腹膜恶性间皮瘤的诊治体会

目的探讨腹膜恶性间皮瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1988年1月~2003年1月收治的7例的诊治经过。结果腹水细胞学检查确诊2例,剖腹探查及腹腔镜活检确诊5例。本组7例中,只有3例生存超过2年,存活1年8个月1例,余均在1年内死亡。结论腹水细胞学检查、剖腹探查及腹腔镜活检为其主要诊断方法,B型超声及CT有一定诊断价值。治疗主张手术切除后行放、化疗及免疫治疗等综合治疗。     

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目的：提高对女性弥漫性恶性腹膜间皮瘤临床特征、诊断方法和治疗手段的认识。方法：通过对1990～2000年收治的5例女性弥漫性恶性腹膜间皮瘤临床表现、诊断方法及治疗过程的分析，总结该病诊断和治疗的一般规律。结果：该病主要临床表现为急慢性腹痛和腹胀、腹腔及盆腔包块和腹水。1例盆腔包块自发性破裂。术前均未能确诊。3例术中探查时确诊，2例术后病理确诊。治疗以手术切除、肿瘤细胞减积为主。术后腹腔及静脉化疗。1例复发后再次剖腹手术。本组平均生存期为17．4个月。结论该病术前检查及术中探查时应与妇科肿瘤和腹腔内癌症转移相鉴别。术中积极行肿瘤细胞减积术。术后腹腔化疗结合静脉化疗。复发后可再行细胞减积手术，有望延长病人生存期。     

Sex difference in diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

BACKGROUND: Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) is rare and in the past has proved an invariably fatal disease. Female patients have been reported to have an improved survival outcome for reasons that are not understood. METHODS: The survival of 34 men and 28 women who underwent cytoreduction and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for DMPM was compared. Twenty-five clinicopathological variables were subjected to univariate analysis. RESULTS: The women had a 5-year survival rate of 63 per cent and median survival was not reached. The men had a 5-year survival rate of 42 per cent, with a median survival of 32 months (P = 0.045). Women had undergone more extensive previous surgery and had less extensive peritoneal involvement at the time of cytoreduction. Tumours in women more frequently showed a small nuclear size (30 microm or less) and the chromatin pattern was more often granular than clear. CONCLUSION: Women with DMPM had better survival. This observation may be related to the favourable clinical and histopathological features associated with women.     

Lymphangitis carcinomatosa complicating primary malignant peritoneal mesothelioma.

A patient with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate is described. Computed tomographic scanning suggested lymphangitis carcinomatosa. This was confirmed on transbronchial biopsy to be due to metastatic mesothelioma.     

Surgical treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma in eight cases

Between 1987 and March 2000, we have operated on eight patients for malignant mesothelioma which consisted of four of localized type and four of diffuse type. We have aggressively resected mesothelioma combined with chemotherapy whether the tumor was primary or recurrent, and concluded the following. 1) In localized malignant mesothelioma, en-bloc primary tumor resection was possible and additional resection for recurrence was effective and useful for long time survival. