丹参多糖的研究概况

丹参是中医临床常用中药材,具有活血化瘀、通经止痛的功效。丹参多糖是丹参药材中重要药效成分之一,现代研究发现,丹参多糖具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化、免疫调节等药理作用。综述丹参多糖的提取、纯化分离、结构鉴定、含量测定及药理作用等方面的研究概况,以期为丹参的综合开发利用提供参考。参考文献44篇。     

干旱、盐胁迫处理对丹参无菌苗中丹参素含量的影响

丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.为唇形科鼠尾草属植物,所含的丹参素是一种水溶性酚酸类化合物,具有抑制血小板聚集、降血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗炎及增强机体免疫作用,是抗心肌缺血的有效成份[1]。因此,提高丹参药材中丹参素的含量具有重要的经济价值,研究丹参中丹参素的积累与     

丹参及其主要成分保肝作用的研究进展

丹参是临床最常用的中药之一,丹参的药效物质基础主要包括脂溶性的丹参酮类和水溶性的丹酚酸类。丹参具有"祛瘀止痛,活血通经,清心除烦"等传统功效。现代药理学研究表明,丹参及其主要成分具有保护心脑血管的作用。近来研究显示,丹参及其主要成分对四氯化碳、D-氨基半乳糖、醋氨酚、酒精等制备的肝损伤模型也具有明显的保护作用。该文对丹参的保肝作用及其机制进行系统总结与展望。     

不同产地丹参其主要化学成分的分离和测定

丹参是唇形科植物丹参 Salvia miltiorrhizaBge.的干燥根及根茎[1] 。其味苦性微寒 ,归心、肝经。具有祛瘀止痛 ,活血通络 ,清心除烦的功效。其分布广泛。其中以安徽、山西等地产量最大 ,此外尚有甘肃丹参、褐毛丹参、滇丹参等几种植物的根亦作丹参入药 [2 ]。丹参的活性成分为两类 ,一类为脂溶性的二萜醌类 ,具有抗菌、抗炎及扩张血管作用 ,另一类为水溶性的酚酸类化合物 ,具有明显的抗凝 ,溶纤及很强的抗脂质过氧化作用。本文作者用高效液相色谱法对丹参中丹参酮 A 和原儿茶醛进行测定 ,比较了不同产地丹参中丹参酮 A 和原儿茶醛的含…     

丹参与白花丹参叶化学成分与药理临床研究进展

从丹参和白花丹参叶的化学成分、药理研究及临床应用等方面进行了综述。两种丹参叶均含酚酸类、黄酮类和多种微量元素,还含有与根不同的丹参酮类化合物;丹参与白花丹参叶均具有抗氧化作用,对脑梗塞具有保护作用,对脑缺血的保护强于根;临床上用丹参叶治疗扁平疣,其注射液被用于治疗冠心病心绞痛;丹参叶还被开发成保健茶,用于降低胆固醇和高血压病。     

丹参和白花丹参叶的化学成分药理研究及临床应用

目的:探讨丹参和白花丹参叶的化学成分药理研究及临床应用,为新药的研制奠定基础。方法:通过参阅大量相关文献,对丹参和白花丹参叶的化学成分、药理研究及临床应用进行分析总结。结果:丹参和白花丹参叶所具有的抗氧化作用均能较好的预防脑梗塞,与根相比叶对脑缺血的保护作用更强,在对心脑血管疾病的防预治疗中被广泛应用;白花丹参叶中的水提物对糖尿病代谢紊乱症状的改善能够起到长期稳定的效果;另外丹参叶在治疗扁平疣、冠心病心绞痛等方面也具有较好的效果。结论:丹参和白花丹参叶均具有稳定的药理作用,但目前在抗氧化和保护脑梗塞的药理研究中仍以白花丹参叶为主,对于丹参叶的药理研究和临床应用则很少。因此对丹参叶主要化学成分进行深入的药理研究是很有必要的。     

丹参酚酸类成分生物合成途径及调控机制研究进展

丹参酚酸类成分为丹参治疗心脑血管疾病的主要有效成分,具有显著而确切的生物活性和药理作用。随着临床及市场对丹参酚酸类物质需求量的剧增,提高丹参中酚酸类成分的量及提升利用效率对其可持续发展具有重要意义。基于丹参基因组学、转录组学及代谢组学等方面近年来的研究进展,对丹参酚酸类成分的生物合成途径、关键酶基因与调控机制,以及丹参酚酸类成分生物转化利用现状等进行归纳分析,以期为丹参酚酸类物质资源的高效生产与资源综合利用提供科学依据。     

丹参与其伪品甘肃丹参的鉴別研究

用理化、薄层等方法,对丹参和甘肃丹参的化学成分、抑菌作用等方面进行了比较研究。结果表明:二者的化学成分、抑菌作用具有明显为差别,肯定了甘肃丹参为丹参伪品的结论,并为丹参的真伪鉴别提供了科学的依据。     

丹参的本草考证

通过查阅古今医药典籍并且结合现代研究对丹参名称源流、产地、品种、功能与主治进行考证,结果发现:历版中国药典均以丹参为正名具有文献依据;本草记载的丹参主产地主要为河南、山东、四川、陕西、安徽一带,这与现在丹参分布区域相吻合;2005年版中国药典将丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.作为正品收载和使用,具有一定的道理;丹参的功能主治与目前基本一致.     

