冬虫夏草与人工虫草菌丝体无机元素含量的比较

[目的 ]分析比较冬虫夏草及人工虫草菌丝体无机元素含量。 [方法 ]PS 6电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定无机元素含量。 [结果 ]冬虫夏草、蝙蝠蛾拟青霉、虫草头孢菌、蝙蝠蛾被孢霉 4种样品中共测得 2 8种无机元素。 4种样品中P、K、Mg、Fe、Ca的含量均较高 ( >180mg/kg) ;As、Cd、Sb、Hg的含量均较低 ( <1.9mg/kg) ,且在蝙蝠蛾拟青霉和虫草头孢菌中未检出Hg元素。 [结论 ]冬虫夏草与人工虫草菌丝体在无机元素的组分和含量分布的高低趋势上基本一致     

蝙蝠蛾被毛孢虫草菌丝体粉急性毒性和致突变作用

冬虫夏草是我国名贵的滋补纯化中药，被誉为中国中药三大宝之一。但由于受生长条件的限制，天然资源稀缺，现多采用人工方法分离和培育功效菌种来获得冬虫夏草的替代品。蝙蝠蛾被毛孢虫草菌丝体粉（蝙蝠蛾粉）就是以人工发酵工艺生产而取得的冬虫夏草替代品，对小鼠具有一定的改善睡眠作用。为了解其毒性作用，我们依据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》2003年版要求分别对其进行了急性毒性和致突变性的研究。     

一株冬虫夏草内生真菌的鉴定

从野生冬虫夏草中分离、筛选出一株内生真菌JY6-6,观察菌株JY6-6在PDA培养基上培养的形态特征以及菌丝体、分生孢子结构等的显微特征,结果发现该菌株与蝙蝠蛾拟青霉的形态特征基本一致;应用内转录间隔区(ITS)序列测序分析,该菌株与Gen Bank中公布的多株蝙蝠蛾拟青霉序列的相似性均高达99%以上;对相关菌株的ITS基因片段的组分进行分析结合形态特征,最终将其鉴定为蝙蝠蛾拟青霉Paecilomyces hepiali KF770692。为进一步研究和开发冬虫夏草替代品奠定了基础。     

蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊对四氯化碳与酒精所致小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用

目的探讨蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊对四氯化碳与酒精所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法分别采用四氯化碳和酒精灌胃诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定四氯化碳急性肝损伤模型小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的含量及酒精急性肝损伤模型小鼠肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、甘油三酯(TG)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量并观察2组肝组织切片病理形态学变化。结果蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊675、2 025 mg/kg BW剂量组四氯化碳急性肝损伤小鼠血清的ALT、AST含量均低于模型对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。急性酒精性肝损伤模型中,675、2 025 mg/kg BW剂量组的MDA含量和3个剂量组的TG含量明显低于模型对照组,675、2 025 mg/kg BW剂量组的GSH含量明显高于模型对照组,差异均具有显著性(P 0.05)。小鼠肝组织形态学结果表明,四氯化碳肝损伤模型肝组织中、高剂量组的肝脏细胞坏死程度与模型对照组比较积分显著下降,差异具有显著性(P 0.05),各剂量组气球样变积分和高剂量组水样变程度积分也较模型组有显著性降低(P 0.01);蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊能显著改善急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞脂肪变性程度,差异具有显著性(P 0.05)。结论蝙蝠蛾拟青霉复合胶囊对小鼠急性肝损伤具有较好的辅助保护功能。     

灵芝红景天复方胶囊对化学性肝损伤辅助保护作用的研究

目的 探讨以灵芝和红景天为主原料的某胶囊对小鼠化学性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 将实验动物按体重随机分成溶剂和CC14对照组及低、中、高3个剂量组,3个剂量组动物每日经口灌胃给予受试物,溶剂和CCl4对照组给予蒸馏水,连续30 d.于实验结束前1d,CCl4组及各剂量组动物灌胃CCl4染毒,4h后继续给予受试物,24 h后...     

