种植体周围龈沟液白介素-8水平的研究

目的测定种植体周围炎龈沟液(gingival crevicular fluid,GCF)中白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-8水平,探讨IL-8与种植体周围炎的关系,并与牙周炎相比较。方法选择健康种植体20例和种植体周围炎24例、牙周炎12例,测定种植体周、牙周GCF量并运用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测GCF中IL-8总量及浓度;同时检查各自的临床指标,包括松动度(mobility,MOB)、菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI)、牙龈出血指数(gingival bleeding index,GBI)、探诊深度(probing depth,PD)和骨丧失(bone loss,BL)。结果种植体周围炎GCF量、IL-8总量和浓度均高于健康种植体(P<0.01);GCF量、IL-8水平与临床指标之间有显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。种植体周围炎与牙周炎各检查指标间无显著差异。结论种植体周围GCF量及GCF中IL-8水平的变化与种植体周围炎的发生有关,与牙周炎相似。     

种植体周龈沟液高迁移率族蛋白B1的检测分析

目的:检测种植体周围炎患者龈沟液(gingival crevicular fluid,GCF)中高迁移率族蛋白B-1(high mobility groupbox l,HMGB-1)的水平,以探讨HMGB-1水平与种植体周围炎间的关系。方法 :经患者知情同意,选取行种植手术1年以上的健康种植体39颗和种植体周围炎40颗,共79颗种植体,收集种植体周围GCF,并运用ELISA法检测其中HMGB-1、IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α的浓度,同时检测种植体周围的临床指标。结果 :轻度种植体周围炎组的HMGB-1、IL-1β、IL-8及TNF-α浓度高于健康种植体组,重度种植体周围炎的浓度水平又高于轻度种植体周围炎组,HMGB-1与IL-1β、TNF-α的浓度之间亦存在正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:种植体周围GCF中HMGB-1水平变化与种植体周围炎的病变程度有关,且与经典炎症因子间存在显著相关性,临床检测GCF中HMGB-1水平可作为诊断种植体周围炎的客观指标。     

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目的探讨龈沟液中白介素-18（IL-18）和基质金属蛋白酶-13（MMP-13）表达与种植体周围炎的关系,评价其作为种植体周围炎诊断客观指标的意义。方法选择2011年5月至2013年5月在佳木斯大学口腔医学院口腔种植科行ITI种植体种植的患者30例作为研究对象（种植体40颗）,根据种植体周围情况将其分为健康种植体组（28颗）和炎症种植体组（12颗）：将对侧同名健康天然牙作为对照（健康天然牙组,40颗）。分别检测各组的牙周探诊深度（PD）、出血指数（SBI）、龈沟液（GCF）量及GCF中的IL-18、MMP-13含量并进行分析。结果炎症种植体组的PD、SBI值显著高于健康种植体组和健康天然牙组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。炎症种植体组的GCF量以及GCF中IL-18和MMP-13含量均高于健康种植体组和健康天然牙组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。健康种植体组与健康天然牙组比较,两组的PD、SBI、GCF量以及GCF中IL—18和MMP-13含量的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论IL-18和MMP-13与种植体周围炎有密切关系,可作为种植体周围炎早期诊断的有效检测指标。     

种植体周龈沟液中白细胞介素-17和23质量浓度的测定

目的探讨白细胞介素(IL)-17和23在正常种植体和种植体周围炎中表达的异同,两者在种植体周围炎发生发展过程中的作用和相互关系。方法根据种植体周情况将其分为健康种植体组和炎症种植体组,以对侧同名健康天然牙为对照组。采集龈沟液并测量其体积,运用夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定IL-17和23的质量浓度。结果在种植体周围炎患者龈沟液中,IL-17和23的质量浓度明显高于健康种植体组(P<0.01),健康种植体组略高于对照组(P<0.05)。种植体周和天然牙周龈沟液的体积以及IL-17和23与牙周状况呈正相关关系,种植体周围龈沟液中IL-17与23呈线性正相关。结论IL-17和23的质量浓度与种植体周围炎的发生相关,种植体周IL-17与23间的质量浓度呈正相关,即IL-17和23可能在种植体周围炎症反应过程中形成了IL-23—IL-17免疫应答途径。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌与龈沟液中白细胞介素8关系的研究

