CYP2C19基因多态性对伏立康唑药代动力学影响的系统评价

目的系统评价CYP2C19基因多态性与伏立康唑药物代谢动力学的关系。方法至2011年2月,计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Embase、Med-line、CNKI等数据库。收集有关CYP2C19基因多态性与伏立康唑药代动力学关系的研究。用RevMan 5.0软件对符合纳入标准的研究进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10篇回顾性研究。其中,英文9篇,中文1篇。Meta分析结果表明,3种基因型对Cmax的影响没有统计学差异;3种基因型对AUC和T1/2的影响十分明显,PM基因型组的AUC和T1/2的值均大于HEM基因型组,且HEM基因型组均显著大于EM基因型组。基因型为EM人群的CL/F,明显大于PM基因型组;基因型为PM的人群Tmax,显著长于EM组;基因型为PM人群的MRT,显著大于EM人群。结论伏立康唑代谢与CYP2C19基因多态性有显著相关性;但可能还受其他多种因素影响。     

细胞色素P450(CYP)3A5与CYP2C19基因多态性对伏立康唑在健康人体的药代动力学特征的影响

目的研究中国健康人体内细胞色素P450(CYP)3A5、CYP2C19基因多态性对伏立康唑药代动力学的影响。方法用RFLP-PCR法对受试者进行全血CYP3A5、CYP2C19基因分型;建立人血浆中伏立康唑的LC-MS测定方法,检测血药浓度;并对受试者单次口服伏立康唑200 mg后的系列血药浓度进行测定。结果伏立康唑200 mg,CYP2C19突变纯合子的AUC0-36、AUC0-∞值均显著高于野生组;也显著高于突变杂合组;而CL/F值则明显低于野生组。T1/2﹑Cmax等在各组间无统计学差异;伏立康唑各药代动力学参数在CYP3A5各组间均无统计学差异。结论中国人体内CYP2C19基因多态性对伏立康唑的药代动力学过程有显著影响;而CYP3A5基因多态性对伏立康唑的药代动力学过程无明显影响。     

中国人CYPC19和CYP2C9等位基因多态性分析

目的 探讨细胞色素P450(CYP)2C19(CYP2C19)和CYP2C9在中国人群中的等位基因多态性分布,分析影响上述基因多态性的因素。方法 应用聚合酶链反应-变性高效液相(PCR-DHPLC)技术分析了150例癫痫患者CYP2C19外显子4(·3)、外显子5(·2)和CYP2C9外显子7(·3)的等位基因变异,现察这二种基因多态性在癫痫患者中分布的特征。结果 150例 癫痫患者CYP2C19·3、CYP2C19·2和CYP2C9·3均为野生型的发生率为38.7％,CYP2C19·2、CYP2C19·3和CYP2C9·3等位基因频率分别为34.3％、5.3％和7.3％.CYP2C19·2和CYP2C19·3等位基因分布频率存在性别之间的显著差异,p值分别为p<0.05、p<0.01;而CYP2C9·3的等位基因分布频率不存在性别之间的显著差异。CYP2C19基因型存在性别之阍的差异显著,p<0.01。存在CYP2C9·3等住基因多态性的个体一定出现CYP2C19·2的等住基因多态性。结论 性别因素可能对CYP2C19酶的活性产生影响,应用同时经CYP2C9和CYP2C19代谢的药物时,需进行基因型测定。     

CYP2C19基因多态性与肿瘤易感性关系的研究进展

细胞色素氧化酶P4502C19（CYP2C19）又称S-美芬妥英羟化酶，其表型和基因型的遗传多态性决定了不同个体对不同致癌物代谢的差异性和肿瘤的化学致癌易感性。本文对CYP2C19基因多态性分子机制、基因多态性与肿瘤发病易感性的关系等研究进行了综述     

