路易体痴呆1例报道

<正>1984年日人小阪宪司(Kosaka.k)率先提出在痴呆性疾病中存在一种新的疾病,称做弥漫性路易小体病(Diffuse type of Lewy body disease)。此后日本及欧美各国都有类似报道, 但根据尸检发现大脑皮质lewy小体的多少不一,有三种意见: (1)本病属独立的疾病;(2)属ATD系列疾病;(3)帕金森病的"延长线",即ATD与PD的过渡型。1995年在英国新城召开第一届国际路易体痴呆(Dementiawith Lewy body DLB)研讨会,统一定名为lewy体痴呆,并为该病拟定了临床和病理诊断     

路易体痴呆1例报告

路易体痴呆 (L ewy body dementia)在精神科临床并不多见 ,现报道 1例如下。患者男性 ,72岁 ,已婚 ,初中文化 ,退休工人。 2 0 0 0年1月无明显诱因渐出现反复洗手 ,1天要洗几个小时 ,同年 7月开始怕脏 ,每天需用两圈卫生纸反复擦裤档 ,由于怕大小便粘在身上 ,不敢喝水、吃饭 ,人渐消瘦。后不能走路 ,手脚僵硬 ,大小便解在床上 ,说“天花板上有人要杀我”。既往史、个人史及家庭史无特殊。体查 :衰老面容 ,全身极度消瘦 ,营养极差 ,全身肌肉萎缩 ,四肢肌张力增高 (下肢更严重 ) ,不能行走 ,双手平举时有细微震颤 ,有左右失认。精神检查 :时…     

路易体痴呆

路易体痴呆(dementia with Lewy bodies,DLB)是一种神经变性性痴呆,发病辜仅次于Alzheimer病,成为老年期痴呆的常见原因。其病因和发病机制不详,以细胞内路易体和路易神经元为病理特征,以波动性认知功能障碍、持续存在的视幻觉和锥体外系运动功能障碍为临床特点。诊断主要依据特征性的临床表现、神经心理测试和影像学检查。目前尚无特效治疗,主要为对症治疗,可用小剂量左旋多巴、胆碱酯酶抑制剂,慎用神经安定剂。     

路易体痴呆

路易体痴呆 (dementia of L ewy body,DL B)是一种以波动性认知障碍、持久的注意障碍、视空间障碍以及持续复杂的视幻觉、轻度锥体外系表现为特征 ,病理上有路易体的变性疾病 [1 ]。Okazaki在 196 1年报道了两例患者 ,随后越来越受到人们的注意。目前 ,DL B被认为是仅次于阿尔茨海默病 (AD)的痴呆 ,AD在痴呆中占 5 0～ 6 0 % ,DL B占 15～ 2 5 % [2 ]。一、DL B的病理学特征 :1.路易体 (L B) :是诊断 DL B的关键。F.H.L ewy在1912年首先描述 L B是一种球型、胞浆内的嗜酸性神经元包涵体 ,也可见于胞外。脑干路易体 (经典型 L B)…     

帕金森病痴呆与路易体痴呆

帕金森病(PD)是一种常见的神经系统变性疾病。其主要病理特征是黑质多巴胺能神经元的变性死亡和残存神经元内路易体(LB)形成。部分PD患者在疾病进展中并发痴呆表现,称帕金森病痴呆(PDD)和路易体痴呆(DLB)都具synuclein蛋白此特征性病理改变,两者在认知、精神症状和锥体外系症状上很相似,在病理学、临床表现上有很大重叠。本文就PDD与DLB、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、PD的鉴别及联系的最新研究作一综述。     

路易体痴呆八例临床分析

目的探讨路易体痴呆的临床特征,诊断和治疗。方法对8例临床诊断的路易体痴呆患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果8例患者的首发症状均为波动性认知功能障碍,伴随持续存在的视幻觉和帕金森综合征表现。主要为中度痴呆,视空结构能力损害明显;波动性认知功能障碍(FC)评分为4~10,平均7 4±2 1,为轻至中度波动;统一帕金森病等级量表(UPDRS)评分为31 ~71,平均47 8±14 3。1例有快眼动相(REM)睡眠行为障碍的患者REM睡眠期颏下肌电图出现大量电活动。8例患者头部MRI及CT扫描均显示脑萎缩。1例脑单光子发射计算机体层摄影术(SPECT)检查显示纹状体多巴胺功能受损。左旋多巴和胆碱酯酶抑制剂盐酸多奈哌齐治疗有效。结论路易体痴呆的临床特征为波动性认知功能障碍、持续存在的视幻觉和锥体外系运动功能障碍,诊断以病史、神经心理测试和影像学检查为依据,左旋多巴、胆碱酯酶抑制剂可分别改善患者的锥体外系症状和认知功能障碍。     

路易体痴呆26例临床分析

目的总结路易体痴呆(dementia with Lewy bodies,DLB)的临床特征及神经影像学特点。方法收集2012年2月-2018年11月于新乡医学院第一附属医院诊治的26例可能的或很可能的DLB患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组患者男19例,女7例,平均发病年龄(66. 73±7. 58)岁。以认知症状为首发者占65%,帕金森样症状首发者占19%,38%的患者认知障碍波动明显,77%的患者出现帕金森样症状,62%的患者出现幻觉,50%的患者出现快速眼球运动期睡眠行为障碍,65%的患者伴随自主神经功能障碍。59%(13/22)患者的头部核磁检查显示海马结构无萎缩或轻度萎缩,7例患者的18F-FDG PET检查均表现为以双侧顶枕叶为著的脑代谢减低模式,2例患者的11C-CFT PET检查均表现为双侧基底节转运体摄取减低。结论 DLB多数以认知症状起病者,帕金森样症状、幻觉、快速眼动期行为障碍和精神症状是其主要表现,神经影像学检查有助于DLB的临床诊断。     

路易体痴呆的诊断

目的 探讨路易体痴呆(dementia with Lewy body，DLB)的早期诊断。方法 根据病理确诊的1例DLB患者和3例临床诊断DLB患者的症状、体征和影像学变化，分析DLB的临床特征。结果 4例息者都有以下特点：(1)波动性进行性痴呆；(2)生动的视幻觉；(3)锥体外系症状；(4)对神经安定剂敏感。结论 根据以上特点，生前诊断DLB是可能的，对疑诊DLB的患者应慎用神经安定剂和抗胆碱能类药物。     

路易体痴呆和帕金森病痴呆研究进展

<正>路易体痴呆(dementia with Lewy bodies,DLB)是以痴呆和帕金森综合征为主要临床表现、仅次于阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)的第二常见的神经变性性痴呆。在帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者中,痴呆的患病率约为30%~40%[1]。典型帕金森病痴呆(Parkinson disease dementia,PDD)与DLB的诊断依据痴呆     

易误诊为路易体痴呆的神经梅毒1例

<正>近年神经梅毒发病率逐渐增高,但因其仍较少见,临床表现具有不典型性和复杂多样性,极易误诊,为提高对本病的认识,现将本院收治的1例极易误诊为路易体痴呆的神经梅毒患者报道如下,并结合文献进行讨论。1临床资料男,54岁。因"四肢抖动、记忆力下降3月,行走不稳1周"于2015年7月5日入院。患者于3月来不自主四肢抖动、记忆力下降,近1周出现行走不稳。既往有高血压病史1     

Treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is known for its partial resistance and hypersensitivity to some treatments, but DLB is treatable with cholinesterase inhibitors, sometimes better than in Alzheimer's disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors have a symptomatic effect on cognition and behavior. Nevertheless, new antipsychotics are sometimes also useful to manage psychotic symptoms. Although DLB patients respond less well to levodopa than patients with Parkinson's disease, 75 percent of DLB patients improve with levodopa, which is the best-tolerated dopaminergic agent. Nonpharmacological strategies include speech therapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and educational support groups for care givers.     

Neuroimaging of dementia with Lewy bodies

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a relative newcomer to the field of late-life dementia. Although a diversity of imaging methodologies is now available for the study of dementia, these have been applied most often to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies on DLB, although fewer, have yielded fascinating and important insights into the underlying pathophysiology of this condition and allowed clinical differentiation of DLB from other dementias. Imaging research on DLB has had significant ramifications in terms of raising the profile of DLB and helping define it as a distinctive and separate disease entity from AD.     

