Immediate argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) as initial treatment for acute phacomorphic angle-closure (phacomorphic glaucoma) before cataract extraction: a preliminary study

PURPOSE: To study the safety and efficacy of immediate argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) as initial treatment of acute phacomorphic angle-closure (phacomorphic glaucoma) before cataract extraction. METHODS: In all, 10 consecutive patients with acute phacomorphic angle-closure and intraocular pressure (IOP) > or =40 mmHg were recruited into the study. Each patient received topical atropine (1%) and timolol (0.5%), and immediate ALPI as initial treatment. The IOP at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min, and then 1 day, after ALPI were documented by applanation tonometry. Systemic IOP-lowering drugs were only started if IOP remained above 40 mmHg at 2 h after ALPI. Cataract extraction was subsequently performed as definitive treatment. RESULTS: In total, 10 patients (five male, five female), with a mean age+/-SD of 73.1+/-10.3 years were recruited. Mean duration of symptomatic attack was 128+/-232 h. After ALPI, the mean IOP was reduced from 56.1+/-12.5 to 45.3+/-14.5 mmHg at 15 min, 37.6+/-7.5 mmHg at 30 min, 34.2+/-9.7 mmHg at 60 min, 25.5+/-8.7 mmHg at 120 min, and 13.6+/-4.2 mmHg at 1 day. In one patient, systemic acetazolamide was administered, because the IOP remained above 40 mmHg at 2 h after ALPI. All 10 patients had uncomplicated cataract extraction performed within 4 days after ALPI. No complications from the laser procedure were encountered. CONCLUSION: Immediate ALPI, replacing systemic antiglaucomatous medications, appeared to be safe and effective as first-line treatment of acute phacomorphic angle-closure.     

Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI): an update

Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty is a useful procedure to eliminate appositional angle closure resulting from mechanisms other than pupillary block. For those eyes with angle closure originating at an anatomic level posterior to the iris, such as plateau iris, lens-induced angle closure, or posterior segment processes (malignant glaucoma, central retinal vein occlusion, etc.), laser iridotomy by itself may be insufficient to treat the underlying disease mechanism. Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty is often useful in these cases to further open the angle. It can be used to break an acute attack of angle-closure glaucoma and relieve appositional angle closure secondary to plateau iris syndrome, or lens-related angle closure, and to widen the angle prior to argon laser trabeculoplasty. Peripheral location of long-duration, low-power, large spot size laser burns is essential for optimal success.     

氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗急性闭角型青光眼3a随访研究

目的:评价氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期疗效及随访3a疗效的稳定性。方法:原发性闭角型青光眼第1次急性发作患者23例23眼,局部予以10g/L毛果芸香碱滴眼液及5g/L噻吗心安滴眼液各1滴后,行氩激光周边虹膜成形术,眼压控制稳定后5～7d行激光周边虹膜切开术。观察氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗前及治疗后2h;1,6,12,24,36mo眼压;观察相应时间点房角变化;术后1,6,12,24,36mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验。结果:氩激光周边虹膜成形术前平均眼压为69.43±8.22mmHg,术后2h眼压为15.74±3.09mmHg,1a随访期间患者未发生高眼压,2,3a部分患者眼压升高;术前所有23眼前房角镜检查可见前房角关闭,术后2h所有23眼静态前房角镜检查前房角增宽,小梁网可见范围增宽,1a随访期间房角无明显变化,2a随访3眼房角较前窄,3a随访又有3眼房角变窄;所有患者术后1,6,12mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验均为阴性,24mo时2眼阳性,36mo时又有4眼阳性。结论:氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期(不联合使用全身降眼压药物治疗)可迅速、有效、安全降低眼压,重新开放房角,随访1a疗效稳定,随访3a部分患者进展为慢性闭角型青光眼。     

