糖尿病大鼠膀胱逼尿肌兴奋性与收缩性实验研究

目的观察糖尿病膀胱病变逼尿肌兴奋性与收缩性变化,并探讨其发病机制。方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,正常大鼠作对照,测定不同糖尿病病程离体逼尿肌肌条机械性牵张及胆碱能药物刺激后逼尿肌的兴奋性、收缩性变化。结果糖尿病组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌机械性牵张及胆碱能药物刺激后最大收缩力、平均收缩力、收缩频率均较对照组下降。结论糖尿病膀胱病变逼尿肌收缩功能受损,且随病程延长损害程度逐渐加重。逼尿肌对早期胆碱能药物干预反应敏感。     

补充谷氨酰胺对大鼠力竭运动后血、脑游离色氨酸和脑5-羟色胺含量的影响

目的 :探讨补充谷氨酰胺 (Gln)对脑抑制性神经递质及其前体的影响 ,为延缓或消除运动性中枢疲劳探索新的营养途径。方法 :大鼠补充不同剂量Gln 2 0天后进行力竭性跑台运动 ,观察血清、脑组织游离色氨酸 (F -Trp)、游离色氨酸 /支链氨基酸比值 (F -Trp/BCAA)和脑 5 -羟色胺(5 -HT)含量的变化以及探讨它们的相互关系。结果 :大鼠力竭性跑台运动后 ,各组血清Gln无显著差异 ;补充大剂量Gln组血清和脑F -Trp/BCAA比值均显著低于对照组 ,且脑 5 -HT含量显著低于各组 ,血糖则明显高于各组 ;补充小剂量Gln组也出现脑F -Trp/BCAA比值显著低于各组的现象。结论 :补充Gln有助于维持运动中血清Gln水平的稳定 ;能有效地减少脑抑制性神经递质及其前体的生成 ,对长时间运动时中枢机能改善有积极作用 ,并以补充大剂量Gln效果为好。     

红花黄色素在大鼠体肠吸收动力学研究

目的研究红花黄色素在大鼠各肠段的吸收动力学特征。方法采用大鼠在体肠段灌流实验,主要从药物浓度、pH值、吸收部位等3方面对红花黄色素的肠段吸收特性进行研究。结果在5~20μg·ml-1浓度范围内药物浓度对吸收速率常数无影响;在pH7.8~5.4内药物吸收不受pH值影响;各肠段的吸收速率常数按空肠、十二指肠、回肠、结肠顺序依次下降,分别为0.1116、0.0753、0.0739、0.0185h-1。结论药物吸收符合一级动力学特征,吸收机制为被动扩散。     

膝关节腔内游离体病变的影像学诊断

目的：总结分析膝关节腔内游离体病变的影像学表现。方法：回顾性分析24例经病理证实的膝关节腔内游离体病变的影像学表现,观察病变的形态及结构特征。结果：滑膜骨软骨瘤病5例,滑膜软骨肉瘤1例,色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎2例,神经营养性膝关节病1例,骨性关节病7例,剥脱性骨软骨炎4例,血肿钙化2例,关节囊滑液钙化2例。影像学主要表现为关节间隙及或关节囊内单发或多发游离体并相邻骨质的不同程度改变或无骨质改变,伴或不伴关节积液。结论：膝关节腔内含游离体的某些病变具有特征性影像征象,可明确诊断,影像征象不典型者需结合临床病史及多种影像表现综合分析。     

太极扣附着体修复单侧磨牙游离缺失效果观察

目的：观察太极扣弹性附着体修复单侧磨牙游离缺失的临床效果。方法：采用太极扣弹性附着体修复单侧磨牙游离缺失15例,随访3～12个月,分别从患者主观感觉、临床检查和X线摄片检查观察分析其修复效果,并与传统的可摘修复方法进行比较。结果：太极扣弹性附着体在美观性、适应性和稳定性方面,均比传统的修复体有显著提高（P〈0．05）。结论：太极扣弹性附着体是一种值得推广的修复单侧磨牙游离缺失的方法。     