冬虫夏草君沛胶囊改善中老年人运动代谢和运动耐力研究

冬虫夏草数世纪来被用于补益食品和草药。冬虫夏草君沛胶囊（Cordy Max）是采用从冬虫夏草中分离出的蝙蝠蛾拟青霉（Paecilomyces hepiali Chen et Dai）Cs-4菌株，经工业发酵而生产出的冬虫夏草的替代品。Cordy-Max和它的亲本天然冬虫夏草具有多种营养保健功效，临床用于多种疾病的防治。文献报道Cordy Max能改善能量代谢，增加小鼠肝组织稳态高能化合物，提高健康老年中国人的体能，抗疲劳，提高运动员的运动能力，运动代谢和运动心血管功能。     

冬虫夏草及其真伪识别

冬虫夏草是一种昆虫和真菌的复合体。寄生的真菌是冬虫夏草菌,被寄生的虫体是虫草蝙蝠蛾的幼虫。冬虫夏草含有虫草素、虫草多糖、麦角甾醇、核苷酸、19种氨基酸、多种维生素及微量元素等,具有补肺益肾,化痰、平喘,主治久咳虚喘,劳嗽咯血,阳痿遗精,腰膝酸软,食欲不振,老人畏寒,病后久虚不复,及治诸虚百损等病症。     

冬虫夏草及其真伪识别

冬虫夏草是一种昆虫和真菌的复合体。寄生的真菌是冬虫夏草菌，被寄生的虫体是虫草蝙蝠蛾的幼虫。冬虫夏草含有虫草素、虫草多糖、衰角甾醇、核苷酸、19种氨基酸、多种维生素及微量元素等，具有补肺益。肾，化痰、平喘，主治久咳虚喘。劳嗽咯血，阳瘘遗精，腰膝酸软，食欲不振，老人畏寒，病后久虚不复，及治诸虚百损等病症。     

某虫草胶囊免疫调节作用实验观察

冬虫夏草 (Ｃ .ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ)即虫草系麦角菌科冬虫夏草菌 (Ｃ .ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ.Ｓａｃｃ)寄生于虫草蝠蛾属幼虫经土内越冬而成 ,以干燥子座及虫体入药。其性温味甘、补肺益肾 ,可治疗结核、体虚多病等[1 ,2 ] 。因量少价昂 ,现用虫草多为人工繁殖的菌丝体 ,经研究 ,其成份功效与天然虫草基本相同。本实验样品虫草胶囊是虫草菌丝体经科学提炼、浓缩精制而成 ,主要成分为虫草酸等。本实验尝试用不同剂量虫草胶囊给予ＮＩＨ种小鼠灌胃 30天 ,然后在实验鼠身上测定某些免疫指标 ,以了解其是否具有免疫调节作用。1　材料和方法1 1　实验…     

可同人参媲美的补品——冬虫夏草

冬虫夏草,又名冬虫草,它的卓越滋补作用和奇特疗效,近些年来才被人所认识。冬虫草一走向世界,美国、日本、新加坡等东南亚的国家,就争相购买,每吨价值高达50万美元,成了誉满全球的热门补品,为四化换取了大量外汇,其身价可与人参举世同仰。 生命奥秘 冬虫草是一种虫与真菌的结合体,所谓“虫”,即是草蝙蝠蛾时幼虫;所谓“菌”,即是虫草属真菌。虫与菌有机结合,便成了冬虫夏草。那么,它们是怎样的结合呢?这还要先从蝙蝠蛾谈起,这种小蛾类似蝴蝶,     

复合氨基酸片对四氯化碳肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：探讨复合氨基酸片（谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、甘氨酸和L-半胱氨酸）对四氯化碳（CCl4）肝损伤的保护作用。方法：将40只ICR小鼠随机分成阴性对照组、CCh模型组及490mg、980nag／（kgb．w）两个剂量组,剂量组每天灌胃给予复合氨基酸片,阴性对照组和CCIn模型组给予双蒸水。30d后,CCl4模型组及剂量组以5ml／（kgb．w）的剂量一次性经口给予色拉油配置的0．5％CCl4,24h后处死所有小鼠,测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平,取肝脏左叶进行组织病理学检查。结果：980mg／（kgb．w）剂量组的ALT、AST水平降低,与cch模型组比较,有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）;980mg／（kgb．w）剂量组发生肝细胞坏死的病变程度减轻,肝细胞坏死评分降低,与CCl4模型组比较,有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：复合氨基酸片对CCl4肝损伤具有辅助保护作用。     

