结直肠癌肺转移患者手术切除肺转移灶的疗效及预后分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌肺转移患者手术切除肺转移灶的疗效及影响术后生存的因素。方法回顾性分析35例结直肠癌肺转移行肺转移灶切除患者的临床资料。结果全组患者中位随访时间48．0个月。中位生存时间为36．0个月,5年生存率为33．0％。19例患者死于肿瘤进展：16例生存患者中,10例带瘤生存．6例无瘤生存。其中1例至今已无瘤生存164个月。单因素分析结果显示,无瘤间期（DFI）时间的长短对肺转移瘤切除术后的生存有影响（P=0．036）：而患者的性别、年龄、原发肿瘤部位、肺转移瘤大小和位置、手术方式、肺转移瘤手术前CEA水平及复发后再次行肺转移瘤切除均未见与其术后生存时间有关。结论对于部分选择性结直肠癌肺转移患者．手术是有潜在治愈可能的治疗方式。DFI可能与肺转移瘤切除术后生存相关。     

食管癌术后肺转移瘤的外科治疗效果及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨食管癌术后肺转移瘤的外科治疗效果及其预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析1994年3月至2008年5月徐州市第一人民医院和河北大学附属医院收治的食管癌术后肺转移瘤患者15例的临床资料,男10例、女5例,年龄43~72（65.0±8.8）岁。手术方式为肺部分切除术、肺楔形切除术、肺段切除术及肺叶切除术。随访时间60个月,分析转移瘤数目及大小、原发瘤TNM分期及无瘤生存时间（DFI）对肺转移瘤患者术后生存率的影响。结果肺转移瘤患者术后12、24、60个月的生存率分别为80.0%、66.7%和6.7%,患者术后中位DFI为30个月,DFI≥24个月肺转移瘤患者的术后生存率明显高于DFI〈24个月者（χ2=5.144,P=0.023）。肺单发转移患者的术后生存率明显高于肺多发转移患者（χ2=3.990,P=0.046）。而肺转移瘤大小和原发瘤TNM分期对肺转移瘤患者术后生存率无明显影响（P〉0.05）。Cox比例风险模型分析DFI是影响肺转移瘤患者术后生存率的主要因素（P=0.026）。结论外科手术是治疗食管癌术后肺转移的手段之一,尤其在肺单发转移瘤和食管癌术后DFI〉24个月的患者手术切除效果可能更佳。     

早中期结直肠癌患者外周血鸟苷酸环化酶mRNA和细胞角蛋白20mRNA检测及预后分析

目的探讨外周血鸟苷酸环化酶（GC．C）mRNA和细胞角蛋白20（CK20）mRNA水平与早中期结直肠癌患者肿瘤转移及预后的关系。方法应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术,检测74例早中期结直肠癌患者术前外周血GC．CmRNA以及CK20mRNA的表达．并结合临床和病理各项指标以及术后随访资料,对患者肿瘤转移危险因素和预后进行统计学分析和评价。结果74例结直肠癌患者外周血GC．CmRNA阳性率为33．8％（25／74）,CK20mRNA阳性率为31．1％（23／74）;1、2、3年无瘤生存率分别为94．6％、82．4％和78．4％。单因素预后分析发现,外周血GC．cmRNA、CK20mRNA、肿瘤分化类型、有无肠系膜根部淋巴结转移、有无脉管瘤栓和术后是否接受化疗6因素与本组患者3年无瘤生存有关（均P〈0．05）;有无肠系膜根部淋巴结转移和有无脉管瘤栓是预后的独立影响因素（P〈0．05）。按肿瘤分期分层分析,外周血CK20mRNA和有无脉管瘤栓是Ⅲ期结直肠癌患者3年无瘤生存率的独立影响因素（P〈O．05）。结论检测外周血CK20mRNA、GC—CmRNA对于早期发现早中期结直肠癌转移可能具有重要的临床意义。     

直肠癌尖淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

为探讨直肠癌尖淋巴结（APN）转移与其预后及与转移淋巴结总数的关系,回顾性研究510例行直肠癌切除术病理诊断淋巴结阳性患者的临床资料,并对APN与患者预后和N分期之间的关系进行单因素及多因素分析。全组患者术后平均随访47个月,术后5年局部复发率18．3％,无瘤生存率55．5％,总生存率58．8％。     