浓缩铀对新生大鼠脑NSE和IL1-β含量变化的研究

目的：研究α辐射体浓缩铀对新生儿大鼠脑发育的影响,方法：新生儿大鼠侧脑室注射2μl铀溶液后,多方位观察不同浓度的浓缩铀对早期体格生长、行为发育的影响,放射自显影示踪术观察脑内放射性核素行径定位,放射免疫技术检测神经元特异性烯醇化醇、白细胞介素－1β的含量变化。结果：新生儿大鼠脑注入浓缩铀后,放射性核素行径主要定位于细胞核中,在细胞浆和细胞间隙中亦有呈现。可导致新生大鼠生长延迟及神经行为异常。大鼠的小脑、皮质、海马、间脑中神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、白细胞介素－1β（IL-1β）的含量随着浓缩铀^235U脑内浓度的增加,NSE含量下降,IL－1β却显著上升,并有浓度反应依赖关系。结论：α辐射体浓缩铀在新生大鼠中对发育脑损伤的作用特征具有神经细胞的敏感性,易脆性和代偿性。     

大鼠头部暴露全氟异丁烯中毒致肺损伤实验模型的建立

目的：建立大鼠头部暴露吸入染毒致急性肺损伤实验模型以便进行全氟异丁烯(pefluoroisobutylene，PFIB)毒理及防治药物研究。方法：用设计的大鼠头部暴露吸入PFIB染毒装置致动物中毒，测定动物中毒后肺灌流液(BALF)中总蛋白含量和肺湿干比变化，在染毒过程中同时用气相色谱连续监测DFIB浓度。结果：在大鼠头部暴露吸入染毒中，PFIB染毒浓度比较稳定。大鼠吸入PFIB0．18mge／L(8—10min)致肺损伤实验模型比较明显，各项指标变化显著，中毒性肺水肿程度与HFIB浓时积(染毒浓度乘以时间，即CT值)呈正相关，动物中毒后12～24h肺灌流液中总蛋白含量和肺湿干比显著升高。结论：建立了大鼠头部暴露动态吸入PFIB中毒致急性肺损伤实验模型，该模型比较稳定，可用于观察动物PFIB中毒性肺水肿程度，也可作为：PFIB毒理及防治药物研究实验方法。大鼠PFIB中毒途径主要通过呼吸道吸入中毒，其吸入毒性至少比腹腔毒性大10倍。     

大鼠慢传输型便秘模型的建立及其结肠肌电变化检测

 目的拟应用复方苯乙哌啶建立一种大鼠慢传输型便秘模型,并采用电生理技术检测便秘大鼠的结肠肌电变化情况,旨在为慢传输型便秘的研究建立一种理想的动物模型,并从电生理的角度初步探讨慢传输型便秘的发病机制.方法健康Wistar大鼠74只,分2期进行实验.第1期42只,随机分7组,每组6只,筛选药物剂量;第2期32只,随机分为对照组、模型组,每组16只,根据所选药物剂量,建立大鼠慢传输型便秘模型.120 d后,采用活性炭灌胃法测定肠道传输速度,同时采用电生理技术进行结肠肌电检测.结果慢传输型便秘模型组大鼠肠道传输速度与对照组相比明显减慢,首粒黑便排出时间为(356±50)min,较对照组大鼠显著延长[(249±35)min,P＜0.01].模型组大鼠结肠慢波出现双向改变,部分大鼠结肠慢波频率明显减慢(P＜0.01),振幅增加(P＜0.01),波形仍表现为不规则的近似正弦波样曲线;部分大鼠结肠慢波频率出现快速性改变(P＜0.01),振幅强弱不等(P＜0.01),波形较不稳定,且出现基线位移.结论成功建立了大鼠慢传输型便秘模型,该模型简单经济,可重复性强.本研究表明结肠慢波异常可能是导致慢传输型便秘结肠传输减慢的重要因素.     