氪激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的急性发作期

目的探讨氪激光周边虹膜成形术在不联用抗青光眼药物的情况下,治疗急性发作期原发性闭角型青光眼的安全性及有效性。方法11例患者应用1%毛果芸香碱、0.5%噻吗心安各滴患眼1滴,0.4%盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液表面麻醉后立即行氪激光周边虹膜成形术。术前及术后15min、30min、60min用Goldmann眼压计测量眼压。结果患者眼压从虹膜成形术前平均(68.3±7.1)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)下降至术后15min平均(35.1±6.7)mmHg,术后30min平均(25.0±5.8)mmHg,术后60min平均(18.1±5.1)mmHg。所有患眼角膜水肿全部消退,无严重并发症出现。结论氪激光周边虹膜成形术治疗急性发作期原发性闭角型青光眼安全、有效,可替代传统的药物治疗,作为治疗首选。     

氩激光虹膜周边成形术治疗急性发作期原发性急性闭角型青光眼的疗效观察

目的观察氩激光虹膜周边成形术治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的临床效果。方法将基础治疗1h后眼压≥50mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)的103例(103眼)患者随机分为激光组52眼和药物组51眼。观察两组患者治疗前及治疗后30min、1h、2h、24h患者的症状、视力、角膜水肿程度、前房反应、周边前房深度、眼压降至21mmHg以下所用时间及24h后房角开放情况。结果治疗后激光组较药物组症状缓解明显,起效快;视力提高快、幅度大;两组患者周边前房都变深。两组患者治疗前后眼压差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。治疗后1h、2h两组患者角膜水肿程度为:激光组分别为1.48±0.62、1.37±0.53;药物组分别为1.69±0.67、1.57±0.59;两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);治疗后30min和24h两组比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);两组眼压降至21mmHg以下所用的时间:激光组(1.8±0.9)h,药物组为(6.5±2.2)h;24h后房角开放率激光组86.5%,药物组66.7%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论氩激光虹膜周边成形术是一种治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的快速、安全和有效的方法。     

激光周边虹膜成形术治疗急性发作的PACG

目的：探讨倍频532激光周边虹膜成形术在患者不适合用抗青光眼药物的情况下,治疗急性发作期原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)的安全性及有效性。

方法：患者13例13眼应用4g/L盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液表面麻醉后立即行倍频532nm激光周边虹膜成形术。术前及术后15,30,60min测量眼压。

结果：患者眼压：虹膜成形术前平均60.6±8.8mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),术后15min下降至平均37.4±7.3mmHg,术后30min平均26.2±6.6mmHg,术后60min平均17.1±5.3mmHg。所有患眼角膜水肿全部消退,无严重并发症出现。

结论：倍频532激光周边虹膜成形术治疗急性发作期PACG安全、有效,可作为治疗首选。     

激光周边虹膜成形术联合周边虹膜切开术治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼中期疗效观察

目的回顾性分析激光周边虹膜成形术(laser peripheral iridoplasty,LPIP)联合周边虹膜切开术(laser peripheral iridoto-my,LPID)治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作的中期治疗效果。方法原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作患者51例(66眼)分为眼压控制组24例(32眼)、眼压未控制组11例(14眼)、门诊组16例(20眼),分别行LPIP及LPID治疗。术后随访12~24个月,平均(15.36±2.61)个月。超声生物显微镜检查房角开放状况,观察控制眼压时间、术后眼压、并发症。结果眼压控制组治疗前后眼压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。眼压未控制组和门诊组的眼压在联合手术治疗后能迅速下降,2组术后0.5h、1h、2h的眼压分别为:(22.86±4.66)mmHg、(16.21±2.69)mmHg、(15.43±2.44)mmHg;(31.74±7.41)mm-Hg、(20.79±4.24)mmHg、(18.05±2.17)mmHg;与术前眼压比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.001)。各组随访期间眼压均低于21mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)。术后12个月,眼压未控制组、眼压控制组、门诊组平均眼压分别为(15.59±2.39)mmHg、(16.39±2.89)mmHg、(15.79±2.56)mmHg。超声生物显微镜检查示LPIP术后房角能迅速有效开放,随访期间无周边虹膜前粘连进展。LPIP和LPID治疗后无明显并发症。结论 LPIP能有效开放前房角,迅速降低眼压;联合LPID能安全有效治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼的急性发作。     

Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty versus conventional systemic medical therapy in treatment of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma : a prospective,randomized, controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To study whether argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) is as effective and safe as conventional systemic medications in treatment of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) when immediate laser peripheral iridotomy is neither possible nor safe. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-three eyes of 64 consecutive patients with their first presentation of acute PACG, with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels of 40 mmHg or more, were recruited into the study. INTERVENTION: The acute PACG eye of each consenting patient received topical pilocarpine (4%) and topical timolol (0.5%). The patients were then randomized into one of two treatment groups. The ALPI group received immediate ALPI under topical anesthesia. The medical treatment group was given 500 mg of intravenous acetazolamide, followed by oral acetazolamide 250 mg four times daily, and an oral potassium supplement until IOP levels normalized. Intravenous mannitol also was administered to the latter group if the presenting IOP was higher than 60 mmHg. The acute PACG eye of both groups continued to receive topical pilocarpine (1%) until peripheral iridotomy could be performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraocular pressure profile, corneal clarity, symptoms, visual acuity, angle status by indentation gonioscopy, and complications of treatment. RESULTS: Thirty-three acute PACG eyes of 32 patients were randomized to receive immediate ALPI, whereas 40 acute PACG eyes of 32 patients had conventional systemic medical therapy. Both treatment groups were matched for age, duration of attack, and IOP at presentation. The ALPI-treated group had lower IOP levels than the medically treated group at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour after the start of treatment. The differences were statistically significant. The difference in IOP levels became statistically insignificant from 2 hours onward. The duration of attack did not affect the efficacy of ALPI in reducing IOP in acute PACG. No serious laser complications occurred, at least in the early postlaser period. CONCLUSIONS: Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty significantly is more effective than conventional systemic medications in reducing IOP levels in acute PACG in eyes not suitable for immediate laser peripheral iridotomy within the first 2 hours from the initiation of treatment. Argon laser peripheral iridoplasty is a safe and more effective alternative to conventional systemic medications in the management of acute PACG not amenable to immediate laser peripheral iridotomy.     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼的首选治疗:激光虹膜成形术

目的 探讨激光虹膜成形术作为首选处理治疗急性闭角型青光眼的有效性.方法 急性闭角型青光眼患者17例17眼,均为首次发作,局部滴用降眼压药物后行360°氪激光虹膜成形术.监测术前和术后30 min、60 min和120 min眼压、视力变化,并观察术后24 h内房角开放情况.结果 所有患者眼压在激光虹膜成形术后不同时间均有不同程度下降,术前平均眼压(69.76±10.25)mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),术后30 min平均眼压(42.41±9.42) mmHg,术后60 min平均眼压(20.53±8.99)mmHg,术后2 h眼压下降至(13.06±3.07)mmHg(F=155.24,P＜0.001);同时所有患者视力提高,角膜水肿消退,激光术后24 h内房角开放大于3/4象限11眼,大于1/2象限小于3/4象限6眼.结论 激光虹膜成形术可替代传统的紧急药物治疗,作为急性闭角型青光眼的首选治疗手段,治疗效果明确、安全、可靠.     

激光虹膜周边成形术在原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的疗效观察

目的:观察激光虹膜周边成形术在原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的治疗效果。方法:观察85例85眼经基础治疗1h后眼压≥40mmHg者45眼选入激光组;余40眼列入药物组。观察两组治疗前、后30min,治疗后60,120min;24h后患者的症状、视力、角膜水肿程度、前房反应、周边前房深度、眼压降至21mmHg以下所用的时间和24h后房角开放情况。结果:治疗1h后,激光组较药物组眼痛症状缓解明显,起效快;视力提高快、幅度大;角膜混浊程度恢复快。两组周边前房都变深;治疗后30min眼压分别与同组治疗前比较无统计学差异;治疗后60,120min;24h眼压分别与同组治疗前比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗后60,120min两组眼压比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗后30min和24h两组无统计学差异;眼压降至21mmHg以下所用的时间,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);24h后房角开放率两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:激光虹膜周边成形术对原发性急性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的治疗效果优于传统的全身药物治疗,是一种快速、安全和有效的方法。     

