早期清创复位克氏针内固定与Ⅱ期钢板内固定治疗开放性跟骨骨折的病例对照研究

目的:比较早期清创骨折复位克氏针内固定(克氏针组)与Ⅱ期骨折复位钢板内固定(钢板组)治疗开放性跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2001年1月至2008年5月收治开放性跟骨骨折55例(58足),年龄19～65岁,平均36.8岁;伤后至就诊时间30min～7h,平均3h。克氏针组:男20例(20足),女9例(9足);软组织损伤Gustilo分型,Ⅰ型15足,Ⅱ型13足,ⅢA型1足;跟骨骨折Sanders分型,Ⅱ型9足,Ⅲ型18足,Ⅳ型2足;采用早期清创骨折复位克氏针固定治疗,软组织缺损采用VSD临时覆盖,Ⅱ期皮片或皮瓣移植术。钢板组:男18例(19足),女8例(10足);软组织损伤Gustilo分型,Ⅰ型13足,Ⅱ型14足,ⅢA型2足;跟骨骨折Sanders分型,Ⅱ型11足,Ⅲ型15足,Ⅳ型3足;采用早期清创,创面稳定后采用Ⅱ期骨折复位钢板内固定治疗。通过临床检查、影像学评估和AOFAS踝与后足评分进行预后评估。结果:克氏针组15例(23足)和钢板组13例(22足)得到随访,随访时间10～36个月,平均24个月。2组患者最后一次随访时的X线片与术前比较,跟骨高度、宽度、B觟hler角和Gissane角均有改善。根据AOFAS踝-后足评价,克氏针组优11足,良8足,可3足,差1足,术后早期伤口局部皮肤坏死2足,经换药后治愈,1足出现大面积皮肤坏死并深部感染,1足出现慢性骨髓炎,后期均行关节融合术;钢板组优7足,良4足,可4足,差7足,清创早期轻度并发症2例,慢性骨髓炎1例,Ⅱ期术后切口并发症10例,其中皮肤坏死7例,浅表感染3例。2组放射学指标和AOFAS踝-后足评分比较,差异有统计学意义;而清创术后早期并发症比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:早期清创克氏针固定治疗开放性跟骨骨折早期并发症较少,是一种简单安全有效的治疗方法。     

Gustilo Ⅱ、ⅢA型开放性跟骨骨折的分期手术治疗

目的对合并内侧伤口的GustiloⅡ、ⅢA型开放性跟骨骨折的临床疗效进行回顾性研究,确定分期手术治疗开放性跟骨骨折的疗效。方法自2006-01—2012-12采用分期手术治疗14例GustiloⅡ、ⅢA型开放性跟骨骨折。一期急诊手术清理创面,挽救损伤软组织,闭合复位恢复跟骨外形,简单临时固定。二期行外侧切口切开复位内固定术。结果本组14例中5例出现伤口并发症,均为内侧伤口,通过换药或者清创处理,最终均顺利愈合。均未发生骨髓炎或截肢。14例均获得平均12.4(6~16)个月随访,骨折均愈合。末次随访时AOFAS评分:疼痛23~42(28.7±6.3)分,功能32~50(38.1±7.4)分,后足力线6~10(8.0±2.6)分,总分57~89(78.3±9.7)分。结论针对GustiloⅡ、ⅢA型开放性跟骨骨折,采用分阶段有重点治疗方案可以降低并发症发生率,促进软组织损伤恢复,为骨折二期修复创造良好条件。     

合并内侧伤口开放性跟骨骨折的分阶段治疗

目的 总结分析合并内侧伤口开放性跟骨骨折分阶段治疗的策略及疗效. 方法 2007年2月至2010年7月收治且获得随访的GustiloⅡ型及ⅢA型合并内侧伤口的开放性跟骨骨折患者23例,男16例,女7例;年龄39 ～56岁,平均43.3岁;左足9例,右足14例.骨折按Sanders分型:Ⅱ型9例,Ⅲ型12例,Ⅳ型2例.开放性损伤按Gustilo分型:Ⅱ型11例,ⅢA型12例.患者行急诊一期清创,同时通过内侧伤口复位跟骨内侧柱,恢复跟骨的高度、长度及轴线,克氏针临时固定,对不稳定伤口使用负压封闭引流敷料覆盖,使用抗生素预防性治疗和反复清创.待内侧伤口稳定后,二期行外侧扩大切口复位钢板内固定.末次随访时采用美国足踝外科协会踝-后足评分进行评定. 结果 伤后至初次清创时间为3 ～36 h,平均6.8h;清创次数1～4次,平均2.6次;行最终内固定手术时间为伤后5～21 d,平均10.9d.23例患者术后获19 ～32个月(平均23.6个月)随访.所有患者外侧手术切口无感染、坏死发生,21例患者内侧伤口均获愈合,2例患者内侧伤口发生浅表感染,经换药延迟愈合.但所有患者距下关节活动度与健侧相比均有不同程度受限. 结论 合并内侧伤口开放性跟骨骨折是一种特殊类型的开放性跟骨骨折,如果没有软组织缺损,通过分阶段的贯序治疗,其疗效可媲美闭合性骨折.急诊处理应注意彻底清创,同时通过复位及临时固定恢复跟骨的高度及长度.     

