骨髓瘤独特型抗原负载树突细胞介导的抗肿瘤效应研究

目的:研究骨髓瘤独特型抗原(Idiotype,Id)负载树突细胞(DC)对同源细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)体外抗瘤活性的影响。方法:采集健康供者外周血单个核细胞(PBMNC)用常规方法诱导DC和CIK细胞,将骨髓瘤OPM-2细胞培养上清提取的Id冲击或未冲击的DC与CIK细胞共培养(CIK、DC加CIK、Id-DC加CIK),用流式细胞术分析细胞表型,MTT法检测体外效应细胞杀伤活性。结果:在(5～20):1效靶比范围内, CIK细胞对OPM-2和K562细胞的杀伤率分别为(24．47±3．00)％～(40．64±1．62)％和(23．36±1．51)％～(42．52±2．06)％。DC加CIK及Id—DC加CIK对OPM-2和K562细胞的杀伤活性均高于CIK组,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);而在相同效靶比之下,Id-DC加CIK对OPM-2细胞的杀伤活性最强,差异有统计学意义(P <0．05)。结论:CIK细胞对骨髓瘤细胞有强的杀伤活性,经Id负载的DC与CIK细胞共培养能进一步增强其特异性杀伤活性,对骨髓瘤可能有免疫治疗作用。     

脐血DC与CIK共培养对白血病K562细胞杀伤活性的影响

目的观察细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）与同源树突状细胞（DC）共培养后DC—CIK细胞的增殖活性、表型的变化及其对白血病K562细胞杀伤活性的影响。方法采集健康产妇分娩正常足月胎儿脐血50ml,密度梯度离心法分离出脐血单个核细胞培养。收集非贴壁细胞用于诱导培养CIK,贴壁细胞诱导分化出成熟DC;将成熟DC和CIK按1：5的比例混合培养3d,用MTT法检测Dc—CIK共培养细胞对白血病K562细胞杀伤活性。结果DC与CIK共培养后,DC—CIK细胞群的增殖活性和杀伤活性明显高于单纯CIK。结论DC—CIK共培养可明显提高CIK增殖活性和细胞毒作用。     

脐血CIK细胞对耐药白血病细胞体外杀伤效应及其机制的研究

目的:探索干预或克服白血病细胞耐药的新策略.方法:采用抗CD3McAb联合多种细胞因子诱导的脐血杀伤细胞(CB-CIK)体外作用于K562耐药细胞株(K562/A02),用MTT比色法检测其杀伤效应;用免疫组化染色法检测杀伤前后K562/A02细胞表面多药耐药基因mdr1表达产物P170水平;采用DNA凝胶电泳进行CB-CIK细胞诱导白血病细胞凋亡的检测.结果:①CB-CIK细胞杀伤K562/A02细胞活性(73.647±5.72)与杀伤K562细胞活性(75.124±4.36)相比差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;其杀瘤活性显著高于CB-LAK细胞、CB-CD3AK细胞,P<0.05,与成人CB-CIK细胞相比差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.②经CIK细胞杀伤后,K562/A02细胞表面mdr1表达产物P170含量明显减少.③K562/A02细胞在CIK细胞作用20 h后,其DNA结构断裂,在DNA凝胶电泳上呈现凋亡特有的梯形图谱(DNA Ladder).结论:CB-CIK细胞对K562细胞及其耐药株K562/A02细胞均有较强的杀伤作用,其杀伤机制可能与CIK细胞能下调白血病细胞表面多药耐药基因mdr1表达产物P170水平,以及诱导白血病细胞凋亡有关.提示脐血CIK细胞在抗白血病多药耐药性方面具有独特的优势,若与化疗联合使用,有可能成为克服白血病细胞多药耐药性的一种可供选择的新策略,因脐血的来源较广,采制相对简便,该研究方法可能具有广泛的应用前景.     

体外培养的树突状细胞与细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞相互作用的研究

目的 观察同源的树突状细胞（DC）与细胞因子诱导的杀伤（CIK）细胞于体外同一培养体系共同培养时的相互影响,为临床联合应用DC和CIK细胞进行肿瘤生物治疗提供依据.方法 用无血清培养基进行DC和CIK细胞的体外培养制作,共同培养1 w后,检测CIK细胞免疫表型、杀瘤活性的变化以及DC分泌IL-12的变化.结果 DC与CIK细胞的共培养会增加CIK细胞的CD3CD56双阳性细胞的比例和非特异性增强对K562细胞的杀伤活性;同时增强DC分泌IL-12的能力.结论 体外共培养DC与CIK细胞可相互增强抗肿瘤免疫活性.     

