宫颈癌中EphA2，nm23-H1蛋白的表达与淋巴结转移的相关性研究

目的检测EphA2蛋白和nm23-H1蛋白在宫颈癌中的表达，探讨其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法本研究标本取自2002年3月至2005年12月在川北医学院附属医院妇产科手术切除的56例宫颈癌石蜡标本（实验组），采用免疫组化S—P法检测EphA2，nm23-H1蛋白在56例宫颈癌（12例有淋巴结转移．44例无淋巴结转移）患者石蜡标本和在12例正常宫颈组织标本（对照组）中的表达，分析EphA2和nm23H1蛋白的表达与淋巴结转移的关系。结果本研究结果显示，EphA2蛋白实验组的阳性表达率（85．7％，48／56）明显高于对照组（25．0％，3／12）。实验组中，12例有淋巴结转移患者的EphA2蛋白的阳性率为100％，44例不伴随淋巴结转移患者EphA2蛋白的阳性率为81．8％（36／44），两者比较，差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。实验组nm23-H1蛋白的阳性表达率（48．2％，27／56）低于对照组（91．7％，11／12）。实验组中．12例有淋巴结转移患者的nm23-H1蛋白阳性表达率为8．3%（1／12），44例不伴有淋巴结转移患者的为59．1％（26／44），两者比较，差异有显著意义（P〈0．01）。结论EphA2和nm23-H1蛋白在宫颈癌中的表达与患者有无淋巴结转移密切相关。这提示，EphA2和nm23-H1蛋白可望为宫颈癌患者预后，提供参考依据。     

胰腺癌中DPC4/Smad4、nm23-H1/NDPK的表达及其意义

目的探讨nm23-H1/NDPK、DPC4/Smad4蛋白在人胰腺癌组织中的表达情况及其相互关系.方法采用免疫组织化学SABC方法.实验组为34例胰腺癌组织,对照组为慢性胰腺炎组织34例.结果 DPC4/Smad4蛋白在实验组中的阳性表达低于对照组织,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).nm23-H1/NDPK蛋白在实验组中的阳性表达明显高于在对照组织中的表达,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.05).而且在高分化组织、无淋巴结转移组、临床分期为I、II期组织中的阳性表达低于低分化组织、有淋巴结转移及临床分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期组织中的表达,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论⑴nm23-H1/NDPK基因可能是胰腺癌恶性程度的指标,也可能是转移与预后差的指标,nm23-H1/NDPK在胰腺癌中可能不显示肿瘤转移抑制功能.⑵DPC4/Smad4作为一种抑癌基因,其改变对胰腺癌发生发展可能起重要作用.⑶DPC4/Smad4与nm23-H1/NDPK在胰腺癌中表达不相关.     

nm23-H1蛋白在大肠癌表达的研究

目的探索nm23-H1蛋白的表达水平与大肠癌发生、发展、组织学类型、转移的相关性.方法 76例大肠癌组织标本、43例癌旁组织标本及正常大肠黏膜标本通过免疫组织化学方法检测nm23-H1蛋白表达.结果大肠的正常黏膜有不同程度nm23-H1蛋白表达;大肠癌组织nm23-H1蛋白表达(80.3%)高于癌旁组织(58.1%,P＜0.05)及正常黏膜(48.8%,P＜0.001);nm23-H1蛋白表达未显示与大肠癌淋巴结转移或远处转移的相关性.结论大肠癌组织nm23-H1表达明显增高,提示nm23-H1蛋白的表达升高可能与大肠组织的恶变有关.     

nm23-H1在宫颈癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 通过了解nm23-H1在宫颈癌中的表达,试图阐明nm23-H1的表达与宫颈癌的一些临床病理特征及预后的关系.方法 运用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法检测99例宫颈癌组织中nm23-H1的表达情况.结果 nm23-H1在宫颈浸润癌中的表达率低于宫颈上皮内瘤样变Ⅲ及正常宫颈组织(P=0.002);在宫颈浸润癌中,nm23-H1的表达与肿瘤原发灶大小(P=0.001)、大体类型(P=0.007)、浸润深度(P=0.044)、淋巴结转移(P＜0.001)和治疗后复发(P＜0.001)相关;而与肿瘤的病理类型(P=0.064)、细胞分化程度(P=0.487)、国际妇产科联盟分期(P=0.214)及发病年龄(P=0.200)无相关性.结论 nm23-H1在宫颈癌中表达下降,nm23-H1表达下降是宫颈癌的一个高危因素,可望作为宫颈癌淋巴结转移和治疗后复发的预测指标.     

转移抑制基因nm23-H1在结肠癌患者组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探究转移抑制基因nm23-H1在结肠癌患者组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析154例结肠黏膜病变患者临床资料,根据其病理检查结果分为观察组(结肠癌,n=68)与对照组(结肠息肉,n=86)。采集两组患者病灶组织标本后进行免疫组织化学法(IHC)检测,分析两组nm23-H1蛋白表达差异及其与肿瘤淋巴转移、远处器官转移、Duke’s大肠癌分期的相关性。结果观察组病灶标本nm23-H1蛋白表达阳性率明显低于对照组(P0.05),且其中有淋巴结转移亚组无淋巴结转移亚组对照组,有远处器官转移亚组无远处器官转移亚组对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析,可知结肠癌淋巴结转移、远处器官转移与其组织nm23-H1蛋白表达呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论结肠癌组织中nm23-H1蛋白表达阳性率较低,且与其转移潜力相关性良好,可为患者预后评估提供可靠依据。     

