内脏动脉瘤诊治经验

目的　探讨内脏动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法　对 71例内脏动脉瘤的诊断和治疗进行回顾性总结。结果　 71例内脏动脉瘤中包括脾动脉瘤 2 2例 ,肝动脉瘤 16例 ,腹腔干动脉瘤 4例 ,胃、胰十二指肠动脉瘤 13例 ,肠系膜上、下动脉瘤分别为 6例和 1例 ,网膜动脉瘤 3例 ,肾动脉瘤 6例。本组自发性破裂大出血 2 9例 ,其中破裂入胆道 14例 ,上消化道 10例 ,腹腔及腹膜后 5例。术前经内脏动脉造影确诊 (包括DSA) 4 2例 ,螺旋CT血管造影 (SCTA)证实 14例 ,经核磁共振血管造影 (MRA)确诊 4例。手术治疗 5 8例 ,死亡 9例 ;动脉栓塞治疗 7例。结论　内脏动脉瘤术前临床诊断极为困难。DSA、SCTA和MRA具有诊断价值。一旦确诊 ,应尽早手术治疗。     

内脏动脉瘤的诊断与治疗

目的　探讨内脏动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法　回顾性总结我院40 多年来收治的62 例内脏动脉瘤的临床经验。结果　本组包括肝动脉瘤15 例,胃胰十二指肠动脉瘤13 例,脾动脉瘤16 例,肾动脉瘤6 例,肠系膜上、下动脉瘤分别为5 例和1 例,腹腔干动脉瘤3 例,网膜动脉瘤3 例。本组自发性破裂大出血29 例,其中破裂入胆管14 例,上消化道10 例,腹腔及腹膜后5 例。本组术前经内脏动脉造影确诊37 例,经磁共振( MRI) 及数字减影血管造影术( DSA) 确诊各2 例,另6 例由螺旋CT 动脉造影(SCTA) 诊断。手术治疗51 例,死亡9 例,动脉栓塞治疗6 例。结论　内脏动脉瘤术前临床诊断极为困难,选择性内脏动脉造影( 包括DSA) 最具诊断价值,一旦确诊应尽早手术治疗     

三维增强核磁共振血管造影在内脏动脉瘤诊治中的应用

目的 探讨三维增强核磁共振血管造影在内脏动脉瘤诊治中的临床价值.方法 对43例内脏动脉瘤患者行三维增强MR血管造影检查,19例同期行数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA).三维增强MR血管造影用屏气超快速三维梯度回波序列,图像减影后进行三维重建.结果 43例共50个内脏动脉瘤,涉及脾动脉32个(其中5例脾动脉异位起源于肠系膜上动脉),占64%;肠系膜上动脉7个(14%),腹腔动脉干5个(1例为腹腔系膜干),肾动脉4个,肝动脉2个.三维增强MR血管造影能清楚显示动脉瘤部位、大小、形态,并在立体直观显示动脉瘤及其与周围血管脏器关系方面优于DSA.43例中,行栓塞治疗15例,手术9例,保守观察19例.结论 三维增强MR血管造影能尤创、准确诊断内脏动脉瘤,所提供的三维解剖细节有助于临床治疗方案的制定,可作为内脏动脉瘤的首选检查方法.     

腹部手术后腹腔干分支假性动脉瘤消化道瘘的临床分析：附5例分析

目的:总结分析腹部手术后腹腔干分支假性动脉瘤消化道瘘导致的迟发性消化道大出血的诊断和治疗。方法:回顾性分析自2013年1月—2014年9月腹部肿瘤术后上消化道大出血经造影证实腹腔干分支假性动脉瘤消化道瘘的5例患者的临床资料。结果:5例患者消化道出血时间平均为术后53.6 d;假性动脉瘤位于脾动脉2例,位于肝总动脉2例,位于左肝动脉1例;造影后行栓塞治疗4例,行覆膜支架置入1例。无术后严重并发症及围手术死亡病例。随访时间6~16个月,无再次假性动脉瘤破裂出血,肝总动脉覆膜支架置入患者于8个月猝死,原因未明。结论:腹腔干分支假性动脉瘤消化道瘘是腹部手术后罕见而又致命的并发症,应提高该病的认识,其诊断及治疗首选动脉造影及血管腔内治疗,避免医源性损伤可能是减少该病发生的关键。     