合理使用丹参制剂

丹参具有活血化瘀作用。丹参片、丹参滴丸、丹参针等各种制剂种类繁多,成分功效不尽相同,适应症也略有区别,只有合理选用,才能发挥出药物的最佳疗效。丹参片、丹参口服液、丹参舒心胶囊:它们只含丹参成分,是心脏病稳定期伴有血瘀证的基础用药。复方丹参片、复方丹参滴丸:含有丹参、三七和冰片,除具活血     

Ursolic acid induces U937 cells differentiation by PI3K/Akt pathway activation简

AIM： Ursolic acid （UA）, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. There were few studies on the effects of UA on differentiation, and this is the first time to elucidate the potential effect and molecular mechanism of UA on inducing differentiation in the human leukemia cell line U937. METHODS： Wright-Giemsa staining, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay and flow cytometric analysis were utilized to demonstrate the differentiation of U937 cells induced by UA. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to investigate the possible mechanism. RESULTS： It was found that UA could induce the differentiation of U937cells and Akt-activity was significantly increased during differentiation. Additionally, LY294002, a PI3K-Akt inhibitor, could block the differentiation of U937 cells induced by UA. CONCLUSION： UA could induce the differentiation of U937 cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and it could be a potential candidate as a differentiation-inducing agent for the therapy of leukemia.     

DT-13, a saponin of dwarf lilyturf tuber,exhibits anti-cancer activity by down-regulating C-C chemokine receptor type 5 and vascular endothelial growth factor in MDA-MB-435 cells简

AIM： To investigate the anticancer activity of DT-13 under normoxia and determine the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS： MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion were performed to assess the anticancer activity of DT-13, a saponin from Ophiopogonjaponicus, in vitro. In addition, the effects of DT-13 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo were evaluated by orthotopic implantation of MDA-MB-435 cells into nude mice; mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 （CCR5） and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a （HIF-1a） were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR; and CCR5 protein levels were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS： At 0.01 to 1 umol·L -1, DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion significantly in vitro. DT-13 reduced VEGF and CCR5 mRNAs, and decreased CCR5 protein expression by down-regulating HIF-1 a. In addition, DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell lung metastasis, and restricted tumor growth slightly in vivo. CONCLUSION： DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo by reducing VEGF, CCR5, and HIF-la expression.     

Qingkailing injection for the treatment of acute stroke： a systematic review and Meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate systematically the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingkailing(QKL) injection in the treatment of acute stroke.METHODS: Searches for randomized controlled trials into acute stroke treated with QKL injection were performed in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wan fang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed and Cochrane Library, from January 1979 to March2013. Two reviewers independently retrieved the RCTs and extracted the information. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the included studies, and a Meta-analysis was conducted with Review Manager 5.2 software.RESULTS: A total of 13 studies with 1110participants were included. The quality of the studies was generally low. The Meta-analysis indicated that the combined use of QKL and Western Medicine was significantly superior to control group therapy in terms of the total effective rate. The relative risk(RR) in the acute cerebral hemorrhage(ACH) sub-group was 1.17 [95%confidence interval(CI)(1.08, 1.26), P=0.0001]. In the acute cerebral infarction(ACI) sub-group, RR was 1.27 [95% CI(1.14, 1.42), P0.0001], and in the ACH and ACI mixed sub-group, RR was 1.34 [95% CI(1.20,1.50),P0.00001]. Additionally, QKL promoted the absorption of hematoma [mean difference(MD)=﹣3.73, 95%CI(﹣4.48, ﹣2.98), P0.000 01],decreased neurological damage in ACI [MD=﹣5.60, 95% CI(﹣8.50, ﹣2.70), P=0.0002] and ACH[MD= ﹣ 4.08, 95% CI( ﹣ 8.00, ﹣ 0.16), P=0.04],promoted the recovery of awareness [RR=1.56, 95%CI(1.09, 2.21), P=0.01] and reduced the whole blood viscosity coefficient [MD=﹣ 0.75, 95% CI( ﹣1.47, ﹣0.03), P=0.04]. There were no adverse drug reactions reported in the included studies.CONCLUSION: Based on this systematic review,QKL combined with conventional therapy was effective compared with control treatment.However, because the articles used in the study were not of high quality, further studies should be conducted into the efficacy and safety of QKL in treating acute stroke.     

