冠状动脉造影狭窄而核素心肌灌注显像阴性患者分析

目的探讨冠状动脉（简称冠脉）造影狭窄而核素心肌灌注显像阴性的影响因素。方法回顾性分析133例冠脉造影显示有狭窄病变而核素运动心肌灌注显像正常患者的检查资料，比较2种检查的差异。结果所有患者均完成了运动负荷心肌灌注显像，其中46例（35％）运动负荷试验达到了满意的次极量运动心率。133例冠脉造影显示单支病变84例（63％），双支病变31例（23％），三支病变17例（13％），单纯左主干病变1例（1％）；17例三支病变中有13例（76％）各支血管之间的狭窄程度相差≤20％，显示狭窄病变较均衡。133例患者狭窄冠脉共202支，其中左前降支（LAD）93支（46％）、左回旋支（LCX）52支（26％）、右冠状动脉（RCA）52支（26％），左主干5支（2％）；狭窄程度为50％～70％的86支（43％）、〉70％～90％的有100支（49％）、〉90％～100％的有16支（8％）。结论冠脉造影狭窄而核素心肌灌注显像阴性多出现于运动量不足、轻中度狭窄病变、单支病变及均衡性三支病变患者。     

2型糖尿病患者冠心病冠脉造影与心电图特点分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者冠心病冠脉造影及心电图特点。方法:203例患者按照冠心病的临床分类分为心梗组与非心梗组,对冠脉造影及心电图结果进行分析。结果:心梗组患者冠脉造影狭窄血管总数明显高于非心梗组(62.8%对53.3%,P<0.01),且三支血管病变多(50.0%对26.5%,P<0.01),病变血管完全闭塞比例高(23.0%对12.4%,P<0.01);而单支血管病变(14.4%对28.3%,P<0.05)和血管狭窄程度<50%的比例(4.9%对14.1%,P<0.01)均低于非心梗组。两组之间的狭窄病变分布部位,弥漫受累血管总数,弥漫病变分布部位及各分支弥漫受累比例差异均无统计学意义。心电图分析结果示心梗组的病理性Q波出现率明显高于非心梗组(67.8%8%对19.5%,P<0.01)且T波倒置多(74.4%对59.3%,P<0.05)而ST段改变两组差异无显著性意义(43.3%对46.9%,P>0.01)。结论:2型糖尿病冠心病在冠脉造影上心梗组较非心梗组冠状动脉狭窄病变支数多及其狭窄程度严重,病变的分布部位及弥漫性受累血管总数差异不显著。心电图是2型糖尿病冠心病的一种简单有效的筛选方法,但存在一定的假阳性率和假阴性率。     

糖化血红蛋白与冠状动脉病变程度关系的探讨

目的探讨冠心病患者糖化血红蛋白水平与冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系。方法冠状动脉造影住院患者209例,经造影确诊冠心病164例（占78．5％）,排除冠心病患者45例（占21．5％）。冠状动脉病变程度以冠状动脉病变的支数表示,分为正常对照组、冠状动脉单支血管病变组、冠状动脉多支血管病变组。所有研究对象检测糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、血脂。结果冠状动脉多支血管病变组HbA1c水平（6．65±1．44）％,冠状动脉单支病变组（6．18±1．16）％,冠脉造影正常组HbA1c水平（6．06±1．05）％。冠脉多支血管病变组HbA1C水平较单支病变组及正常对照组高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,冠脉单支病变组HbA1c与冠脉造影正常组比较无显著差异。结论血清HbA1C水平对判断冠状动脉病变程度有一定的价值。     

心肌声学造影和二维斑点追踪成像在冠心病诊断中的应用价值

目的 分析对比冠心病患者的心肌声学造影(MCE)、二维斑点追踪成像技术(2D-STI)与冠状动脉血管造影术的结果，评价左心室心肌声学造影及2D-STI在冠心病节段室壁血流灌注异常中的应用价值。方法 选取本院50例临床初诊为冠心病患者的心肌声学造影及2D-STI,将其分别与冠状动脉造影结果进行对照分析，评估其在室壁节段血流灌注异常的准确性与一致性。结果 50例冠心病患者经冠状动脉造影纳入血管共150支，其中40例患者经冠状动脉造影证实有单支或多支冠状动脉狭窄>50%,病变血管56支，左前降支30支，左旋支12支，右冠状动脉14支。单支病变22例，多支病变18例，冠状动脉造影正常10例。按照冠状动脉的供血范围与左心室壁17节段相对应关系入选的心肌节段共850个，冠状动脉狭窄0%～49%的心肌节段共672个，冠状动脉狭窄50%～75%的心肌节段共65个，冠状动脉狭窄76%～99%的心肌节段共103个，冠状动脉完全闭塞的心肌节段10个。MCE检出心肌灌注异常与冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的一致性为89%,2D-STI检出节段室壁运动异常与相应供血支冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的一致性为87%;以冠状动脉...     