分期手术应用带抗生素的人工骨植骨治疗开放性跟骨骨折

目的：探讨分期手术及应用负载万古霉素的人工骨植骨治疗开放性跟骨骨折的疗效。方法：2006年1月至2012年12月收治13例开放性跟骨骨折患者,男9例,女4例;年龄23～66岁,平均35.2岁;均为急诊入院患者。跟骨骨折Sanders分型：Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型7例,Ⅳ型4例。软组织损伤Gustilo-Anderson分型：Ⅱ型8例,ⅢA型2例,ⅢB型2例,ⅢC型l例。I期清创缝合或VSD术、延期行跟骨骨折切开复位钢板内固定加含抗生素人工骨植骨术。术后根据临床检查、影像学评估、美国足踝外科学会（AOFAS）踝一后足功能评分进行疗效评估。结果：患者开放性伤口经创口换药修复等方法均顺利愈合,跟骨外侧切口期愈合。术后随访6～36个月,平均14．5个月;骨折愈合时间14～20周,平均16．2周。末次随访时AOFAS踝一后足功能评分为（80．0±7．4）（55～95分）。结论：对于开放性跟骨骨折,通过合理·临床评估,分期手术,应用带抗生素的人工骨植骨能够降低术后的创口感染发生率以及促进骨折愈合。     

重度开放性Pilon骨折的治疗

目的 探讨重度开放性Pilon骨折的手术时机、手术方法选择及其对治疗效果的影响.方法 2003年4月至2008年7月收治开放性Pilon骨折患者21例,骨折按AO/OTA分类,均为C型,C2型17例,C3型4例;软组织损伤程度按照Gustilo标准,Ⅱ度18例,Ⅲ A度2例,Ⅲ B度1例.根据骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及受伤时间的不同采用两种不同的治疗方法,GustiloⅡ度C2型16例,GustiloⅡ度C3型2例,Gustilo ⅢA度C2型l例,采用创面清创胫骨有限内固定结合支架外固定术;GustiloⅢA度C3型1例,Gustilo ⅢB度C3型1例,采用创面清创跟骨牵引、延期手术.结果 所有患者术后获得6～48个月的随访,平均24个月.骨折复位情况影像学评估结果(Burwell-Charnley标准):解剖复位6例,复位一般14例,复位差1例.骨折全部愈合,愈合时间2.5～11个月,平均4.7个月,其中骨折延迟愈合2例,延迟愈合率9.5%.创面皮肤浅表坏死2例,浅表感染2例,深部感染1例,感染率14.3%.早期出现踝关节创伤性关节炎8例,发生率38.1%.按美国骨科协会足踝外科分会(American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society,AOFAS)评分标准:评分为66～94分,平均85.2分.主要并发症包括皮肤、软组织坏死、感染,骨折延迟愈合,创伤性关节炎等.结论 治疗开放性Pilon骨折要根据骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及受伤时间的不同选择适当的手术时机和手术方式,正确评估软组织损伤情况、骨与软组织血运的保护是治疗关键.严格的清创、合理应用抗生素、酌情植骨、适时的功能锻炼可以减少并发症的发生.     

开放性跖跗关节损伤的手术治疗

目的:探讨开放性跖跗关节损伤手术治疗方法及临床疗效。方法 :选择2011年3月至2015年1月手术治疗的21例开放性跖跗关节损伤患者,男14例,女7例;年龄20~75岁,平均45.6岁;左足13例,右足8例;交通伤5例,碾压伤6例,重物压伤10例。跖跗关节损伤根据Myerson分型:B2型5例,C1型9例,C2型7例。软组织损伤按照Gustilo分型:ⅡB型5例,ⅢA型10例,ⅢB型6例。采用分期手术治疗。术后观察骨折愈合及其并发症情况,并采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)中足评分评价手术疗效。结果:21例患者术后均获随访,时间11~40个月,平均16.2个月。骨性愈合时间10~16周,平均12.3周。未并发深部感染、骨不连及骨髓炎等并发症。末次随访AOFAS中足评分为83.0±14.9;优9例,良8例,中2例,差2例。2例患者因并发严重创伤性关节炎再次行跖跗关节融合术。结论:对于开放性跖跗关节损伤的治疗,急诊合理清创,全面评估软组织损伤情况,正确把握内固定的手术指征及时机,可以降低深部感染及骨髓炎的发生率。     