PTC组织中MTA1、Gankyrin表达的变化与术后复发、转移的关系

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)组织中肿瘤转移相关基因蛋白1(MTA1)、癌性锚蛋白重复序列(Gankyrin)蛋白的表达与肿瘤术后复发、转移的关系。方法选取郑州大学第一附属医院2017年1月至2019年3月手术治疗的173例PTC患者术后标本作为PTC组、另选取同期手术获取的甲状腺良性肿瘤组织160例作为良性病变组;采用免疫组化染色检测两组标本中的MTA1、Gankyrin蛋白表达,分析不同年龄、性别、TNM分期、肿瘤病灶大小、淋巴结转移组织中MTA1、Gankyrin蛋白表达情况,采用Logistic回归分析法分析上述各项指标与PTC术后转移复发的关系。结果 PTC组MTA1蛋白、Gankyrin蛋白阳性表达率均高于良性病变组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PTC标本中MTA1蛋白阳性表达在不同TNM分期、是否发生淋巴结转移、是否出现术后复发转移的患者中比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Gankyrin蛋白阳性表达率在术后是否出现复发转移的PTC组织中比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,MTA1蛋白、Gankyrin蛋白阳性表达及TNM分期为Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期是在术后出现复发转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 MTA1表达与PTC恶性程度增加有关,MTA1蛋白、Gankyrin蛋白表达增强可能会增大PTC患者术后复发转移的风险。     

原发性乳腺癌组织中nm23基因的表达及其意义

目的探讨原发性乳腺癌组织中nm23基因的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测286例原发性乳腺癌nm23基因表达情况并与乳腺癌病理类型、患者年龄、临床分期及腋淋巴结转移之间的关系进行分析。结果nm23的阳性率为65.7%,与病人年龄、肿瘤病理类型无关;肿瘤临床分期越高,nm23的阳性率越低;腋淋巴结转移组的nm23阳性率明显低于腋淋巴结无转移组(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌组织中nm23基因表达与乳腺癌临床分期、腋淋巴结转移呈负相关,提示nm23基因可作为预测原发性乳腺癌淋巴结转移和评估肿瘤临床预后的标记物。     

结直肠癌组织中血管内皮生长因子-C及nm23-H1蛋白的表达及意义

目的 探讨结直肠癌组织中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）-C和nm23-H1蛋白的表达水平及其临床意义.方法 选取120例结直肠癌患者肿瘤组织,并以55例癌旁正常组织作为对照;采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中VEGF-C和nm23-H1蛋白的表达水平,分析VEGF-C和nm23-H1蛋白的表达与结直肠癌患者临床特征及预后的关系.结果 VEGF-C在结直肠癌组织中的阳性表达率为71.7％（86/120）,高于癌旁正常组织的21.8％（12/55）,差异有统计学意义（Х^2=35.186,P＜0.01）.nm23-H1蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的阳性表达率为57.5％ （69/120）,低于癌旁正常组织的90.9％ （50/55）,差异有统计学意义（Х^2=18.351,P＜0.01）.VEGF-C阳性表达仅与结直肠癌患者的淋巴结转移有相关性（P＜0.05）,nm23-H1蛋白阳性表达与结直肠癌患者的淋巴结转移和病理学类型有相关性（P＜ 0.01或＜0.05）,VEGF-C和nm23-H1蛋白的阳性表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、原发部位和浸润深度均无相关性（P＞0.05）.Spearman相关分析结果显示,在结直肠癌组织中,VEGF-C与nm23-H1蛋白的阳性表达呈负相关（r=-0.472,P＜0.01）.结论 VEGF-C和nm23-H1蛋白联合检测对预测结直肠癌患者的预后具有重要的临床意义,但是否可作为判断结直肠癌患者预后的标志物仍需进一步研究.     

nm23-H1与胃癌的分化、浸润转移的关系

目的　分析nm2 3-H1在胃癌分化、浸润转移中的作用及其表达的临床意义。方法　应用ABC免疫组化方法 ,研究 4 6例原发性胃癌组织及其转移淋巴结nm2 3-H1的表达。结果　 4 5 6 % (2 1/46 )的胃癌nm2 3-H1表达下降。nm2 3-H1的高表达与Borrmann分型、组织学分型无关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而与肿瘤大小、胃癌浸润深度、临床病理分期、淋巴结转移密切相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。另外 5 4 4 %的分化型胃癌nm2 3-H1的表达高于其淋巴结转移癌 ,而在低分化型胃癌中有 5 3 8%。结论　nm2 3-H1可能对胃癌的浸润、淋巴结转移有抑制作用 ,但与胃癌的分化无关。     

肿瘤转移抑制蛋白及上皮型钙黏蛋白在上尿路移行上皮癌中的表达

目的探讨肿瘤转移抑制蛋白（MTSS1）与上皮型钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）在上尿路移行上皮癌中的表达情况及意义。方法收集病理科存档的60例上尿路移行上皮癌石蜡标本为观察组，同时取其中30例患者的膀胱正常组织作为对照组。采用免疫组织化学方法检测组织中MTSS1及E-cadherin的表达情况，并分析其表达与不同病理分期、分化程度及淋巴结转移间的关系。结果MTSS1在对照组的表达率为100．0％（30／30），在观察组表达率为45．0％（27／60），两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；E-cadherin在对照组表达率为96．7％（29／30），在观察组表达率为41．7％（25／60），两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；MTSS1与E—cadherin在不同病理分期、分化程度及淋巴结有无转移中表达率差异有统计学意义，分化程度好、TNM分期低、淋巴结无转移的患者中MTSS1与E-cadherin的表达率较高（P〈0．05）；MTSS1与E—cadherin在癌组织中的表达并无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论在上尿路移行上皮癌中联合检测MTSS1及E—cadherin的表达，对于判断肿瘤的恶性程度、淋巴结转移情况及患者的预后均有重要意义。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.