肝脏黏液性囊性肿瘤与囊肿型肝内胆管乳头状肿瘤CT及MRI表现

目的 对比分析肝脏黏液性囊性肿瘤（MCN）与囊肿型胆管乳头状肿瘤（IPNB）的CT及MRI表现。方法 回顾性分析25例MCN和16例囊肿型IPNB（侵袭性10例、非侵袭性6例）的临床病理资料及影像学资料。结果 IPNB组与MCN组周围胆管交通、胆管扩张、附壁结节差异有统计学意义（P均<0.001）,病灶直径、位置、形状、囊内出血、ADC值差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。IPNB组中,非侵袭性和侵袭性病变间仅病灶直径差异有统计学意义（P=0.032）。结论 MCN和囊肿型IPNB的CT及MRI表现具有一定相似性,病灶周围是否有胆管扩张、扩张的胆管是否与病灶相通及病灶内部壁结节对鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

Co-occurrence of IPMN and malignant IPNB complicated by a pancreatobiliary fistula: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB) is pathologically similar to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN). However, there are several significant differences between them. The rate of IPMN associated with extrapancreatic malignancies has been reported to range from 10%-40%, and it may occasionally be complicated with the presence of fistulas. IPMN associated with malignant IPNB is extremely rare and only nine cases have been reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report a 52-year-old man who presented with recurrent cholangitis for nine months. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed the common bile duct stricture with dilated pancreatobiliary duct without other abnormal findings. The underlying pathogenesis could not be identified based on the radiologic images. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a pancreatobiliary fistula with dilated main pancreatic duct, biliary stricture with dilated biliary tree, and mucus discharge from the enlarged orifice of the major papilla. The patient underwent SpyGlass cholangiopancreatoscopy due to a suspected mucin-producing biliary neoplasm and indeterminate main pancreatic duct dilatation. Multiple papillary growing neoplasms with vascular images, with the extent of lesions spreading in the biliopancreatic ductal lumens, were identified by SpyGlass. In addition, the presence of a pancreatobiliary fistula was also identified. The patient was diagnosed as having benign IPMN and malignant IPNB with focal invasion by postoperative pathology. Furthermore, varying histological subtypes were present in both IPMN and IPNB. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed on the patient with excellent results during the 52 month followup period.CONCLUSION We deemed that pancreatography and SpyGlass allowed for an efficient diagnosis of IPMN with pancreatobiliary fistula, whereas the etiology could not be identified by radiologic imaging.     

胰腺常见囊性肿瘤的临床特点、影像学表现和鉴别

胰腺囊性肿瘤（PCN）是以囊性改变为主胰腺肿瘤的统称。常见的PCN分为浆液性囊性肿瘤（SCN）、黏液性囊性肿瘤（MCN）、导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）、实性假乳头性肿瘤（SPT）等。各型肿瘤生物学特性各异,良恶性均有涉及,因此提高PCN的术前影像学诊断对临床有一定的指导意义。本文就PCN的影像学表现、病理特点及鉴别诊断进行综述。     

肝内胆管囊状肿瘤的声像图特征研究

目的 探讨肝内胆管囊状肿瘤的超声图像特征。方法 对12例肝内胆管囊状肿瘤患者的超声图像进行分析，并与手术病理进行对照。其中胆管乳头状腺瘤2例，乳头状腺癌6例，肝内胆管囊腺瘤2例，囊腺癌2例。结果 12例肝内胆管囊状肿瘤超声诊断符合率为75％（9／12），10例（83％）患者肝内胆管呈囊状或簇状扩张，7例（58％）胆管壁厚者均为恶性，6例（50％）肿瘤中测及乳头状回声者良恶性皆有，7例（58％）肿瘤内见胶冻状物回声，其中6例堵塞胆总管致胆管扩张。结论 局部肝叶或肝段测及胆管不明原因囊状扩张，胆管壁厚，囊内透声差，尤其是胆管内充满大量胶冻状物并见乳头状回声应视为肝内胆管囊状肿瘤的重要诊断依据。提高超声对肝内胆管囊状肿瘤的早期诊断率有重要的临床意义。     

Imaging bile duct tumors: pathologic concepts, classification, and early tumor detection

Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bile ducts which has several predisposing factors such as hepatolithiasis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and can develop from precancerous conditions such as biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. As surgical resection of early stage cholangiocarcinoma or precancerous lesions may provide better prognosis, early detection of those lesions is very important. Imaging studies play important roles in the diagnosis of bile duct tumors followed by appropriate management. Indeed, not only diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma but also appropriate categorization of bile duct tumors based on their morphologic features and location on cross-sectional imaging studies, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, is important to predict their biologic behaviors, and choose relevant treatment strategies. We herein review the classification system of the bile duct tumors with their radiologic and pathologic findings as well as role of imaging in the early detection of bile duct tumors.     

Biliary cystic intraductal papillary mucinous tumor and cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma: differentiation by CT

Purpose To identify differential findings of biliary cystic intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) and biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma on CT images. Materials and methods Records of 7 patients with biliary cystic IPMT and 17 patients with biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma were accessed. A pathologist reviewed gross morphologic and microscopic findings and confirmed the diagnosis. Two radiologists who were blind to the pathologic diagnosis reviewed CT images regarding size of cystic mass, mural nodule, septa, calcification, dilatation of the proximal, and distal bile ducts to the tumor, and the results were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Results Mural nodule and dilatation of the bile ducts distal to the cystic tumor were more commonly seen in patients with cystic IPMT than in patients with biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma and these are statistically significant, the P values being 0.029 and 0.016, respectively. Size of the cystic tumor, presence of septa, calcification, and dilatation of the bile duct proximal to the cystic tumor were not statistically different. Conclusion Biliary cystic IPMT could be differentiated from biliary cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma on CT images based on the presence of mural nodules and dilatation of the bile ducts distal to the cystic tumor.     

肝内胆管细胞癌CT分型及临床意义

目的 探讨肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)的形态学CT分型及临床意义.方法 回顾性分析经临床病理证实的22例ICC的CT表现,依据肿瘤的形态特征对ICC分型.结果 22例肿瘤患者中:肿块型9例,表现为肝内结节状肿瘤,不伴周围胆管扩张;管周浸润型4例,表现为沿胆管纵轴生长的树枝状肿瘤,伴周围胆管扩张;管内生长型2例,表现为单发或多发肿瘤结节位于扩张的胆管内;肿块并管周浸润型7例,表现为肝内结节状肿瘤,伴周围胆管扩张.结论 不同形态类型ICC的CT表现不同.CT检查能够对ICC进行准确形态学分型,对临床选择合理的治疗方案及判断预后具有重要意义.     

内镜超声检查对胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤和导管内乳头状黏液性瘤的诊断价值

目的：评价内镜超声检查（EUS）在胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤（MCN）和导管内乳头状黏液性瘤（IPMN）及其良恶性鉴别中的价值。方法：回顾分析1998年1月至2007年12月本院经手术病理证实为胰腺黏液性肿瘤患者的EUS影像资料，其中IPMN11例，MCN10例。比较IPMN与MCN的内镜及EUS声像图特征，探讨鉴别MCN、IPMN及其良、恶性的EUS声像图指标。结果：IPMN与MCN患者间肿瘤部位、大小、主胰管直径、十二指肠主乳头开口扩张和黏液流出、肿瘤与主胰管交通等指标的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。肿瘤浸润性生长是判断恶性IPMN与MCN的可靠指标。恶性IPMN主胰管直径大于良性／交界性IPMN[（12．2±3．5）mm比（6．8±2．2）mm，P=-0．011]；恶性IPMN壁结节高度大于良性，交界性IPMN（6．8±1．8）mm比（2．8±1．1）mm，P=0．001]。以主胰管直径≥11．0mm为标准，诊断恶性IPMN，其灵敏度为75％，特异度为100％；以壁结节高度／〉4．3mm为标准，则灵敏度为100％，特异度为100％。恶性MCN囊壁厚度大于良性，交界性MCN[（3．4±0．8）mm比（1．6±1．0）mm，P=-0．0281，恶性MCN壁结节高度大于良性／交界性MCN[（15．9±5．2）mm比（5．0±3．7）mm，P=-0．025]。以囊壁厚度≥2．4mm为标准诊断恶性MCN，灵敏度为100％，特异度为100％；以壁结节高度≥8．9mm为标准，则灵敏度为87．5％，特异度为100％。结论：EUS可用于鉴别IPMN与MCN，并评估肿瘤的良、恶性。     

胰腺导管内嗜酸性乳头状肿瘤2例报道及文献复习

目的：报道2例罕见的胰腺导管内嗜酸性乳头状肿瘤并进行文献复习。方法：对此病的临床病理特征进行详细的形态学观察及分析。结果：胰腺导管内哮酸性乳头状肿瘤的特点为多发生在大导管内,呈乳头状,瘤细胞浆嗜酸性,细颗粒状。结论：此瘤根据其衬覆上皮的不典型增生程度分为良性,交界性和恶性。良性者称为胰腺导管内嗜酸性乳头状腺瘤,交界性者称为交界性胰腺导管内哮酸性乳头状腺瘤;恶性者称为胰腺导管内嗜酸性乳头状癌,本文报道的2例均为恶性,1例为非浸润性癌,另1例为浸润性癌。     

胰腺常见囊性肿瘤的影像诊断方法探讨

目的探讨胰腺常见囊性肿瘤的影像诊断方法。方法将80例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的影像学资料,包括MRI与MSCT资料,进行回顾性分析,包括浆液性囊性肿瘤（SCN）32例,黏液性囊性肿瘤（MCN）28例以及导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（IPMN）20例。结果 SCN患者中,形态为分叶状,囊小且多,且均具有中心痕,T2WI可显示其囊性特征;MCN囊大而少,边缘绝大多数为光滑;IPMN与胰管之间进行相连,单房者一般多表现为杵状指样的囊,多房者囊的形态较多。结论将MSCT与MRI应用于常见的胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床诊断之中,其影像学表现对诊断与鉴别诊断具有一定的提示性作用。     

My Treatment Approach: Pancreatic Cysts

Our treatment approach for either symptomatic or incidentally found pancreatic cysts continues to improve. The true incidence of pancreatic cysts is not known, and pancreatic cystic neoplasms, especially intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, are currently most commonly diagnosed and resected. This is a result of increasing awareness, widespread availability of imaging, and better understanding of the nature of pancreatic cysts as well. Recent studies on molecular analysis and devices such as microbiopsy forceps help us better define and select the treatment approach to alleviate symptoms and to prevent malignant tumors while avoiding unnecessary surgery.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤:双排螺旋CT检查与诊断

目的探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT表现,以及双排螺旋CT对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的检查方法和诊断价值。方法回顾性研究2例在本院手术、并由病理确诊的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤,分析双排螺旋CT的扫描方法和影像表现。结果双排螺旋CT采用第一期延时45s,第二期延时65s扫描,胰腺图像显示清晰;胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤表现为显著的胰管扩张和囊性病灶。结论双排螺旋CT采用合适的扫描方法对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的诊断起到重要的作用。     

胰腺常见囊性肿瘤的影像表现特征及其鉴别诊断

目的 探讨胰腺常见囊性肿瘤的MSCT和MRI表现特征及其鉴别诊断要点。 方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的41例胰腺囊性肿瘤 的MSCT和MRI表现。 结果 SCN中浆液性微囊性腺瘤7例,呈分叶状,囊小而多,多具有中心瘢痕;浆液性寡囊性腺瘤2例,1例单房、1例多房,囊大而少,边缘分叶;实性浆液性腺瘤1例,CT增强检查明显强化,但T2WI可显示其囊性特征。MCN囊大而少,边缘多光滑。IPMN与胰管相通,单房者多表现为杵状指样的囊,多房者囊常呈多种形态。IPMN胰管可出现远端、近端或全程扩张,而SCN和MCN仅近端扩张。 结论 胰腺常见囊性肿瘤中囊的不同形态对鉴别诊断有提示作用。全程或远端胰管扩张只见于IPMN。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像学分析

目的:探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN)的CT和磁共振成像(mag-netic resonance imaging,MRI)影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的18例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像资料与病理诊断。结果:主胰管型IPMN 3例,表现为主胰管扩张;分支胰管型IPMN 5例,表现为分叶状单发囊性病变或葡萄串样多发囊性病变伴腔内分隔;混合型IPMN 10例,表现为囊性病变伴主胰管扩张。结论:CT和MRI对胰腺IPMN的诊断具有重要价值。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤相关浸润性癌临床病理及预后因素分析

目的：探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN）相关浸润性癌患者的临床病理特征及预后特点。方法：回顾性分析52例胰腺IPMN相关浸润性癌患者的临床资料和病理学特征,并随访其生存情况。结果：52例患者的中位发病年龄为65岁;36例患者的肿瘤发生在胰头部,15例发生在胰体尾部,1例为全胰导管内均有病变。IPMN类型包括,23例胃型,12例肠型,9例胆胰型,7例混合型（“胃型”+“胆胰型”）,1例嗜酸细胞型;浸润性癌类型包括37例导管腺癌,13例胶样癌,1例未分化癌和1例腺鳞癌。血清CA19-9升高的情况在导管腺癌患者中更为显著,浸润性癌类型为导管腺癌患者的CA19-9阳性率为67.57%（25/37）,而浸润型癌类型为胶样癌的患者中CA19-9阳性率为30.77%（4/13）。43例获得随访资料的患者中,无淋巴结转移的患者共30例,中位生存时间较13例淋巴结转移患者（39个月比13个月）长,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;肿瘤局限于胰腺内的21例患者,其中位生存时间较肿瘤浸润胰腺外的22例患者长（45个月比24个月）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。43例患者获得随访,中位随访时间为16个月（5~57个月）,其中1例复发,17例死亡。结论：胰腺IPMN相关浸润性癌类型以导管腺癌为主,而血清CA19-9升高与浸润性癌类型相关。淋巴结转移及肿瘤胰腺外侵犯是胰腺IPMN相关浸润性癌患者预后不良的危险因素。     

Comparative radiological pathological study of biliary intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm and biliary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm

Abdominal Radiology - Biliary tract intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (BT-ITPNs) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BT-IPMNs) are rare and poorly described. Herein, we examined the...     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT表现与病理对照

目的：探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT（MSCT）表现和诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析21例经手术病理确诊的胰腺囊性肿瘤MSCT表现，其中浆液性囊腺瘤5例，黏液性囊腺肿瘤10例，导管内乳头状黏液瘤3例，实性假乳头状瘤3例。男5例，女16例，年龄14—78岁，平均52岁。使用4层和16层螺旋CT，平扫21例，同时增强20例。结果：①浆液性囊腺瘤多表现为多房囊性肿块，囊壁及分隔厚薄均匀，无壁结节。②黏液性囊腺肿瘤表现为多房或单房、边界清楚、无壁结节或壁结节小；而黏液性囊腺癌浸润周围组织、边界不清、壁结节较大。③导管内乳头状黏液瘤为多房或葡萄串样囊性肿块，与扩张的胰管相通。④实性假乳头状瘤边界清，可有较厚包膜，囊性成分与实性成分构成比例不一，实性部分逐步强化。结论：MSCT可以展示胰腺囊性肿瘤的病理特征，对诊断与鉴别诊断有较高的价值。     

Sonographic diagnosis of intraluminal bile duct neoplasm: A report of 3 cases

Intraluminal growing tumors of the bile duct are uncommon causes of jaundice. The sonographic appearance of 2 hilar cholangiocarcinomas or Klatskin tumors and a benign extrahepatic biliary cystadenoma is described. Compared to contrast studies of the bile ducts, sonography better defined the intraductal character of the neoplasms. However, the ultrasound appearance did not allow differentiation between the adenocarcinomas and the benign cystadenoma.     

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas complicated with intraductal hemorrhage, perforation, and fistula formation: CT and MR imaging findings with pathologic correlation

Objective  

To correlate the CT and MR images with pathologic findings on intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) complicated with intraductal hemorrhage, perforation, and fistula.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像学诊断进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤是一种位于扩张的主胰管和(或)分支胰管内、伴大量黏液分泌的肿瘤,易与慢性胰腺炎或胰腺囊腺瘤混淆而延误诊断.本文就国内外近年来关于胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的临床病理学及影像学研究进展进行综述,评价不同影像技术(US、CT、MRCP、ERCP)在胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤诊断中的作用.