五邑地区先天性心脏病患儿的发病因素调查分析

目的探讨五邑地区先天性心脏病患儿的发病因素。方法选取五邑地区的100例先天性心脏病患儿为研究组,随机选取同期非先天性心脏病患儿100例为对照组,均进行相关指标调查。结果孕期未服用叶酸、家族遗传病史、接触有害有毒物质、孕早期接受药物治疗为导致先天性心脏病的主要危险因素（P〈0．05）。结论五邑地区先天性心脏病患儿的发病率与孕期未服用叶酸、家族遗传病史、接触有害有毒物质和孕早期接受药物治疗密切相关,临床上要积极根据发病因素进行预防与早期干预。     

小儿先天性心脏病手术治疗观察

目的：通过对小儿先天性心脏病手术治疗的临床疗效情况进行观察,探讨介入封堵技术治疗小儿先天性心脏病的可行性。方法：选取我院2015年4月至2016年3月间收治的小儿先天性心脏病患者72例,采用介入封堵手术治疗40例作为观察组,同期行外科开胸手术治疗32例作为对照组,对比两组手术成功率、安全性相关指标及治疗费用。结果：观察组手术成功率为95.00%,对照组手术成功率为93.75%,P＞0.05未见统计学意义上的差异;观察组住院时间、ICU时间、术中输血量、治疗费用情况均明显低于对照组,P＜0.05,差异显著。结论：介入封堵手术治疗小儿先天性心脏病创伤小,安全性高,具有较为理想的临床疗效,值得临床推广使用。     

83例有冠心病家族史儿童临床分析

目的　了解有冠心病 (CHD)家族史儿童临床特点。方法　对 83例有冠心病家族史的儿童进行临床资料、超重及肥胖发生率、血压、血脂、血糖分析。结果　 83例有冠心病家族史的儿童均为学龄儿童 ,男童多见 ,以祖父母及外祖父母有CHD者多见 ,早发与非早发CHD比例为 1∶3 4。与无CHD家族史健康儿童比较 ,有CHD家族史儿童超重及肥胖发生率明显增高 ,存在明显的脂质代谢紊乱 ,血脂水平及脂质异常血症发生率明显增高 ,收缩压、舒张压及高血压检出率明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,有早发CHD家族史儿童改变更为明显 ,未发现高血糖症。结论　有CHD家族史儿童与其他CHD危险因素如肥胖、脂质代谢紊乱、血压异常密切相关 ,以有早发CHD家族史儿童明显 ,成年后发生CHD的危险性可能显著增高 ,提示应尽早进行干预。     

Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Nutrition Challenge

Growth in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is often compromised. For several decades, investigators have tried to identify the factors affecting growth in children with CHD. Cardiac malformations are undoubtedly responsible for malnutrition, which may range from mild undernutrition to severe failure to thrive (FTT). Malnutrition may then significantly undermine the outcome of corrective surgical operations and postoperative recovery. Mechanisms linking CHD to malnutrition may be related either to decreased energy intake and/or to increased energy requirements. Decreased energy intake can involve deficiencies of specific nutrients, or insufficient total caloric intake. Increased respiratory rate accompanying congestive heart failure may be responsible for increased energy requirements. Different types of cardiac malformations and consequent interventions may have different effects on growth and require diverse strategies. Most treatment strategies aim to facilitate "catch-up" growth, providing extra calories and protein that exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance for age. However, there is no generally accepted set of guidelines that define appropriate caloric intake for catch-up growth. We attempt to identify the most important causes of malnutrition and highlight the most effective nutrition strategies for children with CHD.     

Quality of Life in Families of Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Within a family perspective on quality of life (QL) with congenital heart disease, the study investigates parental QL, and patients’ health-related QL as reported by themselves and by their parents. We examined the hypotheses that parental QL moderates the parental proxy reports. Sixty-nine patients (7–20 years, 61% male) and their caregivers participated in a computer-assisted QL-assessment. Children’s self-rated and proxy-rated QL correlated moderately, with the highest intra-class correlation on the subscale psychological well-being/functioning (r = 0.61; p < 0.001), less convergence in physical well-being/functioning (r = 0.49; p< 0.001) and absent correlation in the evaluation of intra-family relationships. Parental QL was correlated both with the children’s self-rated QL (r = 0.42; p< 0.05) and children’s parent-rated QL (r = 0.60; p< 0.001). Support for the moderator hypotheses is indicated by the results of regression analyses demonstrating a significant interaction effect of parental QL and patients’ self-reported QL in predicting parental proxy reports on their children’s QL. Post-hoc tests reveal that parents with low own QL agree significantly more with their children than parents with high QL. Parent–child agreement on the children’s QL is limited and reflects complementary subjective viewpoints. Psychosocial interventions should be family-focused and provide support for patients’ and their caregivers’ QL.     