超声检测冠状动脉内皮功能变化评价冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度

目的：探讨经胸超声心动图冠状动脉(冠脉)血流显像技术检测冠脉内皮功能及其在评价冠脉病变程度中的价值。材料和方法：对43例冠心病患者及37例健康人进行冷加压试验检测冠脉内皮功能,并与冠脉病变支数进行分析。结果：正常对照组冷加压试验后冠脉前降支血流速度的增加为57.68±26.78％,冠心病组27.66±27.17％。1支冠脉狭窄患者冠脉血流速度增加42．68％；2支冠脉病变为17.26％；3支冠脉病变为9.87％结论：冠心病患者冠脉内皮功能较健康人明显减退,随着冠脉血管病变支数的增加,冠脉内皮功能进一步减退,冠脉内皮功能减退可间接反映冠脉血管病变的严重程度。     

冠状动脉造影对心房颤动患者的冠心病诊断价值

目的　用冠状动脉造影比较心房颤动 (房颤 )患者冠心病诊断的准确性 ,提高房颤患者冠心病诊断水平及临床价值。方法　 87例房颤患者包括阵发性房颤 5 6例、持续性房颤 31例 ,均行 18导联心电图、冠脉造影检查。对比心电图有缺血型ST T改变的阵发性房颤与持续性房颤患者的冠脉病变。通过房颤患者冠脉狭窄的分布 ,评价两者冠心病的诊断价值。冠脉狭窄 >5 0 %诊断冠心病。结果　① 87例心电图有缺血型ST T改变 36例 ,其中 ,阵发性房颤 2 0例 (5 5 .6 % ) ,冠脉造影示冠脉有不同程度狭窄者 12例(6 0 % ) ;持续性房颤 16例 (4 4.4 % ) ,冠脉造影示不同程度冠脉狭窄者 13例 (81.3% )。②房颤患者的冠脉狭窄的分布 :阵发性房颤 5 6例中冠脉造影正常者 4 4例 (78.6 % ) ;粥样硬化 8例 ;轻度狭窄 2例 ;中度狭窄及完全闭塞各 1例 ,计 12例 (12 .4 % )。持续性房颤 31例中冠脉造影正常者 3例 (9.7% ) ,有 18例 (5 8.1% )冠脉造影有不同程度狭窄 (粥样硬化、轻度狭窄各 10例、中度狭窄 4例、完全闭塞 3例、重度狭窄 1例 )而且多为 2、3支血管病变 ,两组比较有差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。③冠脉造影对房颤冠心病的诊断价值 :阵发性房颤 5 6例中确诊为冠心病者 4例 (7.1% ) ;持续性房颤 31例中确诊冠心病者 18例 (5 8.     

西藏地区直接冠状动脉支架植入术17例临床分析

目的评估西藏地区直接冠状动脉支架植入术治疗冠心病患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2006年9月～2009年10月应用直接支架植入术治疗的冠心病患者17例,其中单支血管病变8例,双支血管病变6例,三支血管病变3例。结果 17例病变血管29支,共植入支架27枚,成功率93.1%,术后冠状动脉造影证实狭窄消失,并随访半年以上效果良好。结论 在高原地区直接冠脉支架植入术仍是一种安全有效的心脏介入性治疗技术。     

心电图ST—T改变与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的通过比较分析心电图ST—T改变与冠状动脉造影结果，探讨心电图在冠状动脉病变中的诊断作用。方法选择2006年1月至2007年12月住院患者中行冠脉动脉造影并符合非继发性ST—T改变的患者589例，对心电图和冠脉动脉造影结果进行比较分析。结果①冠状动脉狭窄〉70％组比狭窄50％～70％组、狭窄〉70％组比无狭窄组更易发现ST—T异常（P〈0．01），单支病变组与双支病变组、单支病变组与三支病变组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。②胸痛组敏感性稍优于非胸痛组（54．9％VS48．9％），特异性基本一致（67．9％VS67.3％）。结论心电图对冠心病诊断的敏感性偏低，但除外其它继发性ST—T改变的存在，心电图在一定程度上能准确反映冠状动脉病变情况。无ST—T改变情况下，有胸痛患者应进一步行心电连续监测和心电图负荷试验等确定诊断。     