CT游离气体分布对鉴别上/下消化道穿孔的价值

目的：评价CT对上消化道与下消化道穿孔的鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析64例消化道穿孔患者的CT图像,评价游离气体的位置、门静脉周围游离气体征、镰状韧带征和肝圆韧带征与消化道穿孔位置的关系。结果：上消化道穿孔的游离气体位于结肠下区的概率（7／42,16．7％）显著低于下消化道穿孔（18／22,81．8％）,而上消化道与下消化道穿孔的游离气体出现在结肠上区的概率差异无统计学意义（P＝0．25）。门静脉周围游离气体征出现在上消化道穿孔的概率（27／42,64．3％）显著高于下消化道穿孔（8／22,36．4％,P＝0．03）,而镰状韧带征和肝圆韧带征出现在上消化道和下消化道穿孔患者中的概率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：CT 显示游离气体的位置对鉴别消化道穿孔位置有重要价值,门静脉周围游离气体征提示消化道穿孔位于上消化道,结肠下区游离气体提示穿孔位于下消化道。     

腹腔空腔脏器穿孔的螺旋CT诊断价值

目的：在急腹症空腔脏器穿孔中探讨螺旋CT对早期定性诊断及定位诊断的意义。方法分析行CT检查并经手术确诊的腹腔空腔脏器穿孔28例患者的CT表现。结果胃、十二指肠穿孔15例,其中外伤穿孔2例,小肠及结肠穿孔13例,溃疡穿孔13例,外伤所致7例,阑尾炎所致6例。 CT显示腹腔内不同位置、形态的游离气体。结论根据游离气体分布特点,螺旋CT可及时准确的做出定性及定位诊断,空腔脏器穿孔患者早期行CT检查是必需的。     

多层螺旋CT局限性小气泡征在消化道穿孔中的定位诊断价值

目的 评价多层螺旋CT (MSCT)检查胃肠壁外局限性小气泡征(ELAB征)在消化道穿孔中的定位诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析2007-02～2010-10经手术证实的89例消化道穿孔患者的腹部CT图像.按照精确定位法[胃区,小肠(按Cole法分6组),结肠(分4组:盲肠、升结肠,横结肠,降结肠,乙状结肠、直肠)]及上、下消化道分组法,观察胃肠壁外局限性小气泡征与消化道穿孔部位的相关性.分析镰状韧带征、圆韧带征、肝门周围游离气体征(PPFA征)的敏感性、特异性及准确性.结果 89例消化道穿孔中85例出现游离气体,其中18例表现为胃肠壁外局限性小气泡积聚.18例具有ELAB征的穿孔患者脏器定位(按照精确定位法)与手术结果对照,准确性为94.4％(17/18).镰状韧带征、圆韧带征、肝门周围游离气体征(PPFA征)在大体定位(上、下消化道分组法)中的准确性分别为74.2％ (66/89)、68.5％(61/89)、84.3％ (75/89).结论 多层螺旋CT胃肠壁外局限性小气泡征在消化道穿孔定位诊断中有重要价值.     

18F]FBAU 3',5'-dibenzoate, a lipophilic prodrug, enhances brain uptake of the cell proliferation tracer [18F]FBAU

INTRODUCTION: 1-(2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-bromouracil ([(18)F]FBAU) is a cell proliferation tracer. However, it does not pass readily through the blood-brain barrier. We synthesized a lipophilic prodrug of [(18)F]FBAU that was intended to enhance brain uptake of [(18)F]FBAU to improve the imaging of brain cell proliferation. METHODS: [(18)F]FBAU was synthesized according to the methods described by Alauddin [J Med Chem 39 (1996) 2835-2843]. The prodrug, 1-(2-deoxy-3,5-O-dibenzoyl-2-[(18)F]fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-bromouracil ([(18)F]FBAU 3',5'-dibenzoate), was purified from an intermediate of [(18)F]FBAU. Their lipophilicity was determined by performing octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) measurements. In vitro metabolic fates of the prodrug were examined in rat and mouse plasma and brain homogenates. Brain uptake was determined following iv injection of the radiotracers by killing animals at various time points and dissecting and counting the radioactivity accumulation in the various tissues. RESULTS: Values of log P for [(18)F]FBAU 3',5'-dibenzoate and [(18)F]FBAU were 3.95 and -0.35, respectively. In rat plasma, the prodrug was gradually hydrolyzed to [(18)F]FBAU. Thirty minutes after mixing [(18)F]FBAU 3',5'-dibenzoate in the plasma, 25% of the prodrug had been hydrolyzed. The hydrolysis went more slowly in brain homogenates. At 15 min post injection, relative to animals injected with [(18)F]FBAU, brain uptake of radioactivity in animals injected with [(18)F]FBAU 3',5'-dibenzoate was increased by 150% (P=.005) and 78% (P=.037) in rats and mice, respectively. At 60 min post injection, the radioactive contents extracted from the brain were mostly [(18)F]FBAU. CONCLUSION: The synthesized novel prodrug [(18)F]FBAU 3',5'-dibenzoate has enhanced brain uptake in rodents, suggesting it may be useful as an imaging agent for tracing brain cell proliferation.     