脾动脉瘤27例诊治分析

目的 探讨脾动脉瘤的早期诊断和治疗方法。方法 对1957年9月－2000年6月诊治的27例脾动脉瘤作一回顾性分析。结果 27例脾动脉瘤中伴动脉粥样硬化12例,门静脉高压症9例,胰腺炎2例,外伤2例,肌纤维发育不良及细菌性心内膜炎所致各1例。发生自发性破裂大出血4例（14．8％）。术前20例经彩超及彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）检查初步确诊16例;5例经螺旋CT血管造影（SCTA）、5例经选择性内脏动脉造影、5例数字减影血管造影（DSA）、例经磁共振血管造影三维重建（3D MRA）而确诊;术前依靠临床表现获诊断仅1例;11例经手术探查确诊。本组行包括胰尾脾的脾动脉瘤切除术11例,脾动脉瘤切除加脾动脉重建术6例,脾动脉瘤切除术未重建脾动脉3例,动脉瘤近远端脾动脉结扎术3例,介入栓塞术4例。无死亡病例。结论 重视和警惕脾动脉瘤的可能并通过CDFI、SCTA、3D MRA及DSA等影象技术对脾动脉瘤作出早期诊断;一旦确诊应根据病情微创、安全、有效的腔内介入栓塞治疗或尽早手术。     

紧邻腹腔干脾真性动脉瘤的手术治疗：附7 例报告

目的：探讨紧邻腹腔干脾动脉瘤的治疗方法。 方法：回顾性分析2000年1月—2012年6月收治的7例紧邻腹腔干脾动脉瘤患者临床资料。 结果：7例术前均经彩超、CT及血管造影检查确诊,均在全身麻醉下手术治疗,包括动脉瘤切除、肾下主动脉—脾动脉人工血管转流4例;动脉瘤切除、脾脏切除2例;多发动脉瘤切除、脾动脉结扎、脾切除1例。手术后10~14 d治愈出院,随访2~14年,存活5例,死亡2例,其中1例主-脾转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗死,1例动脉瘤切除+脾切除术后5年死于急性脑出血。存活5例中3例为主-脾动脉转流者（1例术后2年吻合口逐渐狭窄,术后6年完全闭塞,但未见脾脏梗塞,余2例未出现吻合口狭窄或假性动脉瘤）;2例为动脉瘤切除+脾脏切除者。 结论：动脉瘤切除+脾动脉重建是治疗紧邻腹腔干脾真性动脉瘤的有效方法。     

腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉共干部动脉瘤的切除和血管重建探讨

目的探讨腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉畸形共干部真性动脉瘤的切除以及血管重建的手术治疗方法。方法回顾性总结1998年2月至2006年4月6例患者临床资料,均在全身麻醉下行动脉瘤切除,肾下主动脉与肝动脉、脾动脉、肠系膜上动脉行转流手术5例,行主动脉肝动脉转流、肠系膜上动脉成形术1例。结果均获得临床治愈,随访观察2月~8年,无一例复发。结论腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉畸形共干部动脉瘤切除,主动脉与内脏动脉转流或重建是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Ƣ������9�����ξ���

目的总结9例脾动脉瘤的临床治疗经验。方法1999年12月至2003年3月上海第二医科大学附属仁济医院经多普勒B超、CT、数字减影血管造影术(DSA)或磁共振成像(MRI)检查9例病人术前确诊为脾动脉瘤。手术方法包括动脉瘤体近远端动脉结扎术2例，动脉瘤切除脾动脉重建2例，动脉瘤切除、动脉瘤-门静脉内瘘关闭、脾切除1例，动脉瘤伴胰体尾部切除加脾切除4例。结果随访5个月至3年所有病人均手术治愈。无死亡及严重并发症。随访期间无动脉瘤复发或上消化道出血，腹水消失。结论脾动脉瘤一般起病隐匿．很少有临床症状。选择性内脏动脉造影最具有诊断价值。手术切除是脾动脉瘤最可靠的治疗方法，由于动脉瘤有破裂可能，有症状的脾动脉瘤是手术治疗的绝对指征。     

多层螺旋CT腹腔干重建在腹腔镜胃癌根治术术前评价的价值

目的评价多层螺旋CT血管造影（multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA）对腹腔干及其分支血管的三维重建能力,探讨MSCTA在进展期胃癌腹腔镜手术前的评估价值。方法25例拟行腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术行腹部螺旋CT增强扫描,用容积再现（volume rendering,VR）进行三维血管造影（CT angiography,CTA）,根据其CTA表现评价腹腔干及其分支血管的空间解剖特征,将所得的解剖学资料与腹腔镜下血管解剖对比。结果MSCTA准确显示胃左动脉25例,胃右动脉12例,胃十二指肠动脉全部显示,其中胃十二指肠动脉2例起自肝左动脉,1例起自肝右动脉。脾动脉起源相对固定。根据MSCTA结果指导腹腔镜下进展期胃癌D2根治术,手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹。重建的腹腔干及分支与术中活体解剖完全吻合。结论MSCTA能清晰显示腹腔动脉解剖和正确的空间关系,是一种有价值的腹腔镜辅助进展期胃癌D2根治术术前检查方法,可能为相关血管周围淋巴结的清扫提供线索。     

脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及血管重建的手术探讨

目的探讨脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及脾动脉重建的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1996年1月~2007年3月收治的8例脾动脉起始部动脉瘤患者的临床资料,经彩色超声、CT和血管造影检查证实脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤;均在全身麻醉下首先阻断腹腔干起始部,远端脾动脉阻断后切除动脉瘤,1例行腹腔干-脾动脉自体静脉移植,4例行肾下主动脉-脾动脉人工血管转流,3例同时切除动脉瘤和脾脏。结果均于手术后10~14 d治愈出院。随访0.5~10年;其中1例人工血管转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗塞,余7例均健康生活,无动脉瘤复发。结论动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建是一种较好的脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的治疗方案。     

Ligation of symptomatic celiac artery aneurysm without vascular reconstruction: Utilizing the natural collateral circulation of the celiac axis: A case report

IntroductionCeliac artery aneurysm is very rare visceral artery aneurysm. Symptomatic and ≥ 2.5 cm sized aneurysm requires treatment. Excision and revascularization is the most commonly employed procedure.Case presentationWe report a case of ligation and excision of celiac artery aneurysm extending onto the splenic and hepatic arteries without vascular reconstruction. The patient was a 52 year old lady who was evaluated for abdominal pain and was found to have a celiac artery aneurysm involving the hepatic and splenic arteries. She was evaluated with computerized tomography and digital subtraction angiography of the abdominal vessels. These confirmed good natural collaterals from the branches of superior mesenteric artery supplying the liver, stomach and spleen. We performed ligation and excision of the aneurysm and ligation and division of hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries as the aneurysm was extending on to these vessels, without any vascular reconstruction, utilizing the natural collaterals from the superior mesenteric artery.DiscussionLigation of celiac artery aneurysm without revascularization is often done in emergency situations. Excision and revascularization is the treatment of choice to ensure adequate blood supply to liver, spleen and stomach. We could utilize the natural collateral circulation of celiac artery from superior mesenteric artery avoiding a complex procedure of revascularization.ConclusionWe present this because of the rarity of the disease as well as rarity of the technique of not performing vascular reconstruction. We emphasize on the pre-operative and operative evaluation of collateral circulation with conventional angiography and intraoperative Doppler respectively.     