结直肠癌根治术后肺转移的危险因素分析

目的了解结直肠癌根治术后单纯肺转移的危险因素,以提高高危患者随访的针对性和早诊率。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2006年12月间在北京大学肿瘤医院行结直肠癌根治术的268例患者的临床病理及术后随访资料,其中16例（6．0％）患者术后出现单纯性肺转移。采用单因素和多因素分析筛选结直肠癌根治术后肺转移的高危因素。结果16例术后单纯肺转移患者中单侧肺转移10例,双侧肺转移6例;原发灶根治术后至诊断肺转移的中位时间为13．9月;81.3％（13／16）的肺转移患者是经胸部增强CT诊断。单因素分析显示：术前CEA水平、原发肿瘤部位、TNM分期及术后辅助化疗与术后肺转移有关（均P〈0．05）。多因素分析显示,原发肿瘤部位（P=0．003,OR=5．503,95％CI：1．794—16．884）和术前CEA水平（P=0．019,OR=4．319,95％CI：1．269—14．692）是结直肠癌根治术后肺转移的独立危险因素。结论直肠癌和术前CEA水平异常增高是结直肠癌根治术后肺转移的高危因素,对这部分患者术后要加强随访,常规行胸部增强CT检查。     

40例直肠胃肠间质瘤的预后分析

目的探讨直肠胃肠间质瘤（GIST）的预后特点。方法对新疆医科大学附属中医医院和天津市人民医院1979年6月至2010年6月间收治的40例直肠GIST患者的临床和随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果40例直肠GIST中男性23例,女性17例,年龄28～81（中位数54．5）岁。术后随访1～300（中位52．5）个月,复发和转移18例,其中单纯局部复发7例,单纯远处转移6例,局部复发并远处转移5例。术后1、3及5年生存率分别为82．5％、60．0％及42．5％。单因素预后分析显示。患者术后生存率与肿瘤大小（P〈0．01）、肿瘤Fletcher分级（P〈0．01）、核分裂像（P〈0．01）及术后远处转移（P〈0．05）有关;多因素预后分析显示,肿瘤大小（P〈0．05）、核分裂像（P〈0．01）和术后远处转移fP〈0．01）是直肠GIST的独立预后因素。结论直肠GIST治疗仍以手术切除为主,肿瘤原发灶大小、核分裂像和术后远处转移是影响预后的独立因素。     

胃癌卵巢转移瘤68例临床病理及预后分析

目的探讨胃癌卵巢转移瘤的临床病理特征、治疗方法及影响预后的力量对比素。方法回顾性分析68例胃癌卵巢转移患者的临床特征、治疗和生存情况及预后因素。结果本组胃癌卵巢转移瘤患者的中位年龄46岁．67．6％为绝经前期者．双侧卵巢转移者占64．7％．52．9％的肿瘤组织学类型为印戒细胞癌。均采用手术联合化疗为主的综合治疗。全组中位总体生存期14．1个月．中位无进展生存期6．7个月。1、3、5年的生存率分别为54．8％、14．9％和0。单因素分析显示,胃癌根治程度（P=0．000）、淋巴结转移数（P=0．043）、卵巢转移瘤组织学类型（P=0．003）、转移灶范围（P=0．000）、肿瘤细胞减灭术（P=0．008）和卵巢转移瘤的化疗（P=0．000）与患者预后相关。多凶素分析显示,肿瘤细胞减灭术（P=0．025）、转移灶范围（P=0．008）是影响胃癌卵巢转移瘤患者预后的独立因素。转移灶局限于卵巢者与超出卵巢者相比,总体生存期（P〈0．01）和无进展生存期（P〈0．05）显著延长。满意的减灭术（残留肿瘤小于或等于2cm）可以显著延长患者的总体生存期（P〈0．01）和无进展生存期（P〈0．01）。结论胃癌卵巢转移瘤患者的预后较差．转移灶范同是胃癌卵巢转移瘤患者的独立危险因素．满意的减灭术可以改善患者的预后。     

直肠癌根治术肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结的清扫与预后

目的探讨术中进行肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结清扫对直肠癌预后的影响。方法对临床病理资料完整的260例直肠癌根治术患者的资料进行分析，将是否清扫肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结（第3站淋巴结）的患者分为非清扫组（D2组，188例）和清扫组（D3组，72例），随访并比较两组患者的预后情况。结果D2组1、3、5年总生存率分别为97．3％、87．2％和77．1％，无瘤生存率分别为93．1％、83．0％和76．8％；D3组1、3、5年总生存率分别为94．4％、79．2％和73．6％，无瘤生存率分别为86．1％、76．4％和71．0％。Kaplan—Meier分析显示，两组总生存率及无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。多元相关分析显示，肠系膜下动脉根部淋巴结清扫与术后复发、转移及总生存时问均无统计学相关性。结论直肠癌根治术中对患者肠系膜下动脉根部进行常规淋巴结清扫并非必要，对预后无显著影响。     

术前外周血中性粒细胞／淋巴细胞比值在结直肠癌预后评估中的价值

目的探讨术前外周血中性粒细胞／淋巴细胞比值（NLR）对结直肠癌患者预后评估的价值。方法回顾性分析2005年7月至2011年7月问在解放军总医院普通外科接受根治性手术且术后随访资料完整的140例结直肠癌患者的临床资料。根据患者术前外周血NLR分为低NLR组（小于5,105例）和高NLR组（大于或等于5,35例）,比较两组患者的术后5年生存率并进行预后分析。结果低NLR组和高NLR组结直肠癌患者术后5年生存率分别为74-8％和54．7％,差异有统计学意义（P=0．03）。单因素分析显示,术前NLR、肿瘤位置、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期与本组患者术后生存有关（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）;多凶素预后分析证实,NLR是影响本组结直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素（RR=I．068,95％c1：1．009～1．129,P=0．02）。结论术前NLR大于或等于5提示结直肠癌患者预后较差。     

Ⅱ期结直肠癌根治术淋巴结检出数目与患者预后的关系

目的探讨Ⅱ期结直肠癌根治术淋巴结检出数目与患者预后的关系。方法回顾性分析380例Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者的临床资料。结果本组术后5年内出现复发或转移的56例患者与无复发转移者平均淋巴结检出数分别为9．5枚／例和16．3枚／例（P〈0．01）．术后5年内死亡的97例患者与健在者平均淋巴结检出数分别为11．1枚／例和16．7枚／例（P〈0．01）．差异均有统计学意义。淋巴结检出大于或等于12枚／例组和小于12枚／例组的5年生存率分别为83．9％和62．0％（P〈O．01）,复发转移率分别为6．4％和25．7％（P〈0．01）,差异也均有统计学意义。单因素分析显示,Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者的预后与淋巴结检出数目有关（P〈0．05）。结论淋巴结检出数目多少影响Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者的预后．淋巴结检出数目多者复发转移率低．生存率较高。     

Pulmonary resection for metastases from colorectal cancer: factors influencing prognosis. Twenty-year experience.

OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience in the surgical management of 80 patients with colorectal pulmonary metastases and investigated factors affecting survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1980 to December 2000, 80 patients, 43 women and 37 men with median age 63 years (range 38-79 years) underwent 98 open surgical procedure (96 muscle-sparing thoracotomy, one clamshell and one median sternotomy) for pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer (three pneumonectomy, 17 lobectomy, seven lobectomy plus wedge resection, six segmentectomy, three segmentectomy plus wedge resection and 62 wedge resection). Pulmonary metastases were identified at a median interval of 37.5 months (range 0-167) from primary colorectal resection. Second and third resections for recurrent metastases were done in seven and in four patients, respectively. RESULTS: Operative mortality rate was 2%. Overall, 5-year survival was 41.1%. Five-year survival was 43.6% for patients submitted to single metastasectomy and 34% for those submitted to multiple ones. Five-year survival was 55% for patients with disease-free interval (DFI) of 36 months or more, 38% for those with DFI of 0-11 months and 22.6% for those with DFI of 12-35 months (P=0.04). Five-year survival was 58.2% for patients with normal preoperative carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) levels and 0% for those with pathologic ones (P=0.0001). Patients submitted to second-stage operation for recurrent local disease had 5-year survival rate of 50 vs. 41.1% of those submitted to single resection (P=0.326). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary resection for metastases from colorectal cancer may help survival in selected patients. Single metastasis, DFI>36 months, normal preoperative CEA levels are important prognostic factors. When feasible, re-operation is a safe procedure with satisfactory long-term results.     

