阑尾类癌1例

患者，男，53岁，因“右下腹胀痛2个月，加重2周”于2004．年9月13日住我院普外科。入院时查体：体温36．8℃，脉搏84次／min，呼吸20次／min，血压16／10．7kPa(120／80mmHg)，发育正常，营养中等；未见皮肤出血点及瘀斑、瘀点，浅表淋巴结无肿大，双肺呼吸音清，心率84次／min，律齐，心脏各瓣膜区未闻及病理性杂音；全腹膨隆，未见胃肠型及蠕动波、肌紧张，无压痛及反跳痛，未触及包块；     

介入治疗脾脏淋巴瘤一例

患者男，69岁。因“左侧腹部包块2个月，下腹部疼痛1周”入院。有高血压、脑梗死及双肾结石病史。入院查体：体温36．5℃，P80次／min，R23次／min，BP120／80mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），SPO：94％，双侧锁骨上及两侧腹股沟区可触及多个蚕豆至黄豆大小肿大淋巴结，质硬，不能推动，无压痛，胸骨无压痛，心肺无明显异常，腹膨隆，巨脾，1线12cm，     

小细胞肺癌合并抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征一例

患者,男,59岁。因咳嗽、咳痰半个月,胸片发现肺部肿块1d于2007年11月12日收入我院胸外科。胸部CT提示：左中央型肺癌伴纵隔、肺门淋巴结转移可能大,右肺中叶外侧段小结节,不排外转移。支气管镜活检病理：左肺小细胞肺癌。诊断为左肺小细胞肺癌,于11月22日转入肿瘤科。既往体健,吸烟20余年,约2包／d;白酒半斤／d。入院时查体：体温36．5℃,脉搏64次／min,呼吸17次／min,血压140／80mmHg。     

自体骨髓移植治疗急性粒细胞白血病M2a生存11a1例

患者,男,48岁,因四肢乏力,伴发热2个月于1992年4月28日入院,体温37．8℃,脉搏80次／min,呼吸18次／min。血压15．96／10．64kPa(120／80mmHg),贫血貌,浅表淋巴结未触及,心肺无异常,胸骨压痛,肝脾未触及,皮肤黏膜无紫癜或瘀斑,下肢无浮肿,神经反射正常。     

再生障碍性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合征转变的急性白血病预激方案化疗完全缓解1例

患者,男,18岁,2004年2月6日因“乏力2个月”入院。既往体健,为体校学生。入院检查：T36．5℃,P84次／min,BP14．63／9．31kPa(110／70mmHg),R18次／min,贫血面容,巩膜无黄疸,皮肤无皮疹及出血点,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大。舌黏膜正常,咽不红。胸骨无压痛,心肺未及阳性体征。腹平软,肝、脾未触及。     

促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞瘤1 例

患者女性,64岁,因下腹胀痛伴里急后重2个月于2008年8月3日入院.入院前以慢性阑尾炎抗炎治疗2周症状无缓解.CT检查发现右下腹及左下腹沿结肠生长肿物,盆腔可见直肠前子宫后肿物,肿物与相邻器官关系密切.肿瘤标志物检查CAl25、CAl99和NSE升高.行B超定位下右下腹肿物穿刺活检术,取4块组织.送天津市病理会诊中心会诊(会诊病理号3104),病理诊断:促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞瘤,免疫组化CD99(++),Syn(+).予以重组人p53腺病毒注射液(商品名:今又生,Gendicine)1×1012VP溶入100ml生理盐水中,30～60min静脉滴注给药完毕,1次/周,每4周为1个疗程.     