Surgical treatment of celiac artery aneurysm: in situ aortoceliac artery reanastomosis: a case report

The authors present a rare case of celiac artery aneurysm treated by aneurysmectomy and vascular reconstruction, and they review the past literature. A 57-year-old man was referred to their hospital with a complaint of epigastric discomfort. Abdominal echography, 3-dimensional computed tomography, and selective angiography showed a sole celiac artery aneurysm. At operation, the origin of the celiac artery and adjacent aorta was exposed through a midline transperitoneal approach alone. A 25 x 20 x 25 mm fusiform aneurysm of the celiac artery was found 5 mm distal from its origin. Aneurysmectomy and in situ aortoceliac artery reanastomosis was performed buttressed with a doughnut-shaped Teflon felt under the partial clamp of the abdominal aorta. The left gastric artery arising from the aneurysm was ligated. Postoperative angiography showed good patency of the splenic and common hepatic arteries. He had an uneventful postoperative course with no aggravation of the liver function and was discharged 11 days after operation. Pathological examination of the aneurysmal wall revealed medial degeneration with a tear of the internal elastic lamina and intimal edema. In situ aortoceliac artery reanastomosis after aneurysmectomy, as was done in this case, has not been previously documented in the past literature.     

Infected False Hepatic Artery Aneurysm after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Treated by Resection and Reno-Hepatic Vein Graft

Staphylococcus aureus. A subhepatic collection was found on sonography and CT scan and also cultured positive for the same germ. Arteriograms demonstrated a celiac artery dissection associated with a false anastomotic aneurysm of the hepatic artery. Surgical treatment consisted of arterial reconstruction using a saphenous vein graft between the right renal artery and the hepatic artery of the transplant, followed by resection of the hepatic artery aneurysm and the celiac artery. Hepatic ischemia was 12 min. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative angiograms showed that the reconstruction was patent at 5 years.     

Spontaneous Isolated Dissection of the Celiac Trunk with Rupture of the Proximal Splenic Artery: A Case Report

IntroductionSpontaneous visceral artery dissection is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain. Complications are ischemia, aneurysm formation and rupture. We present a case with synchronous rupture of the splenic artery causing massive bleeding and demanding urgent surgery. To our knowledge, only 24 previous cases are reported in the literature.ReportThe patient was a 56-year-old male smoker with no previous medical history who was treated surgically with exposure of the suprarenal aorta through left-sided medial visceral rotation and isolation of the celiac artery. The origin of the bleeding was identified as a longitudinal rupture of the splenic artery just distal to the hepatic artery. The artery was ligated and splenectomy was performed because of splenic infarction. The hepatic artery was patent and no reconstruction was needed. The postoperative course was uneventful, treatment with antiplatelets and antihypertensive drugs was initiated. The patient was discharged after ten days and at monthly follow-up the patient was in good condition. CT angiography was performed six months postoperative and the celiac trunk was patent but a small aneurysm had developed.DiscussionDissection of the celiac artery is uncommon and is rarely considered in the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. The condition could be mistaken for a ruptured AAA. The condition may be underdiagnosed and it seems likely that more cases will be identified in the future as a result of the rapidly evolving vascular imaging modalities.     

Aneurysms of the visceral arteries: report of 5 cases

Visceral artery aneurysms are uncommon and usually result from atherosclerosis, periarteritis nodosa and fibromuscular dysplasia. Hepatic artery aneurysms were detected in two patient, splenic artery aneurysms in three. In four patients rupture occurred. In the two patients with hepatic artery aneurysm hemobilia from arterial rupture into the common bile duct and intraperitoneal bleeding in lesser sac was assessed. Ruptured aneurysms of the splenic artery with free intraperitoneal bleeding occurred in two patients, one patient had an asymptomatic splenic artery aneurysm. In four patients the diagnosis was made by contrast-TC and/or celiac and mesenteric angiography. In four patients excision of the aneurysm was successfully performed. One patient with ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm and in which resection and revascularization was made died.     