Lewy bodies and dementia

The discovery of widely distributed Lewy bodies (LBs) in the brains of patients with dementia has stimulated much clinical and pathologic inquiry. This clinico-pathologic syndrome is now referred to as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Diagnostic criteria for DLB proposed at a workshop in 1995 are receiving detailed scrutiny. The criteria are complex to apply, and appear to have high specificity, but variable sensitivity. Neuropathologic studies have been aided by the development of probes against a-synuclein, a key component of LBs. Widespread LBs in limbic or cortical areas contribute to dementia. Pharmacologic management of cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with DLB is being explored. There is evidence that cholinesterase inhibitors may have beneficial effects.     

Microbleeds in dementia with Lewy bodies

Journal of Neurology - Microbleeds are associated with the development of dementia in older people and are common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Their prevalence and clinical importance in...     

A case study in the treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies

OBJECTIVE: To describe the assessment and treatment of an elderly woman with parkinsonism, progressive memory and cognitive deficits, and visual hallucinations. METHOD: The patient presented with a 10-year history of hand tremors, an 8-year history of short-term memory problems, and a 3-4-year history of visual hallucinations. Treatment with donepezil and rivastigmine (successively) did not produce the desired benefits. Then she was started on galantamine 4 mg b.i.d. (escalated to 8 mg b.i.d.). RESULTS: The patient's social interaction improved and cognitive decline appeared to be stabilized; hallucinations and agitation were also better controlled. CONCLUSION: By current criteria, this subject would be labeled as having Parkinson's disease with dementia, although she exhibited the core features of dementia with Lewy body disease. As suggested in previous studies, cholinesterase inhibitors may be effective in treating psychotic symptoms; however, all currently available agents may not be equally effective.     

An autopsied case of dementia with Lewy bodies with supranuclear gaze palsy

A 66-year-old man had suffered from a slow and steady decline in both physical and cognitive function for four years. He showed bradykinesia and small step gait with supranuclear vertical gaze palsy, especially upward gaze palsy. He was started on levodopa therapy but without response. A diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy was clinically suspected. He died at age 69. Pathologically, many alpha-synuclein positive inclusions were detected both in the brain stem and cerebral cortices, and the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies was made. Scattered alpha-synuclein-positive inclusions and threads, which may be a pathological substrate for supranuclear gaze palsy, were identified in the rostal midbrain. From a review of five cases of dementia with Lewy bodies with supranuclear gaze palsy including this case, the absence of falls in the early stage of the disease, fluctuation of cognition, hallucination and vertical gaze palsy with a more severe defect in the upward direction distinguished dementia with Lewy bodies with vertical gaze palsy from progressive supranuclear palsy. In the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism with gaze palsy, clinicians should consider dementia with Lewy bodies with gaze palsy as well as progressive supranuclear palsy.     

Pharmacologic therapy of dementia with Lewy bodies

As a clinicopathologically defined entity, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has overlapping features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Analogous characteristics of DLB offer a provisional rationale for pharmacologic therapy based on remediating cholinergic and dopaminergic deficits, respectively. However, the distinct clinical manifestations and pathophysiologic substrates of DLB pose unique therapeutic opportunities and challenges. More severe cholinergic deficits in DLB relative to AD support clinical evidence that cholinergic therapy may be particularly beneficial in DLB patients. In contrast, DLB patients are generally more sensitive to the adverse effects of antipsychotic agents, warranting caution in treating visual hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms. Similarly, parkinsonian motor signs in DLB, often manifest as rigidity and bradykinesia, may be less amenable to dopaminergic therapies than in PD. Increasing recognition of DLB as a common form of dementia in the elderly underscores the need for large-scale, placebo-controlled therapeutic trials.     

Quetiapine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome in dementia with Lewy bodies: a case report

Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of neuroleptics; this sensitivity is included among the clinical diagnostic criteria for DLB. Recently atypical neuroleptics, which carry less risk of extrapyramidal side effects than typical agents, have come into increasing use in treating psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbances related to DLB. The present report is the first to describe a DLB patient who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) induced by quetiapine, an atypical neuroleptic known to have relatively infrequent extrapyramidal side effects in DLB patients. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of the occurrence of NMS in DLB even when atypical neuroleptics are administered.