原发性前列腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤一例

患者男,54岁,因进行性排尿困难1年伴尿频、尿急、尿痛1个月于2006年1月5日第一次入院。患者于一年前无诱因出现尿初等待、尿线变细、排尿费力并且时间延长,未予重视。一月前出现尿频、尿急、排尿时尿道及肛周灼痛,以前列腺增生收住我院泌尿外科。既往体健。入院查体：体温36．6℃,脉搏76次／min,呼吸20次／min,血压130／80mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,神志清,精神可,全身浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,心肺腹（-）。耻骨上区无膨隆,无压痛及叩击痛,尿道无触痛。     

10例胰腺导管腺癌卵巢转移瘤的临床病理特征和预后

目的探讨胰腺导管腺癌卵巢转移瘤患者的临床病理特征和预后。方法回顾性分析1984—2018年就诊于北京协和医院经组织病理学证实的10例胰腺导管腺癌卵巢转移瘤患者的临床病理特征、治疗及随访情况。结果 10例患者的中位发病年龄为46岁, 其中8例原发肿瘤位于胰腺体尾部。8例患者诊断时即有双侧卵巢转移, 从有临床症状至发现卵巢转移的中位时间为2.5个月。全组患者均有腹膜转移, 9例患者伴血CA125升高。转移瘤以囊实性外观多见(8例次), 病理形态多表现为黏液腺癌(6例), 免疫组化无明显特征。全组患者均于发病时行卵巢姑息切除手术, 1例患者同时行原发灶切除术。7例患者行化疗。10例患者的中位生存时间为10.3个月。结论胰腺导管腺癌卵巢转移瘤容易误诊, 诊断需要结合临床表现、影像学检查和病理特征, 手术可能改善患者的预后。     

原发性肝癌自发破裂1例

患者，女，50岁，乙型肝炎病史三十余年。2007年7月30日自觉背痛难忍，数小时后自行缓解。8月2日来我院查B超示肝巨块癌伴液化坏死灶，遂收入我院肿瘤科。查CT考虑肝癌，甲胎蛋白为17855．2μg／L。为明确诊断，于8月3日超声引导下进行肝穿刺取活检，共穿刺三针，取出深红色组织碎片，术后病人无明显不适。8月5日，患者腹痛，活动时加重，腹水增多，血压从120／70mmHg降至70／40mmHg，腹腔穿刺，抽出血性液体，考虑肿瘤破裂出血，转入外科治疗，行腹腔探查止血引流术，术后病理回报肝细胞肝癌。     

罕见肺动脉内膜肉瘤一例报告

1 病例报告 患者．女，55岁。因慢性肺动脉栓塞术后10个月、肝区胀痛1个月、活动后心慌加重并呼吸困难和颜面水肿数日于2007-01-02入住我院放化疗科。体检：T36．4℃．P100次/min．R23次／min．BP120／70mmHg（1mmHg=133．322Pa）．全身浅表淋巴结未及肿大．颜面肿胀，颈静脉稍怒张．前胸正中可见一纵行手术瘢痕．呼吸较平衡，未闻及明显干、湿性罗音。心脏未闻及杂音。腹平软，肋下未触及肝肿大和包块。血常规检查和肝肾功能检查未见明显异常。     

Circadian-rhythm of tumor growth in non-vascularized tumor

Circadian-Rhythms of tumor growth rates of Walker-256 implanted in the dorsum side of hind paw of Wistar rats (Male 5-6 weeks age) were observed. Tumor size was measured at 7 A.M. and 7 P.M. The tumor growth rate was determined by the following method. Rday = T (P.M.)/T (A.M.). Rnight = T (A.M.)/T (previous P.M.). Rday and Rnight: Tumor growth rate during day and night, respectively. T: Tumor size. The tumor growth rate, for those less than 750 mm3 in size and in which tumor vessels did not form yet, was 0.10 +/- 0.5 on Rday, 0.29 +/- 0.12 on Rnight (p less than 0.05). Tumors of more than 1,500 mm3 forming tumor vessels did not show a significant difference in the degree of the tumor growth rate (Rday: 0.14 +/- 0.07; Rnight: 0.212 +/- 0.05) (p greater than 0.05). Tumors in which vessels were injured and showed microvascular disturbance due to MMC (A. i) or thermochemotherapy using warmed physiological saline injected into tumor vessels after chemotherapy, were damaged on Rday and enhanced on Rnight for 3-7 days after these kinds of treatment. The tumor in unformed tumor vessels or damaged types showed, rapid size increase at night. Therefore, the Circadian-Rhythm tumor vessels in microtumor or damaged tumor may be treated with antimetabolic agents such as 5-FU at night for inhibition of microtumor or micrometastatic tumor.     