冠心病患者颈动脉超声检测的临床意义

目的通过分析颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系探讨颈动脉超声对诊断冠心病的临床意义。方法将120例入选对象分为对照组,稳定性心绞痛(SA)组,不稳定性心绞痛(UA)组,急性心肌梗死(AMI)组,每组30例,分别给予超声检测颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT),同时测定3组冠脉造影结果:正常组21例,单支病变组18例,多支病变组29例。结果冠心病患者IMT较正常对照组有显著增厚(P<0.01),且冠脉造影正常组与单支、多支病变组间亦存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论颈动脉超声检测对冠心病的预测具有确切的临床意义。     

运动负荷后早期门控心肌显像对冠心病严重三支病变的诊断价值

目的比较运动负荷早期(15～20min)^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)门控心肌显像(G-MPI)和非门控心肌显像(NG-MPI)诊断冠心病(CAD)严重三支病变(狭窄≥70％)的价值。方法以冠状动脉(简称冠脉)造影(CAG)所示冠脉直径狭窄≥70％为严重CAD诊断标准，将同期做运动负荷^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT G-MPI和CAG的215例患者分为CAD三支病变组(A组)与CAD非三支病变组(B组)。结果G-MPI与NG-MPI诊断严重CAD的灵敏度分别为95．3％(143／150例)和90．7％(136／150例，X^2=2．509，P=0．113)，特异性分别为80．0％(52／65例)和72．3％(47／65例，X^2=1．059，P=0．303)；诊断CAD三支病变的灵敏度分别为100％(51／51例)和92．2％(47／51例)，前者更好，且两者差异有显著性(X^2=4．163，P=0．041)。结论在诊断临床高危CAD严重三支病变时，G-MPI比NGMPI更有价值。     

112例冠状动脉造影结果及临床分析

目的 :通过 112例冠状动脉造影结果 ,探讨冠状动脉病变与临床多种因数的关系。方法 :采用Judkin's法 ,经股动脉穿刺 ,在多个投射角度作选择性左右冠状动脉造影。结果 :阳性率占 6 5 .2 % (73/112 ) ,累及 14 0支冠状动脉 ,其中单支病变 37.0 %(2 7/73) ,双支病变 38.4% (2 8/73) ,三支病变 2 0 .5 % (15 /73) ,左主干 三支病变 4.1% (3/73)。结论 :男性、年龄大于 45岁、A型性格、有吸烟史和高血压病史 ,有心肌梗塞和典型心绞病史、心电图典型缺血改变者冠状动脉造影的阳性率明显增高。     

Gd—DTPAMRI在心绞痛中的作用

目的：探讨Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强ＭＲＩ在心绞痛中的作用。材料和方法：２２例心绞痛作Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强前后ＭＲＩ检查,其中１６例作冠状动脉造影检查,１１例作ＳＰＥＣＴ检查。结果：增强ＭＲＩ上,１８例（８２％）可见局部异常强化信号,其部位与临床ＥＣＧ吻合,与ＣＡ、ＳＰＥＣＴ所示心肌缺血部位一致。在ＭＲＩ上的异常强化信号与冠状动脉狭窄、ＳＰＥＣＴ显示灌注缺损密切有关。结论：Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡＭＲＩ为心绞痛的诊断提供有价值的依据。     

Evaluation of the early enhancement of coronary atherosclerotic plaque by contrast-enhanced MR angiography

Purpose

To evaluate the early enhancement of coronary atherosclerotic plaque using contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) and investigate the association between unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and early enhancement of the plaque.

Methods

Forty-one patients presenting with angina pectoris and demonstrating single-vessel disease with non-calcified plaque and significant coronary stenosis (≥50%) on CTA were consecutively recruited for coronary CE-MRA. Contrast-to-noise ratio of the culprit plaque guided by CTA was measured on a cross-sectional multi-planar reconstruction image of the plaque on both pre- and post-CE-MRA. A 50% increasing of CNR was defined as plaque enhancement. The association between early enhancement of the plaques and UAP was analyzed.

