智力低下患儿的遗传学研究

１９９０年５月１日～１９９４年４月３０日，对在我院确诊为智力低下（ＭＲ）患者中与遗传因素有关的１６２例（占１６％）进行分析。结果：农村７７．８％，城市２２．２％；男女之比２．４５：１；轻度３８．３％，重度６１．７％；染色体病中２１三体最多占６３．４％；脆性Ｘ综合征占２４％，其中女性２例，均为重度ＭＲ。先天代谢疾病主要是克汀病和苯丙酮尿症，占２２．２％。遗传变性病占病因的２５．３％，其中结节性硬化２７例占１６．７％。提示：遗传因素所致的ＭＲ重度较多，如能早期诊断、早期干预，可以减少ＭＲ的发生和减轻智低程度。     

2236例病人外周血染色体分析

对２２３６例病人外周血染色体进行分析，结果发现异常核型２１６例，占９．７％，其中染色体数目异常１８４例，占异常核型８５．２％；结构异常２７例，占１２．５％，嵌合 体５例，占２．３％。异态染色体３３例，占受检人数的１．５％。     

204对反复流产夫妇染色体分析

本文２０４对２次或２次以上反复流产夫妇应用外周血培养Ｇ显带技术做了染色体核型分析。发现染色体异常１７例，占受检人数的４．２％，其中平衡易位５例占２９．４％，性染色体数目异常６例，占３５．３％，倒位３例占１７．６５％，嵌合体３例占１７．６５％。本文对反复流产夫妇染色体异常、平衡易位携带者，今后妊娠及管理进行讨论。     

Ⅰ型糖尿病HLA－DRB1等位基因分析

应用ＰＣＲ／ＳＳＰ基因分型方法鉴定ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１与北京地区胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的关系。证明ＩＤＤＭ的ＤＲ９频率较对照人群明显升高（３０．３％ｖｓ１７．９２％，ｘ２＝６．９７，Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＤＲ３在ＩＤＤＭ中虽有升高，但无统计学意义（７．０％ｖｓ２．３６％　ｘ２＝３．１９，Ｐ＞０．０５）；糖尿病患者ＤＲ２频率明显降低（７．４％ｖｓ１９．８％，ｘ２＝９．６７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果表明ＤＲ９、ＤＲ３与ＩＤＤＭ易感呈正相关，而ＤＲ２与ＩＤＤＭ抗性相关。     

先天性智能发育不全患儿的细胞遗传学研究

用低叶酸培养基（ＴＣ１９９）对９０例先天性智能发育不全（ＭＲ）患儿的外周血淋巴细胞进行了Ｇ显带分析及脆性Ｘ染色体研究。发现１９例染色体异常患者，占２１．１１％。其中先天愚型１４例，占１５．５６％；其它常染色体结构异常２例；性染色体异常１例；脆性Ｘ染色体２例，占２．２２％。结果表明对ＭＲ进行细胞遗传学研究时，不仅要注意染色体数目及结构的异常，尤应进行脆性Ｘ染色体的检测。本文首次证明脆性Ｘ综合征在本地区的存在，在ＭＲ中所占的比例与国外报道大致相同。脆性Ｘ染色体的诱导方法进行了讨论。还发现１例ＭＲ患儿，核型为４６，ＸＹ，ｔ（５；１５）（ｐ１５；ｑ１３），经鉴定为世界首报核型。     

溃疡性结肠炎的内镜检查（附246例分析）

在过去５年的结肠镜检查中，结合临床表现和活检符合溃疡性结肠炎诊断者２４６例，占结肠镜检查总数的２．７３％，粘液脓血便和腹泻分别占７３．１％和４９．６％。内镜所见：全部病变呈连续性分布；粘膜充血、水肿伴颗粒者最多见，占８２．４％；伴糜烂及浅表演疡者占７８．８％；其它病变为假息肉，粘膜桥和粘膜萎缩性病变。分布范围：以直、乙状结肠炎型最多，有１３３例，占５４％，左侧结肠炎型４０例，占１６．２％；全结肠炎型７３例，占３０％临床型以急性期和慢性活动期多见，有２１０例，占８５％；静止期４１例，２例癌变，发生率为０．８％；３例伴多发性憩室；并发中毒性巨结肠２例，经活检和随访证实结肠镜确诊率为９６．４％，总结认为：结肠镜对溃疡性结肠炎不但有很高的诊断和鉴别诊断价值，并可确定分布范围、严重程度、有无恶变等。     

166例骨髓增生异常综合征诊断与分期的探讨

本文报告ＭＤＳ１６６例，其中ＲＡ１２２例（７３．５％），ＲＡＳ５例（３％），ＲＡＥＢ２５例（１５％），ＣＭＭＬ１例（０．６％），ＲＡＥＢ－Ｔ１３例（７．９％），对其诊断标准和分期进行了讨论。     

小儿急性白血病的细胞遗传学研究

对８０例小儿急性白血病（ＡＬ）进行了骨髓染色体检查。结果表明，在７１例初诊及复发的ＡＬ中，７０．０％的急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＮＬＬ）、５２．６％的急性淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＬ）及６６．７％的杂合性白血病（ＨＡＬ）有异常核型，６例完全缓解（ＣＲ）及３例长期持续完全缓解（ＣＣＲ）病儿的核型均正常。对２７例病儿进了不同时期染色体核型的动态观察表明，染色体核型类型与临床及预后的关系十分密切。具有ｔ（８；２１）伴Ｙ染色体丢失者多见于ＡＭＬ－Ｍ２型且预后不良；６ｑ－多见于ＡＬＬ－Ｌ，Ｌ２型，预后较好；ｉｎｖ（１６）主要见于ＡＮＬＬ－Ｍ４ＥＯ型。出现继发性染色体改变及亚二倍改变的ＡＮＬＬ较ＡＬＬ预后差，具有多倍体核型者预后极差。提示骨髓染色体检查对小儿急性白血病诊断分型、指导治疗及判断预后都有一定的价值。     

1130例遗传咨询的临床与染色体分析

检测１１３０例遗传咨询病例的染色体，发现异常核型１５７例，占１３．９％；染色体异态性；ｉｎｖ（９）（９ｈ）１４例，６ｐｈ＾＋１个家系，ｐｓｕ ｄｉｃ６例，分析讨论其临床意义与遗传效应。临床与核型分析：生育异常６１２例，异常核型占其２．９％；男性性征异常１９５例，异常２１．５％；女性性征异常６４例，异常４３．８％；先天畸形或智力低下１７８例，异常２７．０％；家系调查８１例，异常２５．９％。     

482例肺结核耐药情况分析

报告４８２例肺结核病人的耐药情况。结果显示,１９５例为耐多药肺结核（ＭＤＲ－ＴＢ）,占４０．５％。初始ＭＤＲ－ＴＢ６２例（占４．２％）;继发ＭＤＲ－ＴＢ１３３例占（２７．６％）,其中耐ＨＲ者６８例（占１４．１％）。继发ＭＤＲ－ＴＢ中,８９．９％的病例有不正规抗结核治疗史,表明不合理化疗是ＭＤＲ－ＴＢ的最大危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.