树突状细胞致敏的肿瘤疫苗对胰腺癌细胞的杀伤效应

目的:研究胰腺癌细胞冻融物致敏树突状细胞(DC)诱导的细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)对原代培养的自体胰腺癌细胞的杀伤作用．方法:从6例手术切除的胰腺癌组织中分离胰腺癌细胞,反复冻融获得肿瘤抗原;以该肿瘤抗原致敏外周血DC,诱导T细胞转变为CTL;采用Cr51释放法观察CTL对原代培养的自身胰腺癌细胞的杀伤活性,分别以来源于胰腺癌细胞株Pancl的肿瘤抗原致敏DC和未致敏DC刺激的CTL作为抗原对照和阴性对照．结果:实验组CTL对自身细胞的杀伤活性为69．05%±15．79%→88．05%±15．34％,抗原对照组CTL的杀伤活性为43．08％±6．92％→67．30％±8．91％,两组CTL杀伤率均显著高于阴性对照组(P<0．01);而实验组与抗原对照组相比,前者的杀伤活性显著高于后者者(P<0．05)．结论:胰腺癌细胞冻融物致敏的DC疫苗可以诱导T细胞产生高效的针对自体癌细胞的细胞毒效应;新鲜肿瘤组织来源的胰腺癌细胞比传代的Pancl细胞具有更好的抗原性．     

脐带血DCs对CIK细胞杀伤活性的影响研究

目的：探讨相同来源脐带血DCs对CIK细胞杀伤活性的影响作用。方法：采用相同来源的脐带血单个核细胞分别制备树突状细胞，CIK细胞，用流式细胞术检测免疫表型，MTT法检测CIK和CIK＋DC对K562，HL－60两种肿瘤细胞株的杀伤活性。结果：脐带血DC高表达CD1a,HLA-DR,CD80,CD86等抗原，CIK细胞是以CD3^ T细胞为主的异质性细胞群体，随培养时间延长CD3^ CD56^ 细胞比例明显升高，DC不改变CIK的免疫表型，但能明显促进其对K562和HL－60的杀伤活性（P＜0．05），结论：适量DC能增强CIK的杀伤活性，为DC的免疫治疗提供了新的思路。     

树突状细胞联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞对胃癌细胞杀伤作用

目的探讨树突状细胞联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞对胃癌细胞的杀伤作用。方法采用胃癌患者自身血液中单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC),经体外诱导分别扩增出DC和CIK细胞,二者共同培养后,利用MTT法检测DC细胞联合CIK细胞体外杀伤人胃癌细胞株(MNK-45、MNK-28、SG-7901)的活性。结果DC与CIK细胞共培养后得到的细胞群高表达CD3 CD56 ,平均值达到(56.74±7.63)%。通过彼此相互作用诱导出的细胞群体对胃癌细胞株MNK-45、MNK-28、SG-7901有杀伤作用,且杀伤活性随着效靶比的增加而增强。结论DC与CIK细胞共培养后有很强的增殖能力,对胃癌细胞具有杀伤活性,且其杀伤作用与胃癌细胞类型无相关性。     

