腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠吻合、腹腔外空肠吻合术50例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合、腹腔外空肠吻合术的技巧和中期疗效。方法对大的囊肿,于囊肿中部切开前壁,再用电钩横断囊肿后壁;对小的囊肿,围绕囊肿周围游离,完整切除扩张胆管。对反复发生胆管炎症的患儿,采用Lilly’s方法游离囊肿。脐部切口扩大至1.5 cm,将空肠提出腹壁外,行空肠Roux-Y吻合。腹腔镜监视下肝管空肠端侧吻合。结果16例患儿行囊肿全部切除,34例患儿行Lilly’s囊肿切除。1例早期手术患儿术前反复发作胆管炎症,囊肿周围紧密粘连,分离中渗血明显中转开腹完成手术。手术时间190-450 min,平均226 min。8例患儿需要输血。术后住院时间6-16 d,平均8 d。49例术后随访3-39个月,平均26个月。术后并发症4例：1例发生胆漏,经腹腔引流后自愈;急性胰腺炎1例,保守治疗治愈;肠粘连肠梗阻1例,保守治疗;肠坏死1例,开腹探查见空肠肝支肠管梗阻坏死,行肠切除和再次胆肠吻合手术。余45例无腹痛、发热、黄疸等症状。无胆管狭窄和反流性胃炎病例,无手术死亡。结论分离囊肿后壁,避免门静脉损伤是最关键的腹腔镜操作;胆肠吻合是腹腔镜最难的技术。腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治术疗效满意。     

小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症防治经验

目的 探讨小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症的预防措施。方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2015年1月16年间我院经手术治疗的31例小儿先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料。囊肿类型：I型30例,IV型1例。手术方式：囊肿外引流1例;内引流2例;囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术28例。结果 31例均完成手术,无手术死亡。术后近期出现并发症6例,其中胆漏2例,胰漏1例,胸腔积液1例,切口裂开2例。获随访24例,时间3个月～7年,术后20例腹痛消失,B超、CT复查无囊肿复发、结石及癌变。1例囊肿外引流术后3个月再次行囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术;2例囊肿内引流术后1～5年内腹痛症状未缓解,再次行囊肿切除,肝总管、空肠Roux-Y吻合术,痊愈。1例IV型囊肿行肝外囊肿切除,肝管空肠Roux-Y术后7年胆管炎反复发作,吻合口狭窄并左肝管结石,再次行肝左外叶切除,胆肠吻合术。结论 重视围手术期治疗,掌握精细、规范的肝肠吻合技术,是预防小儿先天性胆总管囊肿手术并发症的关键措施。     

Laparoscopic resection of cyst and Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy in chileren with choledochal cyst

目的 总结腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治手术的经验.方法 从2010年7月至2011年10月,对我院22例胆总管囊肿患儿行腹腔镜下囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术.结果 3例因囊壁炎症重而中转开腹,其余均完成腹腔镜手术,平均手术时间4.6小时(3.5～6.5小时).术后3例出现胆瘘,经通畅引流后愈合.术后美容效果明显.随访至今未出现胆道狭窄、胆道感染等并发症.结论 腹腔镜下根治小儿胆总管囊肿是安全可靠的.     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术治疗婴幼儿胆总管囊肿

目的 探讨腹腔镜下治疗婴幼儿胆总管囊肿的关键技术,介绍加用外固定肝脏拉钩应用的初步经验.方法 患儿42例,采用四Trocar加外置Nathanson肝脏拉钩外固定技术,腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合胆道重建术.结果 本组患儿手术全部成功,无死亡,无中转开腹手术.手术平均时间为4.5h(3.5～7h),出血量10～50ml;术中发现合并美克尔憩室1例,肠旋转不良1例;切除阑尾5例;术后应激性溃疡并消化道出血2例,胆漏2例,胰漏1例,脐部伤口感染1例;术后平均住院时间6.5d(6～21d).术后随访1个月～5.5年,未发现胆囊炎、肠粘连梗阻和吻合口狭窄发生.结论 经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术是一种安全可靠的方法,腹腔镜下打结缝合技术和清晰宽敞的手术空间是该手术成功的关键与保障.     

腹腔镜下囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合治疗小儿胆总管囊肿

目的总结腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治手术的经验。方法从2010年7月至2011年10月,对我院22例胆总管囊肿患儿行腹腔镜下囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术。结果 3例因囊壁炎症重而中转开腹,其余均完成腹腔镜手术,平均手术时间4.6小时(3.5～6.5小时)。术后3例出现胆瘘,经通畅引流后愈合。术后美容效果明显。随访至今未出现胆道狭窄、胆道感染等并发症。结论腹腔镜下根治小儿胆总管囊肿是安全可靠的。     