目的:探讨龈沟液(GCF)中白细胞介素8(IL -8)在慢性牙周炎病程中的变化、IL- 8与牙周临床检测指标以及同龈下菌斑中细菌含量的相关关系。方法: 5名非牙周炎患者的10颗牙周健康牙和30名慢性牙周炎(CP)患者的70颗牙(其中10颗为健康牙, 60颗为牙周炎患牙)纳入本研究。采集观察牙的GCF样本、龈下菌斑样本,同时记录所有牙的牙龈指数(GI)、牙周袋探诊深度(PPD)、临床附着丧失水平(CAL)。用ELISA法检测样本中IL -8的水平,用厌氧菌培养技术培养菌斑标本,用PCR法检测菌斑中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg),结果:慢性牙周炎组的GCF中IL -8的总量高于临床牙周健康组,而IL -8的质量浓度在各组中无差异。GCF中IL- 8浓度与GI、PPD、CAL无相关关系,而IL -8的总量与GI、PPD、CAL呈正相关关系。龈下菌斑中Pg的检出量与GCF中IL- 8的含量间未发现有相关关系。结论:慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL- -8量增加与龈沟液分泌增加有关而与牙龈卟啉单胞菌检出CFU无关。     

牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL—8的含量测定

目的：研究IL－8在牙周炎病程中的变化及与临床指标的关系,方法：采用双抗夹心ABC－ELISA法测定慢性牙周炎（CP）患者,健康对照者以及CP治疗前后患者的龈沟液中IL－8含量,IL－8总量,同时检测临床指标并作相关性检验。结果：CP患者龈沟液中IL－8检出率显著高于健康对照者（P＜0．025）,在CP患者和健康者之间以及CP治疗前后患者的龈沟液中IL－8总量,龈沟液（GCF）量均存在统计学差异（分别为P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,而IL－8含量无统计学差异（P＞0．05）,IL－8总量,GCF量与临床指标存在正相关性（P＜0．01）,结论：IL－8总量在牙周炎病程中呈动态性改变,检测GCF中IL－8的水平对评价牙周炎的程度及指导临床治疗有一定价值。     

侵袭性牙周炎龈沟液中白介素-8 的检测

目的：检测侵袭性牙周炎（AgP）龈沟液中白细胞介素（IL-8）的总量和浓度并探讨其与牙周临床指标的关系。方法：采用常规滤纸条法收集侵袭性牙周炎实验组患牙（T1）和健康牙（T2）各位点及正常对照组（C）各位点的龈沟液（GCF）样本,用ELISA法检测各样本中IL-8的总量和浓度。结果：3组受检牙龈沟液中IL-8的总量和浓度不同。侵袭性牙周炎患牙组GCF中IL-8总量高于健康牙位组（P〈0．05）及正常对照组;而3组中IL-8浓度差异也有显著性,侵袭性牙周炎患牙组GCF中IL-8的浓度高于健康牙位组（P〈0．05）和正常对照组;虽然GCF中IL-8浓度与牙周探诊深度（PD）、牙龈出血指数（BOP）、附着丧失（AL）无相关关系;但IL-8总量与以上牙周临床指标相关。结论：在侵袭性牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL-8是参与牙周炎症反应的重要调节因子。     

实验性种植体周围炎龈沟液中IL-10和IL-17的分析

目的：分析实验性种植体周围炎不同时期龈沟液（PISF）中IL-10和IL-17的变化,探讨其在种植体周围炎发生发展过程中的作用。方法：采用丝线结扎法建立狗的实验性种植体周围炎模型,种植体随机分为实验组A（丝线持续结扎17w）和实验组B（结扎8w后去除丝线并进行洁治）,以口腔内另一侧不进行丝线结扎的种植体为对照。各组种植体分别在丝线结扎时（基点）和基点后1、4、8、9、13、17周时记录牙周袋深度（PPD）、菌斑指数（PI）和改良龈沟出血指数（MBI）,采集种植体周围龈沟液,检测PISF的量以及其中IL-10和IL-17的含量。分析不同时间点和不同组别种植体各项临床指标、PISF量以及其中IL-10和IL-17的差异。结果：与对照组相比,丝线结扎后种植体周围PPD、PI和MBI均出现改变。在临床指标出现改变前,PISF的量以及其中IL-10和IL-17的含量开始变化。PISF的量随时间增加,8周后保持比较稳定的水平,洁治后PISF量降低,13周后与对照组无差异。IL-10的含量随时间降低,8周后保持比较稳定的水平,洁治后开始升高。IL-17的含量随时间增加,洁治后降低。结论：IL-10和IL-17与种植体周围炎的发生发展有密切关系,其含量可在一定程度上反映种植体周围组织的炎症状况,IL-17可能作为早期诊断和预测种植体周围炎的指标。     