激光周边虹膜成形术联合白内障超声乳化治疗急性闭角型青光眼疗效分析

目的 研究激光周边虹膜成形术(LPIP)和白内障超声乳化吸除(Phaco)联合人工晶状体植入术对原发性急性闭角型青光眼的治疗效果.方法 对合并不同程度白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作患者54例61只眼随机分激光组(27例31只眼)和常规组(27例30只眼).激光组行LPIP,常规组以常规药物控制眼压,而后均行Phaco和人工晶状体植入术.比较两组眼压控制效果、前房角开放状况、瞳孔纵向直径、裸眼视力等.结果 两组治疗前的眼压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后0.5 h、1 h、2 h、4 h,两组眼压的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Phaco联合人工晶状体植入术后1周、3月、6月,两组各时点眼压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Phaco联合人工晶状体植入术前、术后6月,两组前房角开放状况的差异均具统计学意义(P＜0.05).Phaco联合人工晶状体植入术后6月两组瞳孔纵向直径、最佳矫正视力的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 激光虹膜成形术联合白内障超声乳化吸除可更有效治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of laser peripheral iridoplasty (LPIP) combined phacoemulsification (Phaco) on attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Methods Sixty-one eyes of acute attack of PACG (54 consecutive cases) were divided into laser group (31 eyes of 27 cases) and routine group (30 eyes of 27 cases) randomly. Before phacoemulsification cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation, eyes of laser group were performed LPIP'while eyes of routine group were administered routine drugs to control intraocular pressure (IOP). The effect of IOP depression, status of anterior chamber angle, perpendicular pupil diameter, and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) were compared between laser group and routine group. Results The mean IOP was no statistically difference between laser group and routine group pre-treated, but the mean IOP of laser group was reduced more rapidly than that af routine group. Ultrasound biomicroscopy discovered that LPIP could open closed anterior chamber angle more effectively. Compared with routine group, the perpendicular pupil diameter of laser group was smaller and the best corrective visual acuity' of laser group was better at 6 months post-phacoemulsification. Conclusions LPIP Combined with phacoemulsification cataract extraction can treat primary acute angle-closure glaucoma more effectively.     

激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作的临床观察

目的 探讨激光周边虹膜成形术,作为原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期首选治疗的疗效.方法 非随机回顾性系列病例研究.对2007年7月至2008年7月确诊为原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期患者,按是否行激光周边虹膜成形术,分为药物组及激光组,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括眼压降至21mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)以下所用的时间、甘露醇用量.结果 眼压降至21mmHg以下所用时间,药物组为5～24h,平均10.67h;激光组为1～6h,平均3.08h,差异有统计学意义(t=4.359,P<0.05).甘露醇用量,药物组为250～750ml,平均437.5ml;激光组为125～375ml,平均218ml,差异有统计学意义(t=3.597,P<0.05).结论 激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作是快速、有效和安全的,可以作为首选治疗方法.     

氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗急性闭角型青光眼随访研究

目的:观察氩激光周边虹膜成形术在原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的作用,评价该治疗方法随访1a疗效的稳定性。方法:原发性闭角型青光眼第1次急性发作患者23例(23眼),局部予以10g/L毛果芸香碱滴眼液及5g/L噻吗心安滴眼液各1滴后,行氩激光周边虹膜成形术,眼压控制稳定后5~7d行激光周边虹膜切开术。观察氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗前及治疗后2h;1,3,6,9,12mo眼压变化;观察相应时间点房角变化;术后1,3,6,9,12mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验。结果:氩激光周边虹膜成形术前平均眼压为69.43±8.22mmHg,术后2h眼压为15.74±3.09mmHg,随访期间患者未发生高眼压;术前所有23眼前房角镜检查可见前房角关闭,术后2h所有23眼静态前房角镜检查前房角增宽,小梁网可见范围增宽,随访期间各方房角无明显变化;所有患者术后1,3,6,9,12mo行暗室加俯卧激发试验均为阴性。结论:氩激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期(不联合使用全身降眼压药物治疗)可迅速、有效、安全降低眼压,重新开放房角,随访1a疗效稳定。     

Laser peripheral iridoplasty as initial treatment of acute attack of primary angle-closure: a long-term follow-up study

