使用SCID—P比较三种诊断标准对神经症的再诊断

目的 比较ＩＣＤ－１０，ＤＳＭ－Ⅳ和ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ对神经症再诊断。方法 将２１１例临床拟诊为神经症的病人以ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ用临床定式检查（ＳＣＩＤ－Ｐ）重新收集临床资料，分别以三种诊断标准进行再诊断。比较分析三者间的异同。结果 三者应用于精神症的再诊断一致性较高。结论：ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ在诊断抑郁性神经症、广泛性焦虑、惊恐障碍上具有简洁易辨认的优点，但总的来说存在病程衔接不足，未能将临床所见病例完全     

抑郁性神经症与抑郁症的临床特征比较

作者对符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第二版修订版（ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ）诊断标准的２３例抑郁性神经症和４７例抑郁症的临床特征、疗效以及随访结果进行了对照研究。临床症状和随访时社会功能恢复情况分别采用症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）及功能大体评定量表评定。结果显示：抑郁性神经症和抑郁症除了人为规定的病程以及抑郁严重程度上有不同外，两者并无本质的差异。作者还对ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ中抑郁性神经症的分类问题作了讨论。     

抑郁性神经症与抑郁症的临床特征比较

作者对符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第二版修订版（ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ）诊断标准的２３例抑郁性神经症和４７例抑郁症的临床特征、疗效以及随访结果进行了对照研究。临床症状和随访时社会功能恢复情况分别采用症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）及功能大体评定量表评定。结果显示：抑郁性神经症和抑郁症除了人为规定的病程以及抑郁严重程度上有不同外，两者并无本质的差异。作者还对ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ中抑郁性神经症的分类问题作了讨论。     

抑郁性神经症与抑郁症的临床特征比较

作者对符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第二版修订版（ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ）诊断标准的２３例抑郁性神经症和４７例抑郁症的临床特征、疗效以及随访结果进行了对照研究。临床症状和随访时社会功能恢复情况分别采用症自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）及功能大体评定量表评定。结果显示：抑郁性神经症和抑郁症除了人为规定的病程以及抑郁严重程度上有不同外，两者并无本质的差异。作者还对ＣＣＭＤ－２－４中抑郁性神经症的分类问题作了讨论     

使用SCID—P定式临床检查比较CCMD—2—R,ICD—10对心境障碍的…

研究首次使用ＳＣＩＤ－Ｐ定临床检查提纲作为ＩＣＤ－１０、ＣＣＭＤ０－２－Ｒ的症状评定工具，对临床怀疑为心境障碍的的８２例患者进行上述两种诊断系统间的诊断比较，结果表明：两种诊断标准对心境障碍的诊断一致性好。本研究还显示ＳＣＩＤ－Ｐ及两种诊断标准具有较高的信度。     

抑郁性神经症与抑郁症的比较

目的：探讨抑郁性神经症与抑郁症认知功能及自杀企图的差异。方法：采用回顾性的方法对近４年住院,符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ诊断标准的３５例抑郁性神经症,７４例抑郁症,以及４４例除病程不符合诊断标准的抑郁性神经症的患者的认知功能和自杀企图进行对照分析。结果：抑郁性神经症组的认知障碍及自杀企图均显著低于抑郁症组;两组抑郁性神经症比较除病程有显著差异外,其余各项均无显著差异。结论：抑郁性神经症与抑郁症是两类不同的     

CCMD——2与ICD——10诊断情感性障碍的比较（附190例临床分析）

本文对符合ＣＣＭＤ－－２诊断为情感性障碍的１９０例住院患者，以ＩＣＤ－１０诊断指征作对照分析，结果显示ＣＣＭＤ－２与ＩＣＤ－１０对躁狂及抑郁的诊断符合率均为９９％。并对ＣＣＭＤ－２情感性障碍的诊断标准进行了讨论。     

情感性障碍CIDI—C与SCAN多中心现场测试对比研究

目的：了解ＣＩＤＩ－Ｃ／ＩＣＤ－１０,ＣＩＤＩ－Ｃ／ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ,ＳＣＡＮ／ＩＣＤ－１０,ＳＣＡＮ／ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ诊断系统诊断情感性障碍的信度和效度。方法：所有研究者在培训后,应用ＣＩＤＩ－Ｃ和ＳＣＡＮ量表,对其单位中符合ＣＣＭＤ－２诊断标准的情感性障碍,精神分裂症和神经症病人按住院或门诊顺序进行测试,测试资料应用ＷＨＯ提供的ＣＩＤＩ－Ｃ／ＩＣＤ－１０,ＣＩＤＩ－Ｃ／ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ,ＳＣＡＮ／Ｉ     

抑郁性神经症与抑郁症的临床特征比较──对CCMD－2的一点建议

本文对符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准（ＣＣＭＤ－２）的２３例抑郁性神经症和４７例抑郁症的临床特征、疗效以及随访结果进行了对比研究．临床症状和随访时社会功能恢复情况分别采用ＳＣＬ－９０及ＧＡＦ评定。结果显示抑郁性神经症和抑郁症除了人为规定的病程以及抑郁严重程度有不同外，两者并无本质上的差异；本文还对ＣＣＭＤ－２中抑郁性神经症的分类问题作了讨论。     

对CCMD－2－R中器质性与精神物质所致精神障碍的现场测试

对ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ中器质性与精神物质所致精神障碍的现场测试陶明高静芳执笔中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准第二版修订本（ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ）经测试表明，具有良好的信度和效度。现对器质性精神障碍（０类）及精神物质所致精神障碍（１类）两部分的全部四位诊断编码作一次...     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.