复杂髋臼骨折切开复位内固定临床进展

髋臼的T形骨折、前柱骨折伴半横行后柱骨折、横形伴后壁骨折、后柱加后壁骨折以及双柱骨折等均属复杂髋臼骨折[1]。髋臼位置深在,解剖关系复杂,复杂髋臼骨折损伤累及骨盆、髋关节、股骨头以及附近的肌肉、神经和血管等,对临床的治疗和预后影响较大。正确的解剖复位术式、适当的     

髋臼骨折的临床研究进展

随着高速、高能量所致创伤的增多 ,髋臼骨折的发病率也增高 ,但在处理上仍存在着许多分歧。以往 ,由于局部解剖复杂 ,手术显露困难 ,对髋关节功能的重要性认识不足 ,多采取保守治疗 ,粉碎的髋臼骨折要达到理想的解剖复位和晚期良好的功能极为困难。近年来随着临床医生对此骨折诊治研究的深入以及内固定器材的改进 ,髋臼骨折的治疗水平有了很大的提高 ,目前多主张早期积极手术治疗 ,本文将有关文献作一综述。1　髋臼解剖生物力学髋臼位于髋骨外侧面中下部 ,由髂骨体、耻骨体及坐骨体共同构成 ,呈半球深凹 ,朝向前下外方 ,直径约 3 5ｃｍ ,与…     

复杂髋臼骨折的手术治疗

复杂髋臼骨折多为高能暴力所致，由于髋臼位置深在，解剖关系复杂，使髋臼骨折的诊断和处理较为困难。髋臼骨折又如同其他移位的关节内骨折一样。其功能的恢复取决于骨折是否能得到解剖复位，保守治疗困难，故复杂髋臼骨折主张以手术治疗为主。我院1999年1月-2003年12月治疗58例复杂髋臼骨折并得到随访，疗效报告如下。     

手术治疗髋臼骨折

手术治疗髋臼骨折附属医院骨科袁来宝，狄东华髓臼骨折是一种严重的关节内骨折，主要由于交通和工伤事故而引起。过去对髋臼骨折一般主张保守治疗，常因髋臼关节面未达解剖复位而产生继发性创伤性关节炎。我院自１９９０年１０月～１９９４年１０月根据Ｌｅｔｏｕｒｎｅｌ...     

髋臼骨折的治疗方法探讨

由于髋臼的解剖特点及限于手术条件 ,髋臼骨折难以达到理想的解剖复位和晚期良好的功能。近年来 ,随着临床的深入研究以及内固定器材的改进 ,髋臼骨折的治疗水平有了很大提高。我院 1997— 1999年共收治髋臼骨折 2 8例 ,经临床随访疗效满意 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1本组 2 8例 ,男 2 5例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 19～ 79岁 ,平均 40岁 ,住院时间 14～ 10 2ｄ ,平均 38ｄ ,住院距手术时间平均为 1周。1.2　治疗方法　①胫骨结节牵引加股骨上端外侧牵引 ,本组10例。髋关节中心性脱位或发生于髋臼的低位横行骨折 ,即骨折涉及髋臼窝区域 ,采取骨牵引治…     

经皮微创解剖锁定板在Pilon骨折中的临床应用

目的:探讨经皮微创解剖锁定板治疗Pilon骨折的手术时机、手术优势和手术要求。方法:选取35例Pilon骨折先行跟骨牵引,2期经皮微创解剖锁定板内固定为治疗组,随机选取同时期切开复位内侧解剖锁定板内固定为对照组,分析2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及术后并发症,术后疗效按Tornetta判断标准进行比较。结果:2组在手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量及骨折愈合时间、远期功能疗效满意度方面差异均有显著性统计学意义。结论:经皮微创与切开复位内侧解剖锁定板治疗Pilon骨折均取得满意的术后疗效,但采用经皮微创闭合复位的方法治疗Pilon骨折创伤小、减少术后并发症的发生,有利于骨折愈合,有利于患者的早日康复,亦可节省费用。     

髋臼骨折的分类与治疗策略

髋臼为不规则骨,为丰厚软组织包裹,多为挤压或传导受力导致骨折,髋臼骨折与髋关节活动大有很大关联。髋臼的解剖关系复杂、骨性结构不规则,因而手术难度大。髋臼骨折的分类与手术入路的选择密切相关,此外,还有一些因素也会影响疗效。本文主要讨论髋臼骨折的分类及相应治疗的一些内容。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

髋臼骨折多为高速、高能量损伤造成，由于髋臼位置深在，骨折后局部解剖结构和移位情况复杂，处理十分困难，往往因处理不当而造成残疾，目前多数学者主张手术治疗。我科近年来手术治疗髋臼骨折43例，取得较好疗效，报道如下。     

Classification and treatment of acetabular fractures

髋臼为不规则骨,为丰厚软组织包裹,多为挤压或传导受力导致骨折,髋臼骨折与髋关节活动大有很大关联.髋臼的解剖关系复杂、骨性结构不规则,因而手术难度大.髋臼骨折的分类与手术入路的选择密切相关,此外,还有一些因素也会影响疗效.本文主要讨论髋臼骨折的分类及相应治疗的一些内容.     

髋臼骨折治疗的若干进展

随着我国交通和建筑业的迅速发展 ,高能量损伤所致的髋臼骨折日趋增多。髋臼骨折是骨盆骨折的一种特殊类型 ,属关节内骨折。治疗难度较大。近年来对髋臼骨折的解剖、分类、治疗及并发症的认识不断深入。本文就髋臼骨折治疗中某些进展综述如下。1　治疗方法的选择髋臼骨折是骨盆骨折的一种特殊类型。对于髋臼骨折 ,治疗意见至今尚不统一。 2 0世纪 6 0年代以前 ,非手术治疗在髋臼骨折治疗中占绝对优势 ,Rowe等〔1〕 是其代表人物。 6 0年代Judet和Letournel〔2〕提出髋臼的前后柱概念、合理的骨折分类及相应的手术入路与固定技术 ,使髋臼骨…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.