PURPOSE: To study the long-term clinical course and complications of patients with acute primary angle-closure treated with immediate laser peripheral iridoplasty followed by laser peripheral iridotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with acute primary angle closure treated with immediate laser peripheral iridoplasty, followed by laser peripheral iridotomy, at the Prince of Wales Hospital from July 1997 through January 2000 were followed up to document the clinical course of their disease and any complications from the laser treatment. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, gonioscopic findings, corneal and lens clarity, iris appearance, pupillary reaction, and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 29 Chinese patients with acute primary angle closure treated initially with either argon or diode laser peripheral iridoplasty were recruited. The mean follow-up period was 33.0 +/- 9.3 months. Twenty-one eyes (70%) had no further attack and maintained normal intraocular pressure without medications, and 9 eyes (30%) developed chronic angle-closure glaucoma with peripheral anterior synechiae. All eyes had pigmented laser marks on the peripheral iris, but none had peripheral corneal burn. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up data indicated that 30% of Chinese eyes with acute primary angle closure successfully treated with immediate laser peripheral iridoplasty followed by laser peripheral iridotomy developed peripheral anterior synechiae and an increase in intraocular pressure. There were minimal long-term complications on the cornea and the lens from the laser treatment.     

激光周边虹膜成形术序贯超声乳化治疗伴白内障的急性闭角型青光眼

目的：：观察激光周边虹膜成形术序贯白内障超声乳化术,治疗应用药物眼压控制不理想的伴白内障的急性闭角型青光眼患者的临床疗效。方法：收集2011-01/2015-06我院收治合并白内障的急性闭角型青光眼大发作,经药物治疗12 h后眼压仍大于40 mmHg以上的患者47例49眼。行激光周边虹膜成形术,术后3d后序贯行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术。回顾性分析患者治疗情况。结果：激光周边虹膜成形术前平均眼压为62.35±10.31mmHg,激光术后第1d平均眼压17.96±4.64mmHg,白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术后第1d平均眼压16.58±3.19mmHg,术后1mo平均眼压13.50±2.74mmHg,术后3mo平均眼压13.46±2.48mmHg,治疗前后有显著差异(F=10.02,P<0.05);序贯治疗术后1d,1、3mo的眼压与激光前相比明显下降,均有统计学意义( t=4.35、6.43、6.97,P<0.05)。术前平均最佳矫正视力为0.06±0.02,激光术后第1d平均最佳矫正视力为0.20±0.18,白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术后第1d平均最佳矫正视力为0.45±0.19,术后1mo平均最佳矫正视力为0.60±0.11,术后3mo平均最佳矫正视力为0.65±0.09,治疗前后有显著统计学差异(F=8.36,P<0.05);序贯治疗术后1d、1、3mo的平均最佳矫正视力与激光前相比明显提高,均有统计学意义(t=3.97、5.12、5.89,P<0.05)。序贯治疗术后1d,3 mo的平均前房深度、房角开放距离、小梁虹膜夹角以及术后1、3 mo的房角粘连与激光前相比明显改善,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：激光周边虹膜成形术序贯超声乳化治疗伴白内障的急性闭角型青光眼,且应用药物眼压控制不理想患者,可降低眼压、提高视力,并且能改善前房深度、房角开放距离、小梁虹膜夹角以及房角粘连。     

激光周边虹膜成形术治疗房角广泛粘连的急性闭角型青光眼

目的观察激光周边虹膜成形术（LPIP）治疗房角广泛粘连的急性闭角型青光眼的长期效果。方法回顾性总结原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作后房角广泛粘连24例（24眼）的LPIP治疗的远期效果,主要观察患者的眼压控制情况及房角粘连的变化。以不使用或使用不超过3种局部降眼压药物眼压≤21mmHg视为眼压控制。结果16眼随访21～38个月,眼压成功控制,其中6眼使用1～2种局部降眼压药物。8眼因眼压控制不满意最终行小梁切除术,其中5眼于LPIP后3d内手术治疗,另3眼分别于LPIP后18d、42d及9个月手术治疗。LPIP治疗后短期内19眼房角粘连不同程度开放,6—12月后,5眼的房角粘连程度较治疗早期扩大。LPII）治疗后3眼出现核性自内障,其中1眼于激光后3年行白内障超声乳化术。结论LPIP是治疗房角广泛粘连的急性闭角型青光跟的有效手段,但部分患者在激光后不同时间出现眼压升高,房角再次粘连,应定期检查。