Surgical strategy for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer in octogenarians.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether lobectomy without radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy (LA) is a satisfactory alternative surgical treatment for octogenarians with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: From April 1985 through December 2001, 49 patients aged 80 years and older who underwent surgical treatment for clinical stage I NSCLC were reviewed. Lobectomy without radical systematic mediastinal LA was performed for 27 patients (LA0 group) and lobectomy with radical systematic mediastinal LA was performed for 22 patients (LA group). RESULTS: The mortality rate was 0% in the LA0 group and 4.5% in the LA group. Five-year survival rate according to the type of surgery was 44.8% in the LA0 group and 55.5% in the LA group, a difference that was not significant (P=0.88). Although there was no significant statistical difference, postoperative pulmonary complication was more frequent in the LA group than in the LA0 group (32% in the LA group versus 11% in the LA0 group P=0.07). Five-year survival rates according to serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were 0% for patients with elevated CEA levels (n=9) and 56.5% for patients with normal CEA levels (n=40) (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Lobectomy without radical systematic mediastinal LA appears to be a satisfactory surgical procedure for octogenarians with clinical stage I NSCLC. However, mediastinoscopy is necessary in such octogenarians if their serum CEA level is elevated so that the precise clinical stage can be determined and an accurate prognosis can be given.     

669例结直肠癌同时陛和异时性肝转移患者不同治疗策略的预后分析

目的评价结直肠癌肝转移不同类型及治疗策略对肝转移患者生存的影响。方法回顾分析复旦大学附属中山医院2000年1月1日至2008年6月31日收治的669例结直肠癌肝转移患者的病例资料。结果本组患者同时性肝转移379例,异时性[发生肝转移中位时间（21．0±19．6）个月]肝转移290例。患者性别、年龄和肠道原发病灶的部位两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）：而肝转移灶特征（累及肝叶类型、病灶个数和病灶直径）和术前CEA、CA19—9水平两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。手术切除肝转移灶253例．其中同时性肝转移123例,异时性肝转移130例。以2008年10月31日为随访终点,随访率100％。同时性肝转移和异时性肝转移的中位生存时间分别为11和23个月（P〈0．01）。5年生存率分别为6．4％和11．4％（P〈0．01）;手术病例与各种非手术治疗（介入、化疗、射频、无水酒精注射和中医中药）病例的中位生存期分别为37个月和5～26个月（P〈0．01）;5年生存率分别为35．6％和0～3．6％（P〈0．05）。结论手术治疗目前仍是结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗措施：异时性肝转移患者生存率好于同时性肝转移。     

Survival, disease-free interval, and associated tumor features in patients with colon/rectal carcinomas and their resected intra-pulmonary metastases

Objective: Colon/rectum cancer often presents with intrapulmonary metastases. Surgical resection can be performed in a selected group of patients. In this study, the search for possible prognostic factors of patients with primary colon/rectum cancer and lung metastases was performed. Methods: Medical records of 110 patients operated on pulmonary metastases of primary colon/rectum cancer were reviewed. The clinical parameters include age, sex, pTNM/UICC stage, grading, localization, surgical and adjuvant therapy of the primary cancer. The number, maximum diameter and total intra-thoracic resected tumor-mass (‘load’), the pre-thoracotomy serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, localization of the metastases (uni- vs. bilateral), the presence of hilar/mediastinal tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes, the surgical procedure and performed therapy schemes of lung metastases were recorded. Results: The cumulated 5- and 10-year total survival after diagnosis of the primary carcinomas was estimated to 71 and 33.7%, respectively. After resection of the pulmonary metastases, the 3- and 5-year post-thoracotomy survival measured 57 and 32.6%, respectively. The median time interval between diagnosis of the primary cancer and thoracotomy (disease free interval (DFI)) was found to be 35 months. A non-negligible percentage of patients (15.4%) displayed limited tumor stages of the primary cancer (pT1/2, pN0). The median diameter of the largest metastasis measured 28 mm, and the median resected intrathoracic tumor-load was calculated to 11.4 cm³. In only 8 patients hilar or mediastinal tumor-involved lymph nodes were found. A potentially curative resection of lung metastases was recorded in 96 patients. The overall survival was significantly correlated with the DFI and the number of intrapulmonary metastases. The DFI correlated significantly with the tumor load and the number of metastases; the post-thoracotomy survival with the number of metastases, tumor-load and pre-thoracotomy serum CEA level. Treatment, stage and grade of the primary cancer, occurrence of liver metastases and local recurrences, mode of treatment of metastases and postoperative residual stage had no significant correlation with either total nor post-thoracotomy survival. Conclusions: Pulmonary metastases occur even in patients with limited tumor-stages of primary colon/rectum cancer. DFI is the major parameter to estimate the total survival of patients with lung metastases. The survival after thoracotomy depends on the number of metastases, the intrapulmonary tumor load and the presence of elevated serum CEA level prior to thoracotomy.     