CYP2C19基因多态性对艾司西酞普兰血药浓度的影响

摘 要 目的： 研究细胞色素P4502C19(CYP2C19)基因多态性对艾司西酞普兰(Es)血药浓度的影响。方法: 采用HPLC法建立Es血药浓度检测方法并计算标准血药浓度。随机选择70例抑郁症患者为研究对象,单独使用Es对70例抑郁症患者治疗两周后,检测其血药浓度并计算标准血药浓度、采集汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和药物副反应量表（TESS）分析携带不同基因类型的抑郁症患者对Es的代谢类型。结果: 成功建立了Es的HPLC检测方法, 最低检测浓度为10 ng·ml^-1,最低检测限量为3.6 ng。依据基因类型的不同,将70例抑郁症患者分成A、B、C三组,组间标准血药浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。野生型、杂合突变体及纯合突变体的代谢类型分别是EM、IM和PM,各组间标准血药浓度,汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和药物副反应量表（TESS）分析结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论: CYP2C19基因型不同的抑郁症患者对Es的代谢水平、治疗效果及不良反应情况不相同,临床应根据患者的基因类型,制定个体化的给药方案。     

细胞色素P450 2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑胶囊抑酸效果的影响

目的研究细胞色素P4502C19（CYP2C19）基因多态性对奥美拉唑胶囊抑酸效果的影响。方法在15名幽门螺杆菌感染阴性的健康志愿者中，用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法确定CYP2C19基因型，分为纯合子强代谢型（hom EM），杂合子强代谢型（het EM）和弱代谢型（PM）3组，每组5人。受试者口服奥美拉唑每天20mg，连续8天。分别在服药第1天和第8天，用24h胃内pH测定仪分析24h胃内pH中位值、pH〉4及pH〉3的总时间。结果24h胃内pH中位值、pH〉4和pH〉3的总时间，PM组显著高于hom EM组和het EM组（P〈0．05）。hom EM组和her EM组的24h胃内pH监测参数，在服药第8天显著高于第1天（P〈0．05）。夜间抑酸效果，PM组也优于hom EM组和het EM组（P〈0．05）。结论CYP2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑的抑酸效果及夜间酸突破现象均有明显影响。     

细胞色素P4502C9基因多态性对健康人体内格列喹酮药代动力学的影响

目的研究细胞色素CYP2C9基因多态性对中国人体内格列喹酮药物代谢动力学的影响。方法用RELP-PCR方法对38名健康受试者进行CYP2C9基因多态性检测,并按不同CYP2C9基因型进行分组,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定受试者体内格列喹酮的血药浓度并计算相应的药代动力学参数,比较不同基因型受试者间药代动力学参数的差异。结果在38名健康受试者中,发现3名CYP2C9*1/*3杂合突变型个体与35名CYP2C9*1/*1野生型个体;未发现CYP2C9*3/*3纯合突变型个体。随机抽取的17名野生型个体与3名杂合突变型个体在给予格列喹酮60 mg后,发现杂合突变型个体AUC0-t、AUC0-∞、CL/F分别相当于野生型个体的1.854,1.787,0.554倍。结论 CYP2C9基因多态性对格列喹酮的药代动力学有显著影响,CYP2C9*1/*3突变型个体临床应适当调整给药剂量。     

CYP2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑在中国人体内的药物动力学和药效学的影响

目的研究CYP2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑在中国人体内的药物动力学和药效学的影响。方法在18例幽门螺杆菌感染阴性的健康志愿者中,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法确定CYP2C19基因型,分为纯合子强代谢型(homEM),杂合子强代谢型(hetEM)和弱代谢型(PM)3组,每组6人。受试者口服奥美拉唑20 mg.d-1,连续8 d。分别在服药后d 1和d 8,应用高效液相色谱法测定奥美拉唑血药浓度,采用24 h胃内pH监测仪监测胃内pH情况。结果服用奥美拉唑d1,PM组的血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)高于homEM组和hetEM组,在三种基因型之间的相对比率为1∶1.1∶4.2(homEM∶hetEM∶PM);在服药d 8,PM组的AUC值也高于homEM组和hetEM组,在三种基因型之间的相对比率为1.0∶1.3∶3.3(homEM∶hetEM∶PM)。在服药d1,24 h胃内pH中位值、pH>3的总时间和pH>4的总时间在三种基因型间差异有显著性;在服药d 8,这些参数在PM组高于其它两组。结论CYP2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑在中国人体内的药物动力学和药效学有明显影响。     