Effects of feeding tyrosine and phenylalanine on the accumulation of phenylethanoid glycosides to Cistanche deserticola cell suspension culture

AIM： To investigate the effects of feeding phenylalanine （Phe） and tyrosine （Tyr） on the accumulation of total phenolic compounds and four phenylethanoid glycosides （PeGs） to a cell suspension culture of the parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola.METHOD： A cell suspension culture of C. deserticola was established and precursors of different concentrations were fed. In each group, the cell was sampled at the 24^th day after inoculation. The content of total phenolic compounds and four PeGs compounds were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and an HPLC method, respectively.RESULTS： In the Phe fed cells, the maximum PeGs yield was achieved when Phe was fed at 1.5 mmol·L^-1 and the yield reached 1.13 times the control cell concentration. In the Tyr fed cells, the maximum yield of PeGs was 1.60 times of control when 0.75 mmol·L^-1 Tyr was fed to the cells. Furthermore, it was found that the salidroside yield was 4.01 times of control group when 5 mmol·L^-1 Tyr was fed.CONCLUSION： Tyr is a better precursor for PeGs accumulation compared with Phe, and the rate limiting enzymes might be involved in the Tyr branch.     

Capillary blood flow in patients with dysmenorrhea treated with acupuncture

OBJECTIVE; To observe capillary blood flow at acu- points during acupuncture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea and gain new insights into its anal- gesic mechanism. METHODS： Patients with primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled and randomly assigned to a treat- ment or control group. Subjects＇ symptoms were differentiated into various Traditional Chinese Medi- cine （TCM） syndromes and treated for 10 sessions with puncturing acupuncture or self-pressing right-hand Hegu （LI 4）, adding other acupoints based on syndrome. Laser speckle was used tocompare the change in the vasomotor amplitude and perfusion of the capillaries in Hegu （LI 4） be- fore and during the treatment. Each subject was re- quired to finish the period pain symptoms observa- tion form, verbal rating scales, numerical rating scale, pain rating index, face rating scale, Zung self-rating depression scale, Zung self-rating anxi- ety scale, and numerical rating scale before and af- ter treatments. RESULTS： After 10 sessions, the symptom scores, pain index （PI）, and visual analog scale （VAS） de- creased significantly in treatment group. The vol- ume of blood flow in Hegu （LI 4） declined slightly. No significant evidence supported that needling caused capillary contraction, but the capillary vaso- motor amplitude at Hegu （LI 4） increased remark- ably. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture can increase the capil- lary blood flow, thus promoting the flow of Qi and blood in terms of TCM theory, which facilitates pain relief.     

Hypercoagulability in cancer patients grouped by syndromes differentiated with the theory of abnormal hilit in traditional Uyghur medicine

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the relationship in ma- lignant-neoplasm patients of hypercoagulability between syndromes differentiated with the theory of abnormal hilit in traditional Uyghur medicine（TUM）. METHODS： A total of 248 patients with malignant tumors were enrolled. Based on the theory of TUM they were divided into two groups： abnormal Sav- da and abnormal Non-Savda（including abnormal Khan, abnormal Sepra and abnormal Belghem types）; fifty healthy volunteers were selected as controls. Platelet（PLT）, prothrombin time（PT）, plas- ma fibrinogen（FIB）, thrombin time（TT）, activated partial thromboplastin time（aPTT） and D-Dimer（D-D） were measured in both groups. RESULTS： Compared with the control and abnor-mal Non-Savda groups, in the abnormal Savda group the PLT count increased（P0.05）, the PT was lengthened（P0.01）, and the FIB significantly in- creased（P0.01）. D-Ds in the three groups were sig- nificantly different（P0.05）. No significant differ- ence was found inTT and aPTT values（P0.05）. CONCLUSION： Hypercoagulability existed in pa- tients with malignant tumors in the different types of TUM syndromes, especially in the abnormal Sav- da group; this was characterized by increased blood viscosity, platelet aggregation and thrombo- sis. D-D appears to be a significant predictor for the therapeutic effect of TUM in relation to malignant tumor therapies.     