Results

Thirty-seven non-calcified plaques with significant coronary stenosis were detected in the 37 patients on MRA. 4 subjects were excluded because coronary atherosclerotic plaques were inadequate for identification on MRA. Of the 37 patients, 18 patients had UAP and other 19 patients presented stable angina pectoris (SAP). Of the 37 plaques on CE-MRA, 13 and 24 plaques presented early enhancement and no enhancement, respectively. Of the 13 early-enhanced plaques, 11 (85%) and 2 (15%) were found in the patients with UAP and SAP, respectively (p < 0.01). Of the 37 patients, 11 (61%) with UAP and 2 (11%) with SAP had early-enhanced plaques, respectively (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

CE-MRA allows detection of early enhancement of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. The early enhancement is common in unstable angina and could be a sign of vulnerability.     

终末期肾病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的特征及介入治疗的疗效

目的探讨终末期肾病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉介入治疗可行性及疗效,分析冠状动脉血管病变特点。方法对26例同期住院行血液透析合并明确心肌缺血的患者,其中8例行冠状动脉介入检查、治疗;18例维持药物治疗。分析冠状动脉病变情况、介入检查治疗的安全性及疗效。结果8例接受冠脉检查患者中,6例患者17支冠状动脉存在明显狭窄34处。其中A型病变:0处;B型病变:1处;C型病变:13处。5例为3支血管多处病变,1例为2支血管多处病变。6例完成支架治疗,术后心绞痛明显缓解。其中1例仅行PTCA,术后8月原扩张血管再次狭窄,予支架治疗。1例术后出现急性左心衰。选用非离子型低渗造影剂,术前及术后行血液透析,有2例术后尿量减少,1例肾功能轻度恶化。随访4~48月,6例接受介入治疗患者中2例出现临床心绞痛发作,1例术后3月死于多脏器衰竭。未接受冠脉检查、治疗的18例中,17例存在临床心绞痛发作(95%);2例发生急性心肌梗死,3例死亡。结论终末期肾患者冠状动脉病变复杂,病变范围广,长病变、钙化、多支多处病变发病率高。冠脉病变与肾功能恶化及透析时间不平行。终末期肾病合并冠心病患者的心脏介入检查治疗疗效明确、安全可行,可明确冠状动脉情况,改善患者临床症状,但对死亡率无明显影响。     

Diagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging in a study population without post-test referral bias

BACKGROUND: Most previous studies on the accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) are hampered by post-test referral bias, in that referral for coronary angiography was influenced by the MPI result. In this way, patients with a normal MPI result less frequently underwent catheterization, a tendency supposed to cause an underestimation of test specificity and an overestimation of test sensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS: MPI by use of a gated dual-isotope protocol was undertaken before angiography in 357 patients referred for angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris. The MPI reports were kept secret to prevent post-test referral bias. The MPI study was normal in 215 patients (60%) and showed reversible perfusion abnormalities in 118 (33%) and fixed defects in 24 (7%). Angiography was normal in 231 patients (65%) and revealed 1 or more significant stenoses in 126 (35%). With angiography as the reference, the sensitivity and specificity of MPI for detecting significant coronary artery stenosis were 75% and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study without post-test referral bias, we found a lower sensitivity and slightly higher specificity than in studies with post-test referral bias. The imperfect accuracy may reflect differences between anatomic and physiologic imaging.     

Cardiac CT angiography after coronary artery surgery in children using 64-slice CT scan

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice CT with that of invasive angiography in the detection of graft and/or coronary angioplasty stenosis in children who had undergone coronary artery surgery.

Population and methods

Fifteen consecutive children (8 male and 7 female; age 9.2 ± 6.1 years) underwent 64-slice CT because of chest pain or ECG changes mean 4.8 ± 3.7 years after surgical coronary artery surgery; 10 patients had coronary angioplasty using a patch from the saphenous vein, four had mammary artery bypass, and one had saphenous vein bypass. Six main segments of the coronary arteries and all the bypass graft considered as a single segment were analyzed and compared with invasive angiography used as the reference standard.

Results

CT correctly identified the four children with coronary angioplasty and mammary graft lesions that were confirmed by conventional angiography: one patient had a significant stenosis (>50% stenosis) at the mammary bypass graft anastomosis site; three other had non-significant stenosis (<50% stenosis) including a mild lesion of the saphenous vein patch in two patients and a mild lesion at the anastomosis site of the mammary bypass in one. All segments identified as normal by CT in the other 11 children were also found to be normal by conventional angiography.

Conclusion

In centers expert in this technique, 64-slice CT scanning is a promising, rapid, and useful diagnostic technique for evaluating both coronary angioplasty and bypass graft lesions in children who had undergone coronary artery surgery.     

