生物技术药物的研究开发新进展

阐明生物药物分类新概念，综述近2年国内外生物技术药物研究开发的新进展，生物技术药物已进入蛋白质工程药物发展新阶段；新型生物技术药物和疫苗以及组织和细胞治疗药是近期的研究重点；生物技术药物新剂型研究展出良好的发展前景。     

生物技术药物的剂型研究进展

生物技术药物发展迅速,代表着现代科技在医疗卫生行业的实际应用进展.该文阐述了生物技术药物的最新发展状况和发展趋势.     

纳米技术与药物新剂型

目的:介绍纳米技术与药物新剂型的研究与发展的关系。方法:将现有已报道的药物新剂型对照纳米技术制备制剂的要求,以肯定现有已达或未达纳米粒度的药物新剂型,找出其进一步提高和发展的方向。结 果:明确了部分药物新剂型如溶液型固体分散体、环糊精包合物、微乳、小单层脂质体、毫微囊、毫微球等,实际上已达到纳米粒度药物的要求;而其它类型的固体分散体、微囊剂和微球剂等,尚属微米粒度的药物新剂型。结论:纳米技术与药物新剂型的关系甚为密切,为今后应用纳米技术研究和发展药物新剂型奠定了基础,并显示其强有力的促进作用和保证作用。     

蛋白质、多肽类药物新剂型与新技术发展动态

现代生物技术的飞速发展 ,使蛋白质、多肽类药物在临床上的应用日益广泛。与此同时 ,蛋白质、多肽类药物递送系统的研究也成为现代药剂学的一个热点。此文综述了近年来国内外蛋白质、多肽类药物的新剂型和制剂新技术的发展概况 ,希望为蛋白质、多肽类药物制剂的研究和临床应用、开发提供借鉴。     

抗肿瘤天然药物新剂型的研究进展

癌症是危害人类健康及生命的常见病,化疗是癌症治疗的有效手段之一,抗肿瘤天然药物是化疗药物中一个重要组成部分.近年来,随着科学技术的迅速发展,现代药剂学进入了药物传递系统(drug delivery system, DDS)时代;同样,随着越来越多的中药抗肿瘤新药的发现,对中药制剂的研究也日益深入与广泛,利用药物制剂新技术、新辅料开发中药新剂型已成为中药现代化的一个重要内容.现将近年来抗肿瘤天然药物新剂型的研究进展作一概括.     

药物新剂型新技术的教学

药物新剂型新技术课程作为药剂学的重要补充，扮演着对药剂学内容实时补充更新的角色。随着新技术新辅料新方法的不断涌现，其重要性越来越不容忽视。笔者根据两年多药物新剂型新技术的教学实践，总结对此门课程的教学体会。     

Evaluation of new indomethacin dosage forms

Indomethacin, an indole derivative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been available since the early 1960s in gelatin capsules. In 1982, a sustained release product, Indocin SR, was marketed. Awaiting marketing approval is a unique controlled release form of indomethacin, Indos. The disposition of indomethacin includes enterohepatic cycling and extensive metabolism to inactive metabolites. Enterohepatic cycling makes interpretation of bioavailability estimates of indomethacin dosage forms difficult. The relationship of indomethacin plasma concentration to therapeutic effects and side effects is inconclusive. It appears in vivo prostaglandin inhibition occurs at very low plasma concentrations that are achievable with all available dosage forms. Indocin SR is a sustained release capsule of indomethacin designed to deliver 25 mg of drug immediately and 50 mg gradually. Absolute bioavailability of the product is 80%. The plasma concentration-time curves do not show good sustained release characteristics; after four hours plasma concentrations resemble those seen with a single dose of regular capsule. The cost compared with Indocin is competitive. Indos is a zero-order release form of indomethacin. It is a unique drug delivery system that shows good controlled release characteristics. Bioavailability is 85%. Both Indocin SR and Indos are apparently therapeutically equivalent to indomethacin capsules. In elderly patients, Indos has been shown to be associated with fewer side effects than Indocin. Both Indocin SR and Indos have the advantage of once or twice daily dosing.     

中国儿科药品常用剂型研究进展及前景分析

我国儿科药品剂型较丰富,但是常用药物种类及规格仍无法满足日益增长的用药需求。综述我国儿科药品常用剂型种类及其应用现状,发现儿童常用药物剂型有片剂、颗粒剂、注射剂等,口服剂型所面临的主要问题是口感差、用药依从性低;非口服剂型用药依从性相对较高,但儿童用产品较少,需大力开发。针对各剂型研发所面临的机遇及挑战,未来儿童用药首选剂型仍是口服制剂,但是会向微片、微丸、分散片的形式发展。     

芍药苷保肝药理作用及新剂型的研究进展

芍药苷是一种单萜糖苷类化合物,其保肝药理活性显著。但芍药苷的脂溶性差导致生物利用度低,起效较慢,限制了其广泛应用,研究和开发芍药苷新剂型以提高生物利用度和药效是当前研究的热点。基于此,本文综合国内外相关文献,对芍药苷保肝药理作用和新剂型的研究进行全面的整理综述,以期为芍药苷的应用和新剂型研发提供理论依据和思路参考。     

眼科用药新制剂

眼科用药是医药市场不可或缺的组成部分,2009年全球销售额超过140亿美元。干眼病、眼部过敏、感染和炎症等是常见的眼部疾病。随着人口增长,眼科用药市场逐渐扩大;随着老龄人口的比例增大,青光眼和视网膜疾病等治疗药物的销售额也随之不断增加,     

Anti-asthmatic drugs dosage forms in children: a cross-sectional study

Objective: To describe the choice of drugs as well as the dosage forms of anti-asthmatic drugs in children with regard to different age groups.Methods: Cross-sectional study based on computerized pharmacy dispensing records of 1999 for children aged 0–16 years in the north of the Netherlands. All children were selected and divided in the following age groups: 0–1, 2–5, 6–11 and 12–16-year-olds.Results: Inhaled beta2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids were the most widely used anti-asthmatic drugs in all age groups (respectively 59 and 58 users per 100 anti-asthmatic using 0–16 year-olds). Cromones were rarely used. Up to four years of age the use of treatment with aerosol inhalers increased simultaneously with a decrease of oral dosage forms. The use of dry powder inhalers started at the age of approximately 4 years old and increased to about 85% of the users at the age of 11, with the strongest increase around the age of 6 and 7.Conclusion: The choice of drugs and dosage forms corresponds with what might be expected based on guidelines for the treatment of asthma in children, except for the high use of deptropine in the youngest age group. Anti-asthmatic drugs for preventive treatment are used so frequently without beta2-agonists that questions about possible overtreatment need to be raised.     

水蛭素剂型研究进展

水蛭素是水蛭的活性成分,具有良好的抗凝血和抗血栓作用。但由于临床应用中存在半衰期短、出血危险等不足,实际应用效果并不理想,因此一些水蛭素新剂型的研究也在不断进行。现结合水蛭素的不同药理作用和临床应用对其给药途径及给药剂型进行综述,以期为水蛭素以后的研究和应用提供参考依据。