Functional characterization of two novel CYP2C19 variants (CYP2C19*18 and CYP2C19*19) found in a Japanese population

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) plays an important role in the metabolism of a wide range of therapeutic drugs and exhibits genetic polymorphism with interindividual differences in metabolic activity. We have previously described two CYP2C19 allelic variants, namely CYP2C19*18 and CYP2C19*19 with Arg329His/Ile331Val and Ser51Gly/Ile331Val substitutions, respectively. In order to investigate precisely the effect of amino acid substitutions on CYP2C19 function, CYP2C19 proteins of the wild-type (CYP2C19.1B having Ile331Val) and variants (CYP2C19.18 and CYP2C19.19) were heterologously expressed in yeast cells, and their S-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylation activities were determined. The K_m value of CYP2C19.19 for S-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylation was significantly higher (3.0-fold) than that of CYP2C19.1B. Although no significant differences in V_max values on the basis of microsomal and functional CYP protein levels were observed between CYP2C19.1B and CYP2C19.19, the V_max/K_m values of CYP2C19.19 were significantly reduced to 29–47% of CYP2C19.1B. By contrast, the K_m, V_max or V_max/K_m values of CYP2C19.18 were similar to those of CYP2C19.1B. These results suggest that Ser51Gly substitution in CYP2C19.19 decreases the affinity toward S-mephenytoin of CYP2C19 enzyme, and imply that the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19*19 also causes variations in the clinical response to drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.     

CYP2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑药动学与相对生物利用度的影响

目的在中国男性健康受试者中研究CYP2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑药代动力学及不同奥美拉唑制剂相对生物利用度的影响。方法筛选18名男性健康志愿者,其中CYP2C19野生型(w/w)、CYP2C19突变杂合子(w/m)、CYP2C19突变纯合子(m/m)各6名。采取随机双交叉试验,受试者随机口服试验制剂或参比制剂奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊40mg。抽取血样3ml至给药后12h。1wk后交叉服药。采用LC/MS法测定血浆奥美拉唑浓度,用3P97软件进行个体药动学建模并估算药动学参数。结果w/w、w/m、m/m组参比制剂奥美拉唑的AUC与Cmax分别为1178.44±340.24、2328.10±1011.83、5062.02±1097.29μg.h.L-1与602.87±118.25,926.43±134.48,1406.29±233.58μg.L-1,3组间差异存在显著性(P<0.05)。ke、CL/F、T21和Vd/F也均存在组间差异(P<0.05)。w/w、w/m、m/m组试验制剂奥美拉唑的AUC与C/max分别为1224.82±531.67、2723.34±519.29、5692.49±1575.35μg.h.L-1与618.74±231.43、910.67±125.99、1303.31±152.01μg·L-1,3组间差异存在显著性(P<0.05)。3组间的ke、CL/F、T21和Vd/F等参数差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。w/w、w/m、m/m组奥美拉唑的相对生物利用度分别为94.29%±14.06%、93.08%±11.22%、91.84%±13.03%,3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论不同的CYP2C19基因型,表现为不同的CYP2C19酶活性,影响奥美拉唑的血药浓度和体内药动学过程。临床患者在使用奥美拉唑治疗前进行CYP2C19基因分型,将有利于优化个体治疗方案。CYP2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑的相对生物利用度无影响。     