Safety of colon contrast material in (helical) CT examination of patients with suspected diverticulitis

Purpose: Today patients with suspected diverticulitis are commonly imaged with a CT scan utilizing a variety of methods of contrast medium administration. Although CT with rectally administered colon contrast has demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy, concerns have been raised over its safety in patients with diverticulitis. The following retrospective investigation was undertaken to answer this concern. Materials and methods: Between January, 1997, and July, 1999, 308 patients with suspected diverticulitis were examined in the Emergency Radiology Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital by means of a helical CT scan performed with rectally administered colon contrast material. The patients' CT findings were correlated with their clinical courses and/or surgical findings. Results: Of the 308 CT scans, 115 (37.3 %) were positive for diverticulitis. Of 193 patients without diverticulitis, 91 (47.1 % of patients without diverticulitis) had alternative diagnoses made by CT, such as small bowel obstruction, epiploic appendagitis, and urinary tract calculi. No complications due to colon contrast material were noted. Even in cases where there was free extraluminal air, no extravasated contrast material was seen. Rectally administered colon contrast was well tolerated by patients and provided excellent large bowel opacification. This method saved imaging time in an emergency setting, as there was no need to wait for oral contrast to reach the colon. Conclusion: Out of 308 CT scans, there were no complications from the use of rectally administered colon contrast material. No case of traumatic bowel perforation secondary to colon contrast material was observed. Rectally administered colon contrast material is safe in the CT examination of patients with suspected diverticulitis.     

Angiodysplasia of the colon.

Angiodysplasia of the colon was diagnosed by arteriography in 33 patients. Approximately one fourth of the lesions were located in the left side of the colon. Three patients with sigmoid lesions had a second lesion elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. The lesions on the left involved a more extensive segment of bowel than those on the right. Almost one third of the patients were younger than 60, and 2 were in their thirties. The angiodysplasia is the source of the bleeding in most patients, and its resection results in cure.     

Radiologic findings of gastrointestinal tract involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the radiologic findings of gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to discuss mechanisms of spread. METHOD: Eighteen patients with histologically proven GI tract metastasis in HCC for 4.5 years underwent CT and five also underwent upper GI (UGI) series. The cases were classified according to the mode of spread, based on the radiologic findings. RESULTS: The involved portion of the GI tract was the stomach (n = 11), duodenum (n = 4), and colon (n = 4). The mode of spread was direct invasion from a contiguous primary tumor (n = 12), hematogenous metastasis (n = 3), peritoneal seeding (n = 1), and undetermined (n = 2). In cases of direct invasion from contiguous primary tumors, CT revealed GI tract invasion directly from bulky hepatic masses (n = 9) or daughter masses at the portion of the bowel wall contiguous to the hepatic masses (n = 3). In cases of hematogenous spread, CT revealed an intramural mass in the stomach and duodenum (n = 2) or a diffuse thickening of the wall of the stomach (n = 1). In the case of peritoneal seeding, CT revealed multiple small nodules in the right paracolic gutter, omentum, and mesentery with invasion to the colon. CONCLUSION: GI tract involvement in HCC shows various radiologic findings according to the mode of spread, but the most common finding is direct invasion of the stomach, duodenum, or colon from contiguous primary tumor.     