人工家蚕蛹巴西虫草的毒性研究

对人工家蚕蛹巴西虫草的毒性进行了研究。结果表明：小鼠和大鼠经口ＬＤ５０分别为＞４３．０ｇ／ｋｇ和＞５０ｇ／ｋｇ。３０天喂养试验中大鼠食欲下降，体重增长减慢；血清胆固醇和血清尿素氮浓度降低，血清总蛋白和血糖无改变；血尿常规无异常；心、肝、牌等脏器系数无改变；肝、肾组织病理学检查未发现明显改变。可认为该产品无明显急性和亚急性毒性。     

虫草菌多糖保健粉的大鼠胚胎毒性和致畸性

目的：了解虫草菌多糖保健粉的大鼠胚胎毒性和对胎儿的致畸性。方法：应用传统致畸试验,结果：各剂量组胎鼠毒性和畸形与阴性对照组比较无显著性差异,而给予极高剂量（达5000 mg/kg.bw)时,孕鼠体重增重显著性低于阴性对照组,结论：虫草菌多糖保健粉对孕鼠体重增重有一定的影响,无胚胎毒性和致畸性。     

轮叶党参水提醇沉物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的 ]研究轮叶党参水提醇沉物对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。 [方法 ] 5 0只小鼠随机分为 5组 ,即对照组、乙醇组及 3个给药组。各组均以每次 0 .1ml/10g体重灌胃。对照组给予蒸馏水 ,其余各组均预先给予 40 %的乙醇溶液 ,6h后对照组和乙醇组给予蒸馏水 ,各给药组分别灌胃轮叶党参水提醇沉物 2 0、40、80mg/ml,连续 40d ,检测肝组织中丙二醛 (MDA)、总胆固醇 (TG)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)的活性。 [结果 ]乙醇组的肝组织MDA、TG含量明显高于对照组 ,GSH Px活性明显低于对照组。 3个剂量组肝组织GSH Px活性均明显高于乙醇组 ,给予 2 0、40mg/ml轮叶党参水提醇沉物组肝脏MDA、TG含量明显低于乙醇组 (P <0 .0 1)。 [结论 ]轮叶党参水提醇沉物对酒精性肝损伤有保护作用     

Effects of the mycelial extract of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on in vivo hepatic energy metabolism and blood flow in dietary hypoferric anaemic mice

The beneficial effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps sinensis (Cs), on mice with hypoferric anaemia were evaluated by NMR spectroscopy. Experimental hypoferric anaemia was induced in mice by feeding with an Fe-free diet for 6 weeks. They were then given extract from cultured Cs (200 mg/kg body weight daily, orally) and were placed on an Fe-containing recovery diet (35 mg Fe/kg diet) for 4 weeks. In vivo 31P and 2H NMR spectra acquired noninvasively and quantitatively at weekly intervals were used to evaluate hepatic energy metabolism and blood flow in the mice. During the 4-week Cs-extract treatment, consistent increases were observed in liver beta-ATP: inorganic phosphate value by liver 31P NMR spectroscopy, representing the high energy state, and in blood-flow rate as determined by 2H NMR spectroscopy of deuterated water (D2O) uptake after intravenous injection of D2O. The haematological variables (the packed cell volume and the haemoglobin level) and the hepatic intracellular pH, which was determined from the NMR chemical shift difference between the inorganic phosphate peak and the alpha-phosphate peak of ATP, were not significantly different between Cs-extract-treated and control mice. As blood flow and energy metabolism are thought to be linked, the Cs-extract-increased hepatic energy metabolism in the dietary hypoferric anaemic mice was concluded to be due to increased hepatic blood flow.     