CYP2C19多态性对健康志愿者单剂量 口服埃索美拉唑PK的影响

目的：分析影响医院合理用药的相关因素,为评价医院合理用药水平提供参考。方法：在问卷调查的基础上归纳与医院合理用药相关的影响因素,运用因子分析方法提取公因子。结果：通过因子分析方法共提取4个公因子,依次为“临床药师参与能力”、“考核培训能力”、“奖惩能力”、“处方点评能力”,并在提取公因子的基础上构建了医院合理用药评价函数。结论：公因子的提取及合理用药评价函数的构建可以作为评价和衡量医院合理用药水平的重要工具。     

CYP2C9和CYP2C19基因多态性对药物代谢的影响及个体化用药研究进展

CYP2C9、CYP2C19酶是细胞色素P450系统中重要的药物代谢酶,共同参与许多重要药物的体内代谢。CYP2C9、CYP2C19基因具有高度多态性,在基因编码区和非编码区存在许多碱基突变,这种突变会影响酶的活性,导致酶底物药物清除率改变,从而导致药品不良反应的发生。本文对CYP2C9、CYP2C19基因突变的发生频率及对药物代谢的影响做详细阐述。     

CYP2C19基因多态性对奥美拉唑治疗儿童幽门螺旋杆菌疗效的影响

目的：探索儿童CYP2C19的基因分布,以及基因多态性对奥美拉唑治疗儿童幽门螺旋杆菌疗效的影响。方法：收集本院消化科住院治疗的111例幽门螺旋杆菌阳性患儿血样,采用数字荧光杂交测定CYP2C19的基因型,根据结果分为4种代谢类型：超快代谢型（UM）、快代谢型（EM）、中间代谢性（IM）以及慢代谢型（PM）,统计不同基因型、代谢型分布频率。常规奥美拉唑剂量下[0.6~1 mg·（kg·d）^-1（最大量40 mg·d^-1）],比较不同代谢型患儿幽门螺旋杆菌根除率。快代谢组患儿,比较奥美拉唑常规剂量组和高剂量组[1.2~2 mg·（kg·d）^-1（最大量80 mg·d^-1）]的根除率。结果：CYP2C19*1、CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3和CYP2C19*17等位基因频率分别为67.12%,24.77%,6.76%和1.35%。UM型、EM型、IM型以及PM型代谢组分布频率分别为0.9%,50.45%,34.23%,14.41%。常规奥美拉唑剂量下,EM组根除率（53.57%）显著低于IM（78.95%）及PM组（87.5%）。快代谢组患儿,高剂量组根除率（82.14%）显著高于常规剂量组（53.57%）。结论：剂量相同的条件下,EM组的根除率更低,但增加剂量可以提高EM组的根除率,这可用于指导临床个体化用药。通过基因检测,可以选择更合适的药物剂量。     

CYP2C19 Genotype Related Effect of Omeprazole on Intragastric pH and Antimicrobial Stability

PURPOSE: A combination of proton pump inhibitors and antimicrobials has been applied as an anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) therapy. Omeprazole, one of the proton pump inhibitors, is metabolized by CYP2C19. which exhibits genetic polymorphism. It was reported previously that the overall anti-H. pylori efficacy can be related to the CYP2C19 genotype. The main aim of the present study was to obtain a rational explanation for the relationship between the overall anti-H. pylori efficacy and the CYP2C19 genotype. METHODS: Six healthy volunteers were classified as extensive metabolizers and poor metabolizers, according to their CYP2C19 genotypes. Plasma concentrations and intragastric pH were monitored prior to and until 24 h after the administration of 20 mg omeprazole. The stability of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole was examined using buffer solutions with monitored intragastric pH, and their remaining percentage in the intragastric space was simulated. RESULTS: The poor metabolizers, classified by the CYP2C19 genotypes, showed the higher effectiveness in anti-H. pylori therapy, via the higher plasma concentration of omeprazole and the higher intragastric pH, and possibly the higher stability of antimicrobials in the higher intragastric pH. CONCLUSIONS: CYP2C19 genotyping is a very useful method to determine the effective and safe dosage regimen including the selection of the dual and triple therapy in anti-H. pylori therapy.     