Correlation between tumor markers and tumor size

Traditionally diagnosis of tumors is made by histopathology, because tumor markers are not sufficiently specific, and only low rates of positive cases have been observed. To induce free release of tumor markers into the blood, the IM injection of vitamin A and infrared-ray hyperthermia was used in 203 cancer patients. Blood samples were collected periodically to determine the levels of CEA, ferritin (FT), alpha-fetoprotein, sialic acid, and the ratio of ferritin to serum iron (FT/Fe). The analysis of each released tumor marker led to an increase in the rate of positive interpretations, indicating a linear correlation between tumor marker and tumor size. As a result of the evaluation of a combination assay of tumor markers using release induction, the rates of positive cases for any three of five markers were increased to 53, 65, and 94% in correlation with an increase in tumor size.     

Monitor tumor burden with circulating tumor DNA

There is a need to identify better biomarkers to monitor diseases and/or assess therapeutic responses. For those with cancer, one can identify DNA fragments that contain somatic mutations originating in the tumor DNA in plasma or serum. There have been several early studies suggesting that advances in sequencing technologies will allow identification of somatic genomic alterations that can be used to monitor tumor dynamics. Dawson et al. investigated circulating cell-free DNA carrying tumor specific alterations in patients with breast cancer. The authors compared CT imaging from 30 women with metastatic breast cancer receiving treatment, using two assays for circulating tumor DNA, CA 15-3, and CTCs. Taken the two methods together circulating tumor DNA was detected in 29 or 30 women (97%) and 115 of 141 plasma samples (82%). Circulating tumor DNA levels showed a greater dynamic range and greater correlation with changes in tumor burden than did CA 15-3 or CTC. The relatively small study showed that circulating tumor DNA has a superior sensitivity to other circulating biomarkers and a dynamic range that correlates with tumor burden.     

肿瘤血管生成调节与肿瘤治疗

肿瘤血管生成是一个非常复杂的过程，涉及到多种因子的调节。针对肿瘤血管生成的治疗对策在目前肿瘤治疗中具有十分重要的意义。本文就影响肿瘤血管生成的各种调节因子、抗血管生成的主要治疗靶标及研发现状作一综述，为肿瘤治疗的抗血管生成新靶标的设计研究提供信息。     

肿瘤抗原在肿瘤研究中的应用

近年来随着肿瘤抗原筛选鉴定方法的多样化,已鉴定出了大量的肿瘤抗原,抗原的分类越来越全面,肿瘤抗原的基础性研究已经深入到其他学科,肿瘤抗原的检测诊断则在临床上应用越来越广泛,而针对不同抗原的免疫治疗也更加具体可行.     

The inhibition of tumor growth by tumor mass

Evidence suggests that a tumor behaves, in its pattern of growth, like an integrated organ rather than a collection of independently growing cells. Tumor growth tends to slow progressively as size increases and to undergo compensatory growth after partial resection. Consequently, therapies that reduce tumor mass may tend to accelerate the growth of the remaining tumor and tumor metastases. An approach to therapy based upon a simulated increase in tumor mass may be worthy of consideration.     

肿瘤微环境中的炎性机制与肿瘤转移

炎性微环境是肿瘤微环境中影响肿瘤复发转移的关键因素之一.肿瘤炎性微环境可以通过调节上皮细胞向间充质细胞转变,启动肿瘤转移;可以通过降解细胞外基质从而破坏细胞外基质膜促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭;同时,炎性微环境促进肿瘤血管的新生为肿瘤的发生发展提供保障.     

Inducing tumor immunity by specific tumor antigens.

A handy experimental model for testing anti-tumor agents and for studying tumor immunity is the use of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in Long-Evans hooded rats. This neoplasm is so easily transplantable and growth is so rapid that a large series of animals can be studied in a relatively short period of time.