DC与CIK或LAK联合对结肠癌细胞株SW480杀伤作用的研究

[目的]研究树突状细胞(DC)联合细胞因子诱导或未诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)或淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞(LAK)对结肠癌细胞株SW480的杀伤活性.提供DC联合CIK或LAK治疗结肠癌的实验依据.[方法]取人外周血分离出单个核细胞(PBMNC),诱导生成DC、CIK、LAK细胞;流式细胞仪检测DC经SW480肿瘤抗原冲击后的表型变化;以CIK+DC细胞、CIK细胞、LAK+DC细胞及LAK细胞作为效应细胞,SW480为靶细胞,以15∶1、30∶1、45∶1为效靶比,LDH释放法测定细胞杀伤试验活性;ELISA检测杀伤试验中干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-12、IL-17的分泌水平.[结果]流式细胞仪检测DC经SW480肿瘤抗原冲击后,其表面分子HLA-DR、CD40、CD80和CD86表达分别平均为90.23％、73.68％、85.96％、57.55％,与未经肿瘤抗原冲击DC比较,DC成熟的表面标志分子表达明显增加(P＜0.01).相同效靶比下,CIK+DC细胞组对SW480的杀伤作用最强,明显高于其他细胞组(P＜0.01);CIK+ DC细胞组在效靶比为45∶1时,杀伤活性最强(P＜0.01);单独CIK细胞组的杀伤活性明显高于LAK+DC细胞组(P＜0.01);LAK+ DC细胞组的杀伤活性明显高于单独LAK细胞组(P＜0.01).效靶比为45∶1时,各杀伤试验细胞组上清液中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12、IL-17的分泌量,CIK+DC细胞组的IFN-γ、IL-12的分泌量显著高于其他细胞组(P＜0.05);LAK+DC、单独LAK细胞组IL-2的分泌量明显高于CIK+DC、单独CIK细胞组(P＜0.05);单独CIK细胞组IFN-γ的分泌量明显高于LAK+DC、单独LAK细胞组(P＜0.05).[结论]CIK+DC细胞组对SW480的杀伤活性明显强于单独CIK、LAK+ DC组、单独LAK细胞组.其机制可能是,SW480抗原致敏的DC分泌IFN-γ、IL-12等刺激、诱导CIK细胞的活化和增殖,明显增强CIK细胞杀伤SW480的活性.     

树突状细胞增强细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞抗神经胶质瘤细胞作用及机制研究

目的探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）与树突状细胞（DC）共培养后DC-CIK混合细胞抗神经胶质瘤细胞的免疫作用。方法分离健康人外周血单个核细胞,分别于体外诱导DC和CIK,然后共培养成DC-CIK细胞。实验分DC组、DC-CIK组、DC-T组和CIK组。Elisa试剂盒检测各组培养上清中IL-12和IFN．1的含量,流式细胞仪检测细胞表型,CCK一8法体外检测对神经胶质瘤细胞的杀伤活性。结果DC-CIK组培养上清中IL-12和IFN-1的含量分别为（110．24±2．22）mg／L和INF·Y／（913．46±20．64）mg／L,明显高于其它三组（P〈0．05）。DC—CIK组cDi细胞（61．34-1．31）％、CD3／CD56细胞（29．4±1．03）％也明显增加（P〈0．05）。对神经胶质瘤细胞的杀伤活性,DC—CIK组为（54．67±2．62）％,与DC组（19．44±1．07）％、DC—T组（21．27±1．85）％和CIK组（36．52±2．06）％比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论DC—CIK细胞能诱导明显的神经胶质瘤细胞杀伤活性,为颅内肿瘤的免疫治疗提供了依据。     

脐血DC-CIK共培养体外抗肿瘤效应及趋化性的实验研究

目的探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）与同源树突状细胞（DC）共培养后对人白血病K562细胞、人淋巴瘤raji细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的杀伤作用及CIK细胞的趋化性。方法采集健康产妇分娩的正常足月胎儿脐血,分离单个核细胞,诱导培养CIK、DC细胞。将成熟DC和CIK混合培养3d,用MTT法检测CIK、DC-CIK对K562、raji、MCF-7细胞的杀伤活性;趋化试验检测CIK细胞的趋化性。结果 CIK、DC-CIK细胞对K562、raji、MCF-7细胞均具有较强的杀伤作用,DC-CIK杀伤活性明显高于CIK。趋化试验显示,IL-8、MCP-1作用后穿过微孔滤膜的细胞数明显高于阴性对照。结论 DC-CIK共培养可明显提高CIK对K562、raji、MCF-7细胞的杀伤作用,IL-8、MCP-1对CIK细胞存在趋化性。     

Immunotherapy with cells

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Phenotypic characteristics of T cells interacted with synovial cells