Different inhibitory effect of fluvoxamine on omeprazole metabolism between CYP2C19 genotypes

AIMS: Omeprazole is mainly metabolized by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19. The inhibitory effect of fluvoxamine, an inhibitor of CYP2C19 as well as CYP1A2, on the metabolism of omeprazole was compared between different genotypes for CYP2C19. METHODS: Eighteen volunteers, of whom six were homozygous extensive metabolizers (EMs), six were heterozygous EMs and six were poor metabolizers (PMs) for CYP2C19, participated in the study. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was performed. All subjects received two six-day courses of either daily 50 mg fluvoxamine or placebo in a randomized fashion with a single oral 40 mg dose of omeprazole on day six in both cases. Plasma concentrations of omeprazole and its metabolites, 5-hydroxyomeprazole, omeprazole sulphone, and fluvoxamine were monitored up to 8 h after the dosing. RESULTS: During placebo administration, geometric means of peak concentration (C(max)), under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC(0,8 h)) and elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of omeprazole were 900 ng ml(-1), 1481 ng ml(-1) h, and 0.6 h in homozygous EMs, 1648 ng ml(-1), 4225 ng ml(-1) h, and 1.1 h in heterozygous EMs, and 2991 ng ml(-1), 11537 ng ml(-1) h, and 2.8 h in PMs, respectively. Fluvoxamine treatment increased C(max) of omeprazole by 3.7-fold (95%CI, 2.4, 5.0-fold, P < 0.01) and 2.0-fold (1.4, 2.6-fold, P < 0.01), AUC(0,8 h) by 6.0-fold (3.3, 8.7-fold, P < 0.001) and 2.4-fold (1.7, 3.2-fold, P < 0.01), AUC(0, infinity ) by 6.2-fold (3.0, 9.3-fold, P < 0.01) and 2.5-fold (1.6, 3.4-fold, P < 0.001) and prolonged t((1/2)) by 2.6-fold (1.9, 3.4-fold, P < 0.001) and 1.4-fold (1.02, 1.7-fold, P < 0.05), respectively. However, no pharmacokinetic parameters were changed in PMs. The AUC(0,8 h) ratios of 5-hydroxyomeprazole to omeprazole were decreased with fluvoxamine in homozygous EMs (P < 0.05) and heterozygous EMs (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Even a low dose of fluvoxamine increased omeprazole exposure in EMs, but did not increase omeprazole exposure in PMs after a single oral dose of omeprazole. These findings confirm a potent inhibitory effect of fluvoxamine on CYP2C19 activity. The bioavailability of omeprazole might, to some extent, be increased through inhibition of P-glycoprotein during fluvoxamine treatment.     

CYP2C19基因多态性对精神分裂症患者丙戊酸血药浓度的影响

目的 研究CYP2C19基因多态性与精神分裂症患者心境稳定剂丙戊酸血药浓度的关系。方法 选择奥氮平治疗且服用丙戊酸钠作为心境稳定剂的精神分裂症患者160例,采集血液,测定CYP2C19基因型以及丙戊酸血药浓度,比较各个基因型血药浓度的差异。结果 *2/*2型(122.06±41.30)mg·L^-1和*2/*3型(132.34±51.34)mg·L^-1患者丙戊酸血药浓度明显高于野生*1/*1型(79.41±25.14)mg·L^-1(P<0.05或P<0.01);*1/*1、*1/*2和*1/*3型之间、*2/*2和*2/*3型之间血药浓度无统计学差异;PM型血药浓度(122.13±42.85)mg·L^-1与EM型(80.59±48.60)mg·L^-1比较,显著升高(P<0.05)。 结论 *2/*2和*2/*3型CYP2C19患者,其血液丙戊酸浓度较高,该类患者服用丙戊酸作为精神分裂症心境稳定剂时,宜适当降低用药剂量。