有限内固定结合负压封闭引流技术治疗严重开放性跟骨骨折的初步经验

目的 探讨有限内固定结合负压封闭引流(VSD)技术治疗严重开放性跟骨骨折的疗效.方法 2007年12月至2008月8月共收治9例严重开放性跟骨骨折患者,男8例,女1例;年龄23～55岁,平均34.5岁.按Sanders关节内跟骨骨折分型:Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型2例.开放性损伤按Gustilo分型:Ⅱ型4例,ⅢA型4例,ⅢB型1例.均使用切开复位有限内固定结合VSD技术治疗.术后观察患者软组织和骨折愈合情况,以及功能恢复情况.结果 9例患者术后获平均10个月(6～14个月)随访.2例患者手术切口切缘红肿,1例患者术后切口皮缘部分坏死,经伤口换药静脉使用抗生素后逐渐愈合.9例患者骨折均得到愈合,平均愈合时间为3.5个月.所有患者无慢性软组织感染、骨髓炎或截肢.美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分标准评分为76～93分,平均83.4分,其中优1例,良5例,中3例. 结论 有限内固定结合VSD技术治疗严重开放性跟骨骨折,骨折和软组织均得到愈合,并发症少,具有良好的早期疗效.     

一期清创加内固定治疗开放性跟骨骨折的临床体会

目的 探讨一期清创加内固定治疗开放性跟骨骨折的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析我院2001年2月至2007年12月对25例27足开放性跟骨骨折行一期清创加内固定术治疗的临床资料.男18例,女7例;年龄14～65岁,平均43.6岁.24例为高处坠落伤,1例为机器绞伤,开放伤口为GustiloⅡ型,骨折均为Sanders Ⅲ～Ⅳ型.手术清创内侧开放伤口,同时外侧扩大L型切口切开复位H或Y型钢板内固定跟骨骨折.结果 跟骨高度宽度、Bohlers angle、Gissane angle、跟骨外翻角均得到良好恢复,内侧均伤口一期愈合.21例患者获得随访,随访时间1.2～8.7年,平均6.4年,除1例外侧手术伤口术后2周仍渗液,细菌培养无细菌,经换药后愈合.结论 内固定一期用于开放性跟骨骨折的治疗,安全、有效.     

Ilizarov外固定架联合VSD技术治疗Gustilo Ⅱ、Ⅲ型开放性跟骨骨折

[目的]研究Ilizarov外固定架联合VSD技术治疗开放性GustiloⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析自2010年6月～2017年5月共36例采用Ilizarov外固定架联合VSD治疗开放性跟骨骨折患者,男33例,女3例;年龄28～45岁,平均(40.13±3.94)岁;根据开放性损伤Gustilo分型:GustiloⅡ型15例,ⅢA型14例,ⅢB型7例;根据Sanders骨折分型:Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型16例,Ⅳ型8例。予以开放性跟骨伤口清创,并经过伤口复位跟骨后,于胫骨下端安装Ilizarov支架全环,VSD贴敷伤口,必要时行伤口自体表皮皮肤移植。采用AOFAS评分和影像测量评价临床结果。[结果] 36例患者均顺利进行手术。其中19例患者皮肤切口及针道切口轻度红肿,经换药后伤口愈合。17例伤口因创面较大待创口肉芽组织充填后进行自体表皮皮肤移植,移植皮肤都得到存活。患者住院期间VSD负压引流时间15～35 d,平均更换(3.28±0.88)次。随访时间为6～24个月,平均(12.58±3.67)个月。AOFAS评分由术后3个月时(72.75±7.72)分,显著增加至末次随访时(79. 19±9.06)分。末次随访时临床结果评定为优10例,良18例,一般7例,差1例,优良率为77.78%。与术前相比较,术后3 d、术后6个月时跟骨影像测量参数,包括跟骨长度、宽度、B?hler角和Gissane角均显著改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但术后3 d、6个月之间比较上述参数的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论] Ilizarov外固定架联合VSD技术治疗GustiloⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折具有良好的疗效。     

分期手术治疗Gustilo ⅢB型跟骨骨折

[目的]介绍分期手术治疗GustiloⅢB型跟骨骨折的手术技术和初步临床结果。[方法] 2013年01月～2019年08月对9例GustiloⅢB型跟骨骨折患者采用分期手术治疗,一期伤口彻底清创,跟骨骨折功能复位,采用克氏针及拉力螺钉内固定,二期创面反复多次清创,确定无感染后行皮瓣覆盖。[结果] 9例患者手术顺利,均未截肢,患者平均住院时间(39.06±4.31) d。2例患者皮瓣边缘愈合不良,经伤口换药后分别于3个月及5个月伤口愈合。2例患者距下关节面解剖复位,7例患者功能复位。所有患者跟骨B?hler角、Gissane角、跟骨高度、宽度恢复满意,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访Mazur踝关节症状与功能评分评估疗效:优1例,良7例,可1例。[结论]分期手术治疗GustiloⅢB型开放性跟骨骨折技术可行,临床疗效良好。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.