气管导管套囊充气辅助纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管插管

目的 比较气管导管套囊充气与否对纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管插管的影响.方法20例择期手术患者随机分为两组:套囊充气组(C组)和非充气组(N组),每组各10例.充分表面麻醉后经鼻置入螺纹钢丝气管导管,待闻及有气流声自导管尾部传出后,C组向气管导管套囊充气10～15 ml,N组不充气,置入纤维支气管镜寻找声门引导气管插管,记录插管时间和插管相关并发症等.结果所有患者均在纤维支气管镜引导下完成气管插管,C组用时(4.9±2.3)min,N组用时(9.8±5.2)min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.013).结论清醒下气管导管套囊充气辅助纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管插管更安全、简捷易行.     

气管导管套囊充气辅助纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管插管

目的比较气管导管套囊充气与否对纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管插管的影响。方法20例择期手术患者随机分为两组：套囊充气组（C组）和非充气组（N组）,每组各10例。充分表面麻醉后经鼻置入螺纹钢丝气管导管,待闻及有气流声自导管尾部传出后,C组向气管导管套囊充气10～15ml,N组不充气,置人纤维支气管镜寻找声门引导气管插管,记录插管时间和插管相关并发症等。结果所有患者均在纤维支气管镜引导下完成气管插管,C组用时（4．9±23）min,N组用时（9．8±5．2）min,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．013）。结论清醒下气管导管套囊充气辅助纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管插管更安全、简捷易行。     

意识清醒患者纤支镜引导下气管插管的临床应用

目的讨论意识清醒患者纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管建立人工气道的临床价值。方法对需要建立人工气道的意识清醒患者,分别采用纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管155例(纤支镜组)及喉镜直视下经口气管插管53例(喉镜组)建立人工气道,比较两组一次插管成功率、插管成功所需时间、插管过程中最低血氧饱和度(SaO_2)、并发症等。结果纤支镜组各方面指标均优于喉镜组。结论纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管为意识清醒患者建立人工气道,操作简单、快速准确、安全舒适,值得临床推广应用。     

意识清醒患者纤支镜引导下气管插管的临床应用

目的讨论意识清醒患者纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管建立人工气道的临床价值。方法对需要建立人工气道的意识清醒患者,分别采用纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管155例(纤支镜组)及喉镜直视下经口气管插管53例(喉镜组)建立人工气道,比较两组一次插管成功率、插管成功所需时间、插管过程中最低血氧饱和度(SaO_2)、并发症等。结果纤支镜组各方面指标均优于喉镜组。结论纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管为意识清醒患者建立人工气道,操作简单、快速准确、安全舒适,值得临床推广应用。     

纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管在急性呼吸衰竭中的护理效果观察

目的探讨纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管在急性呼吸衰竭病人中的护理效果观察。方法采用气管插管机械通气治疗的30例急性呼吸衰竭病人，随机分为对照组15例，观察组15例。对照组采用纤维支气管镜引导下经口气管插管机械通气治疗，观察组采用纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管机械通气治疗，比较两组病人在护理方面的优势。结果纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管较经口气管插管时间短，提高了抢救成功率；病人不适感少，提高了病人配合治疗的程度；损伤少，方便护理，减少并发症。结论纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管的护理效果优于经口气管插管。     

纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管的护理配合

气管插管建立人工气道是抢救危重患者尤其是呼吸衰竭的重要急救措施,近年经鼻气管插管已成为建立人工气道的首选方法.目前临床采用的盲目经鼻气管插管法有一定的困难和危险性,往往不能保证一次成功而延误最佳抢救时机,同时在反复试插中易损伤粘膜引起出血、水肿和喉痉挛.为此,我科近年来探索在纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管的方法,收效良好.现将操作方法及护理体会介绍如下.     

纤维支气管镜引导经鼻困难气管插管临床应用探讨

目的探讨纤维支气管镜在困难气道病人插管中的临床应用。方法选取某院2009年6月～2012年6月口腔颌面部手术困难气道病人156例,施行纤维支气管镜引导经鼻困难气管插管,比较患者插管前与插管过程中血压及心率,观察插管完成时间及并发症发生情况等。结果本次研究困难气道病人均一次插管成功,插管过程中无严重并发症出现。患者插管前心率、收缩压及舒张压指标分别为(74.5±8.2)次/min,(122.4±19.7)mmHg,(82.9±10.3)mmHg;患者插管过程中心率、收缩压及舒张压指标分别为(76.1±9.7)次/min,(124.0±23.4)mmHg,(83.5±10.8)mmHg;插管过程中血压、心率与插管前比较,组间差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论纤维支气管镜引导经鼻困难气管插管具有一次成功率高、插管时间短、损伤小、操作简便等优点。     

纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管的护理配合

气管插管建立人工气道是抢救危重患尤其是呼吸衰竭的重要急救措施，近年经鼻气管插管已成为建立人工气道的首选方法。目前临床采用的盲目经鼻气管插管法有一定的困难和危险性，往往不能保证一次成功而延误最佳抢救时机，同时在反复试插中易损伤粘膜引起出血、水肿和喉痉挛。为此，我科近年来探索在纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管的方法，收效良好。现将操作方法及护理体会介绍如下。     

纤维支气管镜引导下经鼻气管插管的配合与护理

目的探讨床旁纤维支气管镜（简称纤支镜）引导下经鼻气管插管的配合与护理措施。方法分析总结中山大学附属第二医院呼吸科9例慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期合并严重呼吸衰竭患者在纤支镜引导下经鼻气管插管的配合与护理过程。结果9例患者在纤支镜引导下经鼻气管插管均一次成功,插管时间为50s-2min,无严重并发症。结论充分的术前准备、熟练的术中配合、精心的术后护理是提高插管成功率,缩短插管时间,降低并发症发生的关键。     

纤维支气管镜经鼻气管插管在颈椎手术中的应用体会

目的总结通过纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管插管在颈椎手术中的应用体会。方法本组138例患者在完善的气道表麻,适当的镇静镇痛下进行气管插管。结果所以患者顺利完成气管插管。结论纤维支气管镜引导经鼻气管插管可以安全有效的用在颈椎损伤手术患者气管插管中。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.