完全腹腔镜胆总管切除肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术五例经验

目的探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管切除肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术的方法和优缺点。方法2003年4月至2004年11月,5例患者接受了完全腹腔镜胆总管切除肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术,其中先天性胆总管囊肿4例,胆总管中段癌1例。结果4例顺利完成手术,出血10～150ml,手术时间255（220～300）min,1例同时行疝囊高位结扎术。3例放置了胆道支架管,术后40～50d拔出。术后平均住院时间10d。1例有疤痕体质患者因术后轻微胆瘘给予保守治疗,停留肝下引流管21d后痊愈出院,并于术后4个月因肝肠吻合口狭窄行腹腔镜吻合口狭窄松解成型术,余3例患者术后已经随访21～35个月,无复发等并发症发生,情况良好（胆管癌术后已生存35个月）。1例2岁小儿患者术中分离胆总管囊肿后壁时出血中转为开腹手术。结论经过选择的患者进行腹腔镜胆总管切除肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术技术上是可行的,具有微创、恢复快,术后腹壁疤痕小、腹腔粘连少等优点,值得进一步探讨。     

腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除术

目的：探讨腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术的操作技术及优越性。方法：本组45例患儿在腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除,胆道重建术。首先在腹腔镜监视下行胆囊穿刺造影,切除胆囊。然后用超声刀横断囊肿,近端游离至肝总管处切断,远端游离至胰胆管汇合处结扎切断,彻底切除囊肿壁。经脐部2cm切口提出空肠于腹壁外行空肠Roux-Y吻合,肝支30～35cm,然后将肠管送回腹腔经结肠后将肝支拉至肝下,将肝管与空肠端侧吻合。结果：45例患儿均在腹腔镜下应用超声刀完成胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术。手术时间3．5～6．0h(平均4．2h)。术中出血量10～50ml(平均15ml)。全部患儿无术中并发症。术后住院时间3～9d(平均5．5d)。38例获随访,随访时间1个月～1．5年,无吻合口狭窄及粘连性肠梗阻发生,肝功能检查正常。结论腹腔镜下应用超声刀行胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux—Y吻合术安全可靠。优点为手术视野清晰,解剖层次清楚,术中出血少、创伤小,术后疼痛轻、切口小,手术瘢痕不明显。     

胆总管囊肿胆管穿孔引流术后二次腹腔镜根治术体会

目的 探讨胆总管囊肿胆管穿孔引流术后采取二次腹腔镜行胆总管囊肿根治术的可行性。方法 回顾性分析徐州医科大学附属徐州儿童医院2012年2月至2020年2月收治的10例胆总管囊肿并胆管穿孔行外引流术、并再次行腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术的患儿临床资料,分析术前及术中注意事项,总结相关经验。二次手术采用四孔法,其中脐部及右侧腹切口选择原切口,没有额外增加切口;囊肿分离采取囊肿横断切除法,避免损伤门静脉和肝动脉。结果 10例患儿,其中男4例,女6例;年龄9个月至8岁,平均（3.1±0.6）岁。9例患儿在腔镜下完成二次手术,手术方式为腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。1例因纤维增生囊壁厚,腹腔镜下操作渗血多,不易止血影响操作视野,放弃腹腔镜操作中转开腹手术。所有患儿术中未发生腹腔镜手术副损伤,术后未发生胆漏、肠瘘、腹腔感染等并发症,均康复出院,住院时间7～10 d。结论 采用腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术治疗既往有胆管穿孔外引流手术史的患儿是安全可行的。     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿外科治疗体会

目的探讨成人先天性胆总管囊肿的外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2015年1月收治的21例成人先天性胆总管囊肿资料,对其诊断和治疗方法进行总结。结果全组术前均行B超和CT检查,行MRI检查9例,行ERCP检查3例。术前诊断先天性胆总管囊肿16例,急性胆管炎2例,胆总管结石2例,急性坏疽性胆囊炎1例。全组均手术治疗,囊肿外引流术3例;囊肿空肠Roux-Y吻合术3例;囊肿切除+肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术15例,其中同时肝左外侧叶切除1例。术后病理诊断均为胆总管囊性扩张,其中伴癌变1例。术后因多器官功能衰竭死亡1例,术中切断肝动脉1例,胆漏1例,胸腔积液1例。16例获随访,随防时间2个月~8年。术后因肝内多发转移死亡1例;症状消失10例;症状未缓解5例,为外引流术后2例和内引流术后3例,3个月至3年内再次行囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术4例,拒绝再次手术1例。结论成人先天性胆总管囊肿无特征性症状,B超检查简便实用,MRCP对诊断有重要价值。囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术疗效确切。     

31例先天性胆总管囊肿的手术治疗

本组31例先天性胆总管囊肿病人均采用外科手术治疗，切除胆总管囊肿，用2种方法重建胆道（Roux-Y吻合术与间置空肠代胆道术），18例Roux-Y吻合术后并发粘连性肠梗阻2例，13例间置空肠代胆道加矩形瓣，术后恢复顺利，随访27例，平均2年6月（3月－6年），未发生并发症，胆总管囊肿切除，Roux-Y吻合术与间置空肠代胆道术是先天性胆总管囊肿切除后胆道重建适宜选用的手术。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.