人工家蚕蛹巴西虫草的致突变和致畸变研究

对人工家蚕蛹巴西冬虫夏草的致突畸变作用进行实验研究。结果显示：Ａｍｅｓ试验中的ＴＡ（９７）、ＴＡ（９８）、ＴＡ（１００）和ＴＡ（１０２）４个菌株分别在加和不加Ｓ９条件下平皿掺入法试验结果均阴性；小鼠骨髓ＰＣＥ微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验也均阴性；致畸试验发现引起大鼠仔鼠顶骨和枕骨发育不全和缺失，大脑发育不全，腭裂和唇裂，高、中、低３组的畸形发生有剂量反应关系，其致畸原因尚待查明。     

玉米肽糙米胚芽片对酒精性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的研究玉米肽糙米胚芽片对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法采用无水乙醇诱导大鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,实验设低、中、高3个剂量组,其玉米肽糙米胚芽片剂量分别为400、1 200、2 400 mg/（kg.bw）,另设蒸馏水阴性对照组和乙醇模型对照组,每组10只SD大鼠。分别给大鼠连续经口灌胃45 d后进行肝匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、甘油三酯（TG）测定及肝脏组织病理学检查,观察玉米肽糙米胚芽片对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。结果与模型对照组相比,玉米肽糙米胚芽片中、高剂量组能升高大鼠肝匀浆GSH含量（均P〈0.05）,高剂量组能降低大鼠肝匀浆TG含量（P〈0.05）和减轻肝细胞脂肪变性（P〈0.05）。结论玉米肽糙米胚芽片对酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

Reparative properties of the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps sinensis (Chinese caterpillar mushroom) using HT29 cell culture and rat gastric damage models of injury

Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a traditional Chinese medicine and health food used to support many organ systems. It is commercially produced by cultivation in a liquid medium or on a solid (grain/potato) phase. We tested the effects of hot water extracts of liquid-phase and solid-phase commercially grown CS on its ability to influence proliferation (using Alamar blue, an oxidation/reduction indicator), migration (serial-wounded monolayer photomicroscopy), invasion through collagen gel (fluorometric assay) and indomethacin-induced apoptosis (active caspase-3 colorimetric assay) of human colon cancer HT29 cells. An in vivo study used a rat gastric damage model (indomethacin 20 mg/kg and 4 h restraint with oral administration). The CS extract stimulated cell proliferation threefold when added at 10 μg/ml (P < 0·01). Cell migration increased by 69 % and invasion by 17 % when CS was added at 5 mg/ml (P < 0·01). The results also showed that 93 % of the pro-proliferative activity was soluble in ethanol, whereas pro-migratory activity was divided (61:49) into both ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insoluble sub-fractions. Indomethacin-induced apoptosis was not affected by the presence of CS. CS reduced the amount of gastric injury by 63 % when administered orally at 20 mg/ml (P < 0·01), the results being similar to using the potent cytoprotective agent epidermal growth factor at 25 μg/ml (83 % reduction). We conclude that both methods of cultivated CS possess biological activity when analysed using a variety of gut models of injury and repair. Functional foods, such as CS, could provide a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of injury to the bowel.     

Regulation of Steroidogenesis by Cordyceps sinensis Mycelium Extracted Fractions with (hCG) Treatment in Mouse Leydig Cells

The in vitro effect of extracted fractions of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) mycelium on hCG-treated testosterone production from purified normal mouse Leydig cells was examined. Different fractions extracted from CS (F1-water soluble polysaccharide, F2- water soluble protein and F3- poorly water soluble polysaccharide, and protein) were added to Leydig cells with hCG, and the production of testosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Testosterone productions stimulated by hCG in mouse Leydig cells were suppressed by F2 at 10 mg/ml and F3 at doses from 3 to 10 mg/ml, respectively. F2 and F3 at 10 mg/ml did inhibit dbcAMP-stimulated testosterone productions which indicated that F2 and F3 might affect steroidogenesis at the site after the formation of cyclic AMP. Finally, cycloheximide inhibited F2- and F3-treated mouse Leydig cell testosterone production.