种植体周龈沟液IL-17A和IL-35水平检测及意义

目的分析种植体组不同时期龈沟液(peri-implant sulcular fluid,PISF)中(interleukin,IL)-17A和IL-35水平改变,探讨其在种植体周围炎或黏膜炎发展过程中的作用和相互关系。方法收集2008—2013年在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院口腔科行种植修复患者共40例为研究对象,分为种植体健康组20例和种植体炎症组20例,将种植体炎症组经过治疗后作为对照组。在种植体中有单冠修复、联冠修复。采集不同患者龈沟液并定量,对标本采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附方法 (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)测定各组龈沟液中IL-17A和IL-35表达水平。并分别记录健康组、种植体炎症组、治疗后种植体炎症组探诊出血指数,改良出血指数,牙龈指数,并行统计学分析。结果种植体炎症组IL-17A,IL-35水平比健康组IL-17A,IL-35水平高(P<0.05),炎症组IL-17A水平治疗前比治疗后高(P<0.05),炎症组IL-35水平治疗后比治疗前升高(P<0.05),Pearson相关检验示,IL-35和IL-17A表达成负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 IL-35和IL-17A的表达与种植体黏膜炎或者周围炎的发生发展密切,IL-17A和IL-35是辅助种植体周围炎诊治和评估抗炎疗效的潜在分子生物学指标。     

糖尿病患者种植术后早期种植体周围龈沟液中相关炎症因子表达

目的 :探讨糖尿病患者种植体周围龈沟液量及龈沟液中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TFN-α和IFN-γ水平的表达。方法:选择2016-03—2018-03在河北省石家庄市赵县妇幼保健院口腔科种植科进行ITI种植体植入且全瓷冠修复的糖尿病患者30例。另选30例同期血糖正常的种植牙患者作为对照组。统计糖尿病患者组和正常患者组种植体临床指标(牙周探诊、龈沟出血指数)、种植体龈沟液量及种植体龈沟液中IL-1β、 IL-6、 IL-8、IL-10、TFN-α和IFN-γ水平的表达。结果:糖尿病患者组种植体临床指标(牙周探诊、龈沟出血指数)与正常患者组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而糖尿病患者组种植体龈沟液量低于正常患者组(P<0.05)。与正常患者组相比,糖尿病患者组种植体龈沟液中表达的IL-1β、IL-8、TFN-α、IFN-γ明显升高(P<0.05),IL-10表达量明显降低(P<0.05),而IL-8表达量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:糖尿病患者组种植体龈沟液量少,其高表达IL-1β、IL-8、TFN-α、IFN-γ,而低表达IL-10。     

牙周炎症对牙龈组织巨噬细胞胞外诱捕网形成的影响

目的:探讨牙周炎症对牙龈组织中巨噬细胞胞外诱捕网(METs)形成的影响。方法:纳入基础治疗后,需进行牙周翻瓣手术的牙周炎患者29例,以牙周健康的牙冠延长术患者20例作为对照。术前记录菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)、探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)等牙周临床指标,收集龈沟液(GCF)样本,术中收集牙周炎患者牙周破坏最严重部位的牙龈组织及牙冠延长术患者的健康牙龈组织。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察牙龈组织中METs的形成情况,采用ELISA技术检测GCF中TNF-α和IL-9表达水平,分析两组样本METs形成水平与各牙周临床指标、GCF中TNF-α、IL-9水平的相关性。结果:牙周炎组METs形成分数,PLI、GI、PD、CAL等牙周临床指标,以及TNF-α、IL-9水平均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。METs形成分数与PD、CAL正相关(P<0.05)。结论:牙周炎症破坏可以促进牙龈组织中METs的形成。     

Crevicular interleukin-1β in moderate and severe periodontitis patients and the effect of phase I periodontal treatment

Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a potent stimulator of bone resorption, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction. However, the relationship between cytokines and periodontal disease has not been studied sufficiently to allow definitive conclusions. The aims of this study are to investigate crevicular IL-1β and the clinical status of patients with periodontitis and the effect of phase I periodontal therapy on levels of IL-1β. For this study, 130 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were harvested from non-inflamed (15) and diseased sites (115) in 11 patients with periodontitis. The gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) of each site was recorded initially and one month after treatment. The amount of IL-1β in the GCF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an antibody specific for this cytokine. Before treatment, IL-1β was found in 12 of 15 non-inflamed gingival crevices and in 112 of 115 diseased pockets. The amount of IL-1β varied from 4.03 to 511.12 pg/site. The average amount of IL-1/7 from diseased sites was 3-fold greater than that from non-inflamed sites. Both total amount of IL-1β and the GCF volume, but not IL-1β concentration, were found to be correlated, positively, with GI score and PD. After therapy, 63 sites from 7 patients were re-examined, and the amount of 1L-1β in 49 of 63 sites was found to have declined. These data suggest that the amount of Crevicular IL-1β is closely associated with periodontal status. This relationship may be valuable in monitoring periodontal disease activity.     