Endoaortic stent grafting of a giant infected hepatic-celiac pseudoaneurysm

A 72-year-old man was admitted because of progressive right upper-abdominal distension and pain as well as concurrent remittent fever for 5 months. He had undergone a radical gastrectomy and catheter intubation in the common hepatic artery for chemotherapy 12 months before admission. The diagnosis of giant infected hepatic-celiac artery pseudoaneurysm was established. Coils embolotherapy was given in another hospital, but it failed. After admission, a computed tomographic aortogram showed a mass 10.3 x 8.5 x 8.1 cm in size in the right upper abdomen that originated from the common hepatic artery and the celiac artery. A celiac-super mesenteric artery (SMA) double catheter simultaneous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) further revealed that the entrance of the aneurysm opened directly from the abdominal aorta, the distance between the orifice of SMA and celiac axis was only 0.5 cm, and the diameter of the celiac trunk had been aneurysmally enlarged to 2.0 cm. A blood culture was positive for Bacillus pyocyaneus. After detailed discussion and preparation, a stent-graft complex was negotiated through the left femoral artery and deployed successfully into the abdominal aorta to seal the orifice of celiac trunk under the dynamic supervision of DSA. Completion angiography revealed that the hepatic-celiac pseudoaneurysm was completely excluded from aortic flow by the endoluminal stent-graft complex, while the SMA and renal arteries remained perfectly patent. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged without any residual symptoms. At a 5-year follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic and was leading a normal life.     

A Ruptured Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysm Repaired by Combined Endovascular and Open Techniques

Aneurysms of the pancreaticoduodenal arteries (PDA) are rare, accounting for <2% of all visceral aneurysms. An association with celiac artery stenosis has been reported. Many present with rupture, and a high mortality can be expected. Treatment is therefore challenging. Arterial ligation, anuerysmectomy, or bypass has been the mainstay of treatment. We recently treated a patient (who had no celiac axis) with a ruptured PDA aneurysm with combined open and endovascular techniques. A 46-year-old man was transferred to our hospital with a 1-day history of abdominal pain and syncope. On admission, an abdominal and pelvis computerized tomographic (CT) scan identified a large mesenteric hematoma, a 1.9 cm PDA aneurysm, and an occluded celiac axis. Mesenteric angiography revealed no active aneurysm leak and a stenotic superior mesenteric artery (SMA) origin. All hepatic blood flow originated from the stenotic SMA via markedly enlarged PDA collaterals. The patient was brought to the operating room, where absence of the celiac axis was confirmed. An aorto-to-proper hepatic and SMA bypass was performed using a bifurcated polyester graft. The next day, the patient was brought to the angiography suite, where the PDA aneurysm was coiled. Postprocedure CT scans confirmed thrombosis of the aneurysm. Ruptured mesenteric artery aneurysms are a challenging problem for the vascular surgeon. PDA aneurysms are rare and often occur in an unfavorable location. There appears to be an association with anatomic anomalies of the mesenteric circulation. Prompt invasive and noninvasive diagnostic studies aid in the definitive management of this often fatal problem. Combined endovascular and open techniques can be used for successful treatment.     

副肝动脉瘤破裂出血的诊断与治疗

副肝动脉瘤破裂出血临床罕见,通过CT血管造影检查（CTA）或多层面重建可为临床诊断提供可靠依据,介入手术是其主要治疗手段。本研究采用介入栓塞成功治疗1例副肝动脉瘤破裂出血病例。该病人副肝动脉变异属于Michels 4型,通过CTA与数字减影血管造影检查明确变异血管出血部位,经介入栓塞治疗后随访,其治疗效果良好。