Assessing Potential Predisposition of Elementary School Children to Heart Disease

Physical well-being has been designated a top priority for the children in the Clovis (California) Unified School District. In an effort to diminish coronary risk factors and encourage a healthy life style, a health assessment battery was developed for students in grades 1 through 6. The battery included measurements in height, weight, blood pressure, sit and reach flexibility, and skin-fold test for body fat composition. More than 5000 students were administered the tests by a health assessment team consisting of two nurses, three physical education resource teachers, and two clerical staff members. A random sample of 100 males and 100 females at each grade level was utilized for the statistical analysis. The correlation between body fat and weight was .80 (p v .05) in the fifth and sixth grades. Body fat was positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic measures of blood pressure. The coefficient averaged .21 (p v .05) over the 6 grades for systolic and .22 (p .05) over the 6 grades for diastolic blood pressure. Future plans call for the development of a longitudinal profile of students, as well as establishing district norms for the test battery.     

小儿先天性心脏病行64排螺旋CT心脏检查的观察与护理

目的探讨64排螺旋CT在小儿先天性心脏病检查中的有效护理措施。方法分析36例先天性心脏病患儿接受64螺旋CT检查扫描的资料,并分析其检查前后护理过程。结果 36例患儿均成功完成心脏64排CT扫描,无不良反应发生。结论检查前的准备,检查中及检查后细致有效的护理是成功完成小儿心脏CT扫描检查的关键。     

优质护理在小儿先天性心脏病术后护理中的应用

目的分析与探讨小儿先天心脏病术后应用优质护理干预的价值。方法以40例先天性心脏病患儿为研究对象,所有患儿在术后均给予优质护理,对患儿术后的FLACC疼痛评分、并发症发生率以及家长对于护理工作的满意度评分进行统计,并对比患儿护理前后的生活质量。结果患儿术后FLACC疼痛评分随着时间的推移而逐渐下降,家长对于护理工作的满意率为95.0%,患儿护理后的生活质量评分明显高于护理前(P<0.05),患儿术后并发症发生率为5.0%。结论对小儿先天性心脏病术后给予优质护理,能够显著改善患儿的生活质量,并控制其疼痛感,降低并发症的发生率,促进护患关系和谐。     

小儿先天性心脏病行64排螺旋CT心脏检查的观察与护理

目的探讨64排螺旋CT在小儿先天性心脏病检查中的有效护理措施。方法分析36例先天性心脏病患儿接受64螺旋CT检查扫描的资料,并分析其检查前后护理过程。结果36例患儿均成功完成心脏64排CT扫描,无不良反应发生。结论检查前的准备,检查中及检查后细致有效的护理是成功完成小儿心脏CT扫描检查的关键。     

动态心电图应用于儿童心脏疾病的临床诊断

目的 探讨动态心电图应用于儿童心脏疾病的临床诊断意义.方法 选取我院2007-2010年主诉心前区不适,年龄4～14岁的患儿54例,采用常规心电图(ECG)检查和动态心电图(Holter)连续监测常规生活状态下24 h心率变化,心律失常发生时间、数量和性质,以及ST-T的改变,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 常规ECG检出异常15例,占27.78％;Holter检出异常42例,占77.78％,其中频发室性早搏2例,短阵房性心动过速2例,Ⅱ度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞1例.ECG与Holter的异常检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05).结论 Holter检查的异常检出率明显高于ECG,对提高儿童病毒性心肌炎的诊断、指导用药、估价心肌受损程度及预后等均具有重要的临床意义.     

14岁以下小儿先天性心脏病手术前后的护理

通过对先天性心脏病患儿实施整体化护理，使患儿及家属术前做好心理护理，加强呼吸功能训练；术后严密观察病情，加强呼吸道、胸腔引流管护理及循环系统的监测，预防并发症，促进患儿康复。