Lactoferrin in the gingival crevice as a marker of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in periodontal diseases

Abstract This study examined lactoferrin (LF) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and set out to test the hypothesis that LF could act as a marker of crevicular polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted: (a) to quantify total LF (ng/30 s sample) in GCF; (b) to correlate LF levels (ng/μl) and PMN numbers (PMNs/μl) in gingival crevicular washings (GCW). GCF was collected from 71 sites in a total of 22 patients. These sites were classified on the basis of clinical indices of gingivitis (GI) and pocket depth (PD) into three clinical groups:‘healthy’, ‘gingivitis’ and ‘periodontitis’. GCWs were obtained from an additional 63 sites in 21 patients. LF in GCF and GCWs was assayed by a sandwich ELISA. Total leucocyte and differential counts were performed on the GCWs. GCF LF (ng/30 s) correlated positively with GI (r=0.418, p<0.001), PD (r=0.415, p<0.001) and GCF volume (r=0.624, p<0.001). Gingivitis (n=21) and periodontitis sites (n=24) demonstrated significantly higher (p<0.05) total GCF LF than healthy (n=26) sites. In GCWs LF (ng/μl) showed stronger correlations with clinical indices (GI: r=0.452, PD: r=0.513, p<0.001) than did PMN numbers (PMNs/μl) (GI: r=0.279, PD: r=0.388, p<0.05). LF correlated strongly with PMNs in GCWs (r=0.531, p<0.001) and provides a simple and effective marker of crevicular PMN numbers.     

慢性牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后龈沟液中白介素-10水平的变化

目的探讨慢性牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后龈沟液中抗炎性细胞因子白介素(IL)-10水平的变化。方法采集12例慢性牙周炎患者的12个健康牙位和36个炎症牙位于治疗前及治疗后6、122、4周的龈沟液,用酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)检测龈沟液中IL-10的浓度。另外,分别记录治疗前、后的探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)、牙龈指数(GI)和菌斑指数(PlI)。结果IL-10浓度在健康牙位明显高于炎症牙位(P<0.01),且于牙周治疗后明显升高。IL-10浓度与探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论IL-10浓度与牙周组织破坏程度呈负相关,在牙周炎中起抗炎作用。     

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in periodontal disease: detection of HGF in gingival crevicular fluid

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) acts as a mitogen, motogen, morphogen, anti-apoptotic factor, and scatter factor for various kinds of epithelial cells. It is a protein secreted by mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, and promotes motility and matrix invasion of epithelial cells. To clarify whether HGF is involved in periodontal disease, this study was conducted to determine whether HGF is present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and to investigate the relationship between levels of HGF and the clinical parameters of periodontal disease, probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP). We examined and collected GCF samples from 80 sites in 38 subjects with periodontal or other oral diseases. The concentrations of HGF, IL-1beta and PGE2 were determined by ELISA, and active collagenase activity was determined by functional assay. The HGF level correlated positively with PD and GI, and was significantly higher in specimens from BOP-positive sites and those where PD exceeded 4 mm compared with those from sites that were BOP-negative or with a PD less than 3 mm. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of HGF and IL-1beta. These results indicate that the HGF level in GCF correlates well with clinical parameters of periodontal disease, and suggest that HGF may be involved in epithelial invasion through its role as a scatter factor.     

Collagenolytic activity in crevicular fluid from patients with chronic adult periodontitis, localized juvenile periodonitis and gingivitis, and from healthy control subjects

Collagenolytic activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampled from 25 healthy control subjects, 25 gingivitis, 25 chronic adult periodontitis (CAP) and 8 LJP patients was correlated with clinical disease parameters using both the site and the patient as sampling units. Among patients collagenase activity increased with the severity of the disease in the order: healthy < gingivitis < periodontitis. Among sites , significant correlation was found between GCF collagenase activity and pocket depth in CAP and LJP, but not in gingivitis patients. Enzyme activity was also correlated with GI score in LJP, but not in CAP and gingivitis patients. In a subset of 10 patients in each of the healthy, gingivitis and CAP groups the association of enzyme activity and crevicular fluid volume (flow) was examined. Significant correlation was found between fluid volume and pocket depth in CAP patients, and between fluid volume and GI score in gingivitis patients, but no association was observed between collagenase activity and fluid volume. The Collagenolytic enzyme was shown to be a genuine vertebrate collagenase derived from unidentified host cells. The concentration of the enzyme in crevicuar fluid from CAP patients was in the order of 10 μg/ml.     