Curative effect of Xuebijing injection on severe pulmonary contu- sion

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the curative effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection, a Chinese patent medi- cine, on severe pulmonary contusion （PC）. METHODS： Sixty-three patients with PC were ran- domized to conventional therapy plus XBJ injec- tion （n=33） or conventional therapy alone （n=30）. Between groups differences in corticosteroid treat- ment, immune regulation therapy, hemofiltration, infusion volume, transfusion volume and antibiotic period were measured, as were intensive care unit（ICU）-free time, ventilation time, 28-day mortality rate and incidence of ventilation-associated pneu- monia （VAP）. Serum concentrations of procalcito- nin （PCT）, tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleu- kin （IL）-6, and 11_-10, white blood cell （WBC） counts and percentages of human leukocyte antigen DR/ CD14＋ （HLA-DR/CD14＋） peripheral blood mononu- clear cells were compared. Markers of ventilation were determined by blood gas analysis and ventila- tor parameters. RESULTS： WBC counts and serum concentrations of PCT, TNF-a, 11.-6 and IL-10 were reduced signifi- cantly more quickly, and CD14＋ percentage was in- creased significantly earlier, in the XBJ group than in the control group （P〈0.05 each）. The level of ven- tilation and oxygenation index were ameliorated earlier in the XBJ than in the control group （P〈 0.05）. XBJ treatment significantly reduced ICU-free time, ventilation time and incidence of VAP （P〈0.05 each）, but had no effect on 28-day mortality rate （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： XBJ treatment can shorten ICU-free and ventilation times and reduce the incidence of VAP, improving outcomes in patients with severe PC. XBJ may act by regulating inflammation and im- munity, alleviating systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by trauma.     

Characterization and evaluation in vivo of baicalin-nanocrystals prepared by an ultra-sonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying method简

AIM： To improve the absorption and bioavailability of baicalin using a nanocrystal （or nanosuspension） drug delivery system. METHODS： A tandem, ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying technology was applied to prepare baicalin-nanocrystal dried powders, and the physicochemical properties of baicalin-nanocrystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, physical stability, and solubility experiments. Furthermore, in situ intestine single-pass perfusion experiments and pharmacokinetics in rats were performed to make a comparison between the microcrystals of baicalin and pure baicalin in their absorption properties and bioavailability in vivo. RESULTS： The mean particle size of baicalin-nanocrystals was 236 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.173, and a zeta potential value of-34.8 mV, which provided a guarantee for the stability of the reconstituted nanosuspension. X-Ray diffraction results indicated that the crystallinity of baicalin was decreased through the ultrasonic-homogenization process. Physical stability experiments showed that the prepared baicalin-nanocrystals were sufficiently stable. It was shown that the solubility of baicalin in the form of nanocrystals, at 495 ug·mL-1, was much higher than the baicalin-microcrystals and the physical mixture （135 and 86.4 ug·mL- 1, respectively）. In situ intestine perfusion experiments demonstrated a clear advantage in the dissolution and absorption characteristics for baicalin-nanocrystals compared to the other formulations. In addition, after oral administration to rats, the particle size decrease from the micron to nanometer range exhibited much higher in vivo bioavailability （with the AUC（0-t） value of 206.96 ± 21.23 and 127.95 ± 14.41 mg·L-1·h-1, respectively）. CONCLUSION： The nanocrystal drug delivery system using an ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying process is able to improve the absorption and in vivo bioavailability of baicalin, compared with pure baicalin coarse powder and micronized baicalin.     

Effects of Chinese herbs in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis：a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE： To research the curative effect of Chi- nese herbs for clearing away heat, promoting diure- sis, nourishing the kidney, and consolidating es- sence in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis（HSPN） with internal accumulation of damp-toxin using randomized controlled observa- tions on large samples. To seek the mechanism of the therapy and its scope of indications. METHODS： Overall, 186 children with HSPN were randomly divided into two groups： treatment group（n=126） treated with Chinese herbs for clear- ing heat and promoting diuresis and a control group（n=60） treated with Western Medicine. The treatment was carried out for three courses of 4 weeks each. We recorded changes in patient urine routines, 24 h urinary protein, blood-coagulating series, immunoglobulin and T-cell subgroups, and improvements in main symptoms. We evaluated the alleviation of clinical symptoms and the im- provement of proteinuria, hematuria, and other lab-oratory test results. Finally, we analyzed the patient population suitable for this therapy according to the relationship between the grouping of patient body weight and curative effect. RESULTS： Damp-heat syndrome improved in the treatment group, with a significant difference in to- tal effective rate after a 4-week treatment（χ2= 13.5220, P=0.0002） and in curative rate after a 12-week treatment（χ2=6.3410, P=0.0118）, com- pared to those in the control group.The curative ef- fect in the treatment group was greater than that in the control group but there was no statistical dif- ference between the two groups. The curative ef- fect after a 4-week treatment of patients in the treatment group weighing 30 kg or less based on Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） signs and uri- nary protein was significantly greater than that in the control group. However, there was no statistical difference in the curative effect on urinary red cells and various indexes after a 12-week treatment be- tween the two groups. CONCLUSION： Therapy for clearing away heat, pro- moting diuresis, nourishing the kidney, and consoli- dating essence using TCM is effective in children with HSPN from internal accumulation of damp-toxin. The therapy is especially suitable for patients weighing 30 kg or less. The curative effect may be related to the improvement of immune function and blood-coagulation.