We demonstrated the phenotypic characteristics of T cells interacted with synovial fibroblast-like cells. A small percentage of peripheral blood T cells adhered to synovial fibroblast-like cells. When synovial cells were treated with interferon-gamma or interleukin-1 beta, the percentage of T cells that adhered to the treated cells markedly increased in comparison with the value for untreated synovial cells. The kinesis of T cell adherence to treated synovial cells differed from that of HLA-DR antigen expression on synovial cells. T cell adherence was not blocked by mouse monoclonal anti-HLA-DR and anti-HLA-ABC antibodies. The phenotypes of the adherent and nonadherent T cells were investigated with a flow cytometer. The CD29 + subset was more adhesive than the CD45RA + subset to IL-1 beta-stimulated synovial cells. The proportions of high density lymphocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1 alpha and LFA-1 beta were greater in the adherent than in the nonadherent T cells, and the mean fluorescence intensities of LFA-1 alpha, LFA-1 beta and CD2 molecules on adherent T cells were significantly higher than those on nonadherent T cells. Our results support the concept that an interaction between infiltrating lymphocytes and synovial cells occurs in the synovium, resulting in the initiation and perpetuation of immune responses in synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis.     

Probiotic modulation of dendritic cells co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells

AIM:To investigate cytokine production and cell surface phenotypes of dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.METHODS:Mouse DC were cultured alone or together with mouse epithelial cell monolayers in normal or inverted systems and were stimulated with heat-killed probiotic bacteria,Bifidobacterium lactis AD011 (BL),Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 (BB),Lactobacillus casei IBS041 (LC),and Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031 (LA),for 12 h.Cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and phenotypic analysis of DC was investigated by flow cytometry.RESULTS:BB and LC in single-cultured DC increased the expression of I-Ad,CD86 and CD40 (I-Ad,18.51 vs 30.88,46.11;CD86,62.74 vs 92.7,104.12;CD40,0.67 vs 6.39,3.37,P 0.05).All of the experimental probiot-ics increased the production of inflammatory cytokines,interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.However,in the normal co-culture systems,LC and LA decreased the expression of I-A d (39.46 vs 30.32,33.26,P 0.05),and none of the experimental probiotics increased the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α.In the inverted coculture systems,LC decreased the expression of CD40 (1.36 vs-2.27,P 0.05),and all of the experimental probiotics decreased the levels of IL-6.In addition,BL increased the production of IL-10 (103.8 vs 166.0,P 0.05) and LC and LA increased transforming growth factor-β secretion (235.9 vs 618.9,607.6,P 0.05).CONCLUSION:These results suggest that specific probiotic strains exert differential immune modulation mediated by the interaction of dendritic cells and epithelial cells in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract.     

干细胞、肿瘤干细胞与肿瘤发生

肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤研究的一个新热点,指出肿瘤可能是由肿瘤干细胞产生,肿瘤干细胞则由正常干细胞恶变形成.正常干细胞的特有性状,使其较成体细胞更易成为肿瘤发生的靶细胞.干细胞可能经基因突变、异常不对称分裂和细胞融合转化为肿瘤干细胞.利用不同的蛋白标志物或荧光探针,通过流式细胞仪分选是发现肿瘤干细胞的主要方法.已证实的肿瘤干细胞皆具有强大的自我更新和增殖能力,以及细胞分化潜能.针对肿瘤干细胞的检测和杀伤,可能为肿瘤早期诊断和治疗带来希望.     

B-lymphoid cells with attributes of dendritic cells regulate T cells via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

A discrete population of splenocytes with attributes of dendritic cells (DCs) and coexpressing the B-cell marker CD19 is uniquely competent to express the T-cell regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in mice treated with TLR9 ligands (CpGs). Here we show that IDO-competent cells express the B-lineage commitment factor Pax5 and surface immunoglobulins. CD19 ablation abrogated IDO-dependent T-cell suppression by DCs, even though cells with phenotypic attributes matching IDO-competent cells developed normally and expressed IDO in response to interferon γ. Consequently, DCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs) did not acquire T-cell regulatory functions after TLR9 ligation, providing an alternative perspective on the known T-cell regulatory defects of CD19-deficient mice. DCs from B-cell–deficient mice expressed IDO and mediated T-cell suppression after TLR9 ligation, indicating that B-cell attributes were not essential for B-lymphoid IDO-competent cells to regulate T cells. Thus, IDO-competent cells constitute a distinctive B-lymphoid cell type with quintessential T-cell regulatory attributes and phenotypic features of both B cells and DCs.