浅议大学生考试作弊原因及对策

为了解我院大学生对考试作弊行为的认识态度,笔者对我系2004、2005和2006级共140名学生以无记名方式进行问卷调查。分析大学生考试作弊的原因,并找出对策。     

离职护生考试焦虑影响因素调查分析

目的 了解护生考试焦虑状况及考试焦虑的影响因素.方法 分层随机抽样,选取宁波天一职业技术学院大一、大二各1个班高职护生为调查对象,采用考试焦虑自评量表、大五人格因素问卷、自制一般资料问卷进行调查.结果 护生考试焦虑总分为9.0～67.0,平均(34.2±12.5)分,轻度焦虑者占64.6%,无重度考试焦虑倾向者;专业选择方式不同的护生考试焦虑评分有显著性差异(P＜0.05);护生对理论知识学习的自我感觉、态度及理论知识的复习程度与考试焦虑评分呈显著负相关;人格因素中适应性与护生考试焦虑得分存在显著负相关.结论 高职护生总体考试焦虑水平较适宜,专业选择、学习态度、复习程度、适应能力等因素对护生考试焦虑影响较大.     

高职护生考试焦虑影响因素调查分析

目的 了解护生考试焦虑状况及考试焦虑的影响因素.方法 分层随机抽样,选取宁波天一职业技术学院大一、大二各1个班高职护生为调查对象,采用考试焦虑自评量表、大五人格因素问卷、自制一般资料问卷进行调查.结果 护生考试焦虑总分为9.0～67.0,平均(34.2±12.5)分,轻度焦虑者占64.6%,无重度考试焦虑倾向者;专业选择方式不同的护生考试焦虑评分有显著性差异(P＜0.05);护生对理论知识学习的自我感觉、态度及理论知识的复习程度与考试焦虑评分呈显著负相关;人格因素中适应性与护生考试焦虑得分存在显著负相关.结论 高职护生总体考试焦虑水平较适宜,专业选择、学习态度、复习程度、适应能力等因素对护生考试焦虑影响较大.     

抓好护生知识的综合考核 促进护理教学质量的提高

采用多维度的考核方法对2003级、2004级、2005级中职、高职护生的学习情况进行综合评价。这种考核方法可以激发护生学习的积极性和主动性,避免其重理论轻技能的学习倾向,可提高护生分析、归纳、应用知识的综合能力,促进护理教学质量的提高。     

专家模拟面试在促进高职护生就业中的应用效果

目的 探讨专家模拟面试在促进高职护生就业中的作用.方法 统计2010级高职护生(专家模拟面试组)和2009级高职护生(非专家模拟面试组)的就业情况,分析专家模拟面试在促进高职护生就业中的作用.结果 2010级高职护生(407人)在省级三甲医院、市级三甲医院、县级医院就业的分别为146人(35.87％)、159人(39.07％)、59人(14.50％);而2009级高职护生(389人)对应的就业人数分别是98人(25.19％)、112人(28.79％)、91人(23.39％).2010级高职护生的省级三甲医院就业率、市级三甲医院就业率、总就业率明显高于2009级,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 专家模拟面试目的明确、针对性强,能有效培养高职护生人文素质,提高应试能力,进而提高就业率,推进学校就业工作.     

外科护理学实践教学方法探讨

目的探讨外科护理学实践教学方法及效果。方法（1）调整课程结构,制订实践教学计划,改进教学手段,增加模拟综合练习和操作考试;（2）突出护生的主体地位,培养护生的自学能力;（3）激发护生的学习动力,引导护生把握学习内容。突破传统教学模式和陈旧的教育思想。结果（1）护生操作技能考核和理论考试成绩明显提高。（2）对2004级（改革前）、2005级（改革后）护生外科护理学理论考试成绩进行对比分析,2005级比2004级明显提高。（3）护生进入临床的适应期明显缩短,护生操作能力、应变能力、观察及解决问题能力明显提高。结论所采用的实践教学方法可提高实践教学效果和质量。     

从试卷分析谈麻醉医学生临床思维能力的培养

通过对中山大学中山医学院2004级、2005级、2006级麻醉班医学生麻醉专业考试的试卷进行分析,判定麻醉医学生的临床思维能力,从而谈谈麻醉医学生临床思维能力的培养。     

医学生诚信考试调查及影响因素分析

目的　了解医学生诚信考试现状,探讨医学生诚信考试的影响因素。方法　选取山西医科大学临床医学、预防医学等专业2013至2015级在校本科生为研究对象,采用分层随机抽样,每个年级发放问卷221份。用EpiData3.1建库,应用SPSS 22.0进行数据分析,采用卡方检验、二分类logistic回归进行统计分析。结果　600名医学生中,16.5%的学生有作弊行为;性别、年级、学习成绩、医学知识内容多、记忆量大、家庭因素、老师监考态度等因素下的医学生作弊率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;家庭施加压力小、老师监考严格、成绩排名靠前是医学生考试作弊的保护因素。结论　通过医学生诚信考试的影响因素分析,制定相应对策,为各医科类院校相关管理人员提供参考依据。     

离职生考试作弊现象调查分析

通过对高职生考试作弊现象的调查,分析其作弊原因、心理、对作弊者的处理意见以及影响作弊的因素等问题,提出加强学生思想道德教育、改进学习方法、改革考试模式、加强考务管理等对策.     

浅析医学生专业课考试作弊现象

医学生是医药事业的接班人,应该掌握扎实的专业知识,然而医学生专业课考试作弊现象时有发生。考试作弊原因包括对不及格的恐惧、对好成绩的渴望、从众心理和不平衡心理、举报者被孤立及社会不良风气的影响;作弊手段多样复杂,作弊行为对学生、学校、社会产生危害;学校应从加强医德教育、帮助学生养成良好的生活作息习惯、提高教学质量、改善学生评估制度、完善考试管理措施等方面着手改善作弊现象。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.