The evaluation of cystatin C, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha levels in total saliva and gingival crevicular fluid from 11- to 16-year-old children

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of cystatin C, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the total saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy children (PHC) and children with gingivitis (CG) who were between 11 and 16 years old. METHODS: The study was carried out with 10 PHC and 25 CG. Unstimulated total saliva and GCF samples were obtained. Clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI), were assessed. GCF samples were collected from four maxillary upper incisors. After sampling, biochemical analyses were performed using latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for cystatin C and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. The multivariate analysis of variance test was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: In total saliva, cystatin C and TNF-alpha levels were higher in PHC, and IL-1beta levels were higher in CG, but the differences were not statistically significant. In GCF, cystatin C levels were higher in PHC (P >0.05), whereas TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were higher in CG (P >0.05). In the CG group, there were positive correlations between the GCF cystatin C level and the PI of the sampled site (r = 0.488; P <0.05); also, GCF IL-1beta (r = 0.603; P <0.05) and TNF-alpha (r = 0.456; P <0.05) levels were positively correlated with PD and CAL. For the whole mouth and the sampled sites, PI, GI, GBI, PD, and CAL values were higher in CG (P <0.05), but no significant differences were detected between GCF volumes of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first evaluation of cystatin C in the gingival disease mechanism in children. Our results showed that total saliva and GCF cystatin C levels were higher in PHC (P >0.05), but there was no correlation between cystatin C levels and IL-1beta or TNF-alpha levels in total saliva or GCF.     

IL-35在慢性牙周炎血清及龈沟液中的表达及相关性

目的通过检测牙周炎患者血清及龈沟液中白细胞介素35( IL-35)的水平,分析其与临床指标的相关性,初步探讨IL-35在牙周疾病过程中的变化情况。方法按纳入标准选择20例中、重度牙周炎患者作为实验组,20例健康人群作为对照组;记录患者的一般信息、牙周袋探诊深度( PD)和临床附着丧失( CAL) 情况;收集静脉血清及龈沟液样本,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清及龈沟液中的IL-35水平;利用SPSS19.0软件包进行Pearson秩相关检验,分析IL-35的表达及与临床指标的关系。结果实验组血清及龈沟液中IL-35平均浓度分别为（330.42±19.23）ng/mL、(205.56±14.42) ng/mL,对照组分别为(206.89±45.01) ng/mL、(101.88±3.34 ) ng/mL,实验组血清及龈沟液中IL-35水平显著高于对照组( P<0.01)。实验组血清及龈沟液中IL-35水平分别与PD和CAL呈负相关。结论慢性牙周炎可导致血清及龈沟液中IL-35水平显著升高, 其升高程度与牙周炎呈负相关。     

The influence of diabetes on gingival crevicular fluid beta-glucuronidase and interleukin-8

OBJECTIVES: Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) dysfunction is associated with diabetes. We examined the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) beta-glucuronidase (BG) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels of periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty five adults with type 2 DM and 32 adults without DM, both with chronic periodontitis were enrolled. GCF was collected from eight posterior sites in each quadrant, and periodontal parameters were recorded. GCF was assayed for IL-8 by ELISA and BG by a fluorometric assay. RESULTS: GCF IL-8 was positively correlated with probing depth (PD), and GCF BG but not clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), or plaque index (PI). In contrast, GCF BG was strongly correlated with each of the clinical measures of periodontal disease. Subjects with DM significantly lower levels of both BG (73.0+/-44.8 versus 121.9+/-84.6 pg/sample; p=0.002) and IL-8 (32.1+/-33.1 versus 90.8+/-83.2 pg/sample; p<0.0001) even after adjustments for age, gender, PD, CAL, BOP, and PI. Neither BG nor IL-8 was correlated with HbA1c levels in subjects with DM. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that an inadequate local response by PMN, partially explained by an altered chemokine gradient, may contribute to periodontal disease in patients with type 2 DM.