Detectability of diagonal branch disease by 201TlCl exercised myocardial scintigraphy]

The detectability of diagonal branch disease in 10 patients (five with angina pectoris, five with myocardial infarction) with isolated diagonal branch lesions (more than 75% luminal stenosis in coronary angiography) was reviewed. In exercised 201TlCl myocardial scintigraphy, chest pain occurred in four of 10 patients, electrocardiographic change indicating myocardial ischemia was seen in four, and diagonal branch lesion was detected in only four patients by planar images. In contrast, diagonal branch lesions were detected in 10 of 10 patients by SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). In planar images, perfusion defects appeared high in the anterolateral, posterolateral, and anterior walls of the left ventricle. In SPECT images they appeared high in the anterior to anterolateral wall. The extent of diagonal branch lesions could be quantitatively evaluated by coronary territory maps developed from unfolded maps of exercised SPECT. The mean ratio of the extent of diagonal branch lesion to left anterior descending branch territory was 24.7%, and the extent of myocardial infarction was significantly larger than that of angina pectoris (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SPECT is useful for detecting diagonal branch lesions and can quantitatively show the extent of these lesions by coronary territory map.     

冠状动脉多层螺旋CT检查技术及价值初步探讨

目的　初步探讨冠状动脉多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查技术及临床应用价值。资料与方法　 5 5例心绞痛患者于冠状动脉造影前行MSCT检查 ,用容积重建和曲面重建技术作图像后处理 ,回顾性分析心电门控重建图像质量的重要因素 ,包括心率和心动周期的选择 ,并以冠状动脉造影为金标准对照分析MSCT的检查结果。结果　心率5 1～ 70次 /min病例图像的运动伪影较少 ,显示率依次为左主干、前降支、回旋支和右主干 ,MSCT显示冠状动脉闭塞和 >75 %狭窄准确性较高 ,并可显示冠状动脉变异和邻近脏器病变。结论　冠状动脉MSCT检查结果与冠状动脉造影有较高的一致性 ,有望成为筛选冠状动脉病变的首选无创检查方法     

不同类型冠心病患者血清中YKL-40水平分析

目的探讨冠状动脉狭窄程度和血清炎症标志物YKL-40与不同临床类型冠心病（CHD）的相关性。方法选择111例CHD患者,其中稳定型心绞痛（SAP）41例,不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）37例,急性Q波和非Q波心肌梗死（AMI）33例。对所有CHD患者用Gensini评分系统进行评分,并测定其血清中YKL-40的水平,并对不同类型CHD患者和性别间的相关性进行分析。结果 CHD患者的Gensini评分值和YKL-40水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,YKL-40在非CHD患者中有着低水平的表达;男性Gensini评分值和YKL-40水平均低于绝经期女性（P〈0.01）。随着病情加重,患者的Gensini评分值和YKL-40水平明显增加（P〈0.01）。结论 Gensini评分值和YKL-40水平与不同临床类型CHD密切相关,并与CHD的发病过程成正相关,YKL-40可作为CHD诊断、病情和预后评价及治疗的一个的标志物和新靶点。     

CT造影对非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者冠脉血管病变程度的诊断定位及危险程度分析

 目的 通过对非ST段抬高心肌梗死（non-ST elevated myocardial infarction,NSTEMI）患者的高肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（high troponin Ⅰ ,HTnI）、高低密度脂蛋白（high low density lipoprotein- cholesterol ,HLDL-C）、高尿酸、高血糖、高血压、心电图异常、心绞痛临床表现等相关因素与64排冠状动脉CT造影结果分析,旨在探讨CT造影对NSTEMI患者冠脉血管病变程度的诊断定位及危险程度评估。方法 入选NSTEMI患者122例,均在治疗前采血查TnI、LDL-C、 UA、Glu,测量血压,检查心电图,并询问病史、查体。对每一位患者行CT造影检查,依据冠脉病变程度将其分为正常组,A型组（轻度病变）,B、C型组（中、重度病变）。各组分别与上述危险因素对比分析。结果 B、C型组中的HTnⅠ、HLDL-C、高尿酸、高血压、高血糖的发生率均比正常组、A型组中的高,差别均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。而心电图异常和心绞痛临床表现在各组中的分布差别没有统计学意义。结论 CT造影不仅是诊断冠心病的一种无创、简易、准确筛查方法,也是判断NSTEMI患者冠脉病变程度和危险评估的最重要工具之一。对于无症状性心电图心肌缺血改变以及有症状无心电图异常的患者应行CT造影检查,有助于早期预测NSTEMI患者的风险,减少误诊率、病死率,提高治愈率。