75例直肠癌患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨直肠癌手术患者预后的影响因素。方法选取我院2006～2010年收治的75例直肠癌术后患者临床资料,最低随访3年,对年龄（≤65岁和〉65岁）、性别、部位（低位、中位和高位）、分化程度（高分化、中分化和低分化）、TNM分期方法（I期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期）、手术方式（根治切除术和姑息手术）、是否化疗和有无并发症等对预后影响进行统计学分析。结果总体平均生存期49．2个月,中位生存期63个月。单因素分析显示直肠癌I～Ⅳ分期（TNM分期方法）、术后有无并发症与生存期相关（P〈0．05）。Cox回归模型多因素分析提示临床分期是生存时间最大的影响因素（P〈0．05）。结论临床分期（TNM分期方法）是影响直肠癌预后的独立因素。     

^125I粒子植入术联合手术去势治疗局部晚期前列腺癌40例报告

目的：探讨^125I粒子植入术联合手术去势治疗局部晚期前列腺癌的临床效果。方法：采用直肠B超引导下经会阴植入^125I粒子并同时行双侧睾丸切除术治疗晚期前列腺癌患者40例,年龄52～87岁,平均73岁;Gleason评分为3～9分,PSA检测为0．24～2736．46ng／ml,临床分期为T3N0M0。结果：所有患者手术过程顺利,平均植入粒子71±15粒。术后随访10～76个月,中位随访时间44．5个月。远期手术并发症（〉1年）尿失禁发生率为2．5％（1／40）,轻度血便发生率为10％（4／40）,尿道直肠瘘发生率为2．5％（1／40）。1例在术后69个月死亡,有5例在术后平均15．8个月出现PSA生化复发,累计PSA无进展患者生存率为86．9％。结论：运用^125I粒子植入术联合手术去势术治疗局部晚期前列腺癌患者长期并发症少,临床效果良好。     

影响老年人肝内胆管细胞癌手术预后的因素分析

目的探讨老年肝内胆管细胞癌手术治疗预后相关因素,提高其诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾性对比分析我院1988年10月至2007年10月手术治疗的老年（≥65岁）肝内胆管细胞癌36例与非老年（〈65岁）肝内胆管细胞癌32例的临床资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法统计术后生存期并进行单因素分析,Cox回归法进行多因素分析。结果老年组行根治性切除者1、3、5年生存率与行姑息性切除者相较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;CEA〉10μg/L者1、3、5年生存率与≤10μg/L者相较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。多因素分析根治性切除术、CEA是术后生存的独立影响因素。结论老年人肝内胆管细胞癌以手术治疗为主,CEA水平和根治性切除术是影响其预后的主要因素。     

Extended resection for lung cancer invading mediastinal organs.

We analyzed 49 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer invading mediastinal organs such as the left atrium (15), superior vena cava (13), trachea (11), aorta (5), thoracic vertebral body (4) and esophagus (1). Lung resection included lobectomy (37), pneumonectomy (8) and limited resection (4). Twenty-seven patients underwent carina- or bronchoplasty. Complete resection was possible in 35 patients. Operative mortality was 12% and overall 5-year survival was 13%. Median survival time was 519 days. Factors significantly affecting survival were the completeness of resection, node status, and histological type. Five-year survival was 18% with complete resection and 0% with incomplete resection (p < 0.0001). Five-year survival for patients with squamous cell carcinoma was 36% and for those with other types of lung cancer, 0% (p < 0.02). Five-year survival for patients classified pathologically as N0 or N1 was 36% and, for those classified as N2 or N3, 0% (p < 0.05). We concluded that aggressive resection for lung cancer invading the mediastinal organs involves a high mortality rate, making selectivity important. Patients undergoing complete resection, classified as N0 or N1, and having squamouse cell carcinoma may benefit most from surgery.