 ,其余穿刺部位均接近于膜周部 ,穿刺点距主动脉瓣和房室瓣环 4～ 16mm不等。左心室造影显示经室间隔的左向右分流。并发完全性右束支传导阻滞 1例。Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞伴室间隔膜部及房室瓣环处撕裂 1例。结论　经导管穿刺室间隔制备VSD模型的方法可行 ,简便 ,经济     

自制非对称型室间隔缺损封堵器的初步临床应用

目的　评价自制非对称型室间隔缺损 (VSD)封堵器经导管闭合VSD的可行性及疗效。方法　 16例患者经临床体检、心脏超声检查诊断为先天性心脏病 ,膜周部VSD。术前超声测量缺损直径 3～ 8(4 .31± 1.35 )mm。在X线透视和经胸超声引导下通过F6～ 8长鞘置入封堵器。结果　左心室造影测量VSD直径为 3～ 8(4 .6 3± 1.5 9)mm。VSD上缘距主动脉瓣 1～ 6 (3.31± 1.19)mm。植入封堵器腰部直径为 4～ 16 (6 .19± 1.91)mm。 14例封堵器到位后 15min左心室造影示无分流 ,2例少量分流。术后 1周经胸超声检查无分流 ,术中及术后无并发症。结论　应用自制非对称型VSD封堵器治疗膜周部VSD安全、有效。远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。     

国产封堵器闭合膜部室间隔缺损的临床应用

目的评价国产封堵器经导管闭合室间隔缺损(VSD)的可行性及疗效。方法16例患者经临床体检、心超诊断为先天性心脏病,膜周部VSD。术前超声测量缺损直径5～12 mm。在X线透视和经胸超声引导下通过F 6～8长鞘置入封堵器。结果左心室造影测量VSD直径为2～12 mm。植入封堵器直径为4～14 mm。封堵器到位后15 min左心室造影14例无分流,2例少量分流。术后1周经胸超声检查无分流,术中及术后无并发症。结论应用国产封堵器闭合膜周部VSD安全、有效。远期疗效尚需进一步随访。     

应用国产封堵器闭合室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏

目的 评价应用国产封堵器治疗室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏的可行性和疗效.方法 11例患者,经胸超声心动图测量室间隔缺损术后残余漏直径为3～9 mm,平均(5.82±2.09)mm.经股静脉通过6～9 F鞘管送入封堵器,在X线透视和超声引导下完成操作.结果 左心室造影8例为膜部瘤型,3例为漏斗型.造影显示单出口6例,多出口5例,缺损口直径3～9 mm,平均(6.09±1.58)mm.应用封堵器直径(8～12)mm.10例患者应用1个封堵器完全封堵.1例残余漏有4个漏口,应用2个封堵器后仍有少量残余分流.升主动脉造影均无主动脉瓣返流.1例术后第3天发生完全性房室传导阻滞,应用氢化可的松治疗2周后完全恢复.术中X线透视时间8～30 min,平均(16.91±4.23)min.术后随访1个月～4年,1例残余分流仍存在.全部患者无血栓栓塞、溶血、感染性心内膜炎,无封堵器移位,无主动脉瓣反流等并发症.结论 经导管封堵治疗室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏疗效可靠,操作安全.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.