妇科门诊泌尿生殖道支原体感染及药敏分析

目的：分析泌尿生殖道系统中支原体感染及药物敏感情况,指导临床合理用药。方法：用支原体培养及药敏试剂盒检测泌尿生殖道分泌物。结果：支原体检出阳性率为44.59%（305/684）,其中Uu阳性百分率为69.51%（212/305）,Mh阳性率为10.16%（31/305）,两者混合感染阳性率为20.33%（62/305）。支原体对交沙霉素、强力霉素、克拉霉素较敏感,其敏感率〉80%;对司帕沙星、氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、环丙沙星较不敏感,其敏感率〈45%。结论：支原体感染以Uu为主,治疗以交沙霉素、强力霉素、克拉霉素为首选药物,临床还需根据支原体培养药敏结果个性化用药治疗。     

血清TPS浓度在消化道肿瘤中价值的研究

共选择３０例消化道肿瘤病人，其中食管癌，胃癌，大肠癌各１０例，设健康献血者３０例，对两组血清特异型组织多肽抗原浓度进行了检测，结果肿瘤组血清ＴＰＳ浓度明显高于健康人。消化道肿瘤阳性检出经达７０％，其中食管癌８０％，胃癌６０％，大肠癌７０％。消化道肿瘤合并淋巴转移阳性检出率达７６．９％，其中食管癌１００％，胃癌６６．７％，大肠癌７０．０％。随着病程发展，血清ＴＰＳ浓度呈现升高趋势。     

Imaging diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy by 99mTc-labeled serum albumin

Abdominal scintigraphy with intravenous injection of 99mTc-labeled serum albumin was performed in 6 patients with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and 3 patients with non-gastrointestinal tract disorders. In 3 out of 6 patients with PLE, abnormal radioactivity was observed in the ileum region 3 hours after injection, and thereafter clear colon image was obtained. In the remaining 3 patients, the colon was visualized 24 hours after injection. On the other hand, in all patients with non-gastrointestinal tract disorders, no abnormal radioactivity was observed in the abdomen until 24 hours after injection. These results indicate that gastrointestinal protein loss could be demonstrated by scintigraphy with intravenously administered 99mTc-labeled serum albumin. In one healthy subject, 99mTc-labeled serum albumin was administered orally and abdominal scintigraphy was performed. Gastrointestinal tract image was only observed and no other image was demonstrated until 24 hours after oral administration. This result suggests that 99mTc excreted into the gastrointestinal tract is not reabsorbed. Therefore, abdominal scintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled serum albumin appears to be a simple and useful method for diagnosis of PLE.     

Phlebosclerotic colitis

Phlebosclerotic colitis (PC) is a rare form of ischemic colitis that usually affects the right hemicolon. It is due to ischemia induced by phlebosclerosis in the branches of the superior mesenteric vein that disturb venous return from the colon. The clinical course is different from that of the more common type of ischemic colitis caused by arterial disease. We encountered a 73-year-old woman with PC who had the characteristic computed tomographic finding of fine linear venous calcification that was mainly perpendicular to the long axis of the colon.     

槲皮苷在人结肠癌上皮细胞内的吸收与代谢研究

目的研究槲皮苷在人结肠癌上皮细胞内的吸收和代谢特征。方法以人结肠癌上皮细胞为模型,采用液相色谱串联质谱法,测定人结肠癌上皮细胞上的槲皮苷及其代谢产物（包括槲皮素和3′-甲基槲皮素、4′-甲基槲皮素等）。结果 30～150min中均能在人结肠癌上皮细胞内检测到槲皮苷、槲皮素和3′-甲基槲皮素、4′-甲基槲皮素,胞内摄取呈现120min内随时间先升后降、120min达稳态的趋势特征。同时在细胞内检测到槲皮素进一步代谢产物槲皮素葡萄糖醛酸、槲皮素三硫酸酯和槲皮素葡萄糖醛酸化硫酸酯,以及3个未知产物特异吸收峰,未发现[M＋H]＋准分子离子峰m/z〉600的代谢产物。结论槲皮苷在人结肠癌上皮细胞中以完整的糖苷形式吸收,在胞内脱糖基后进行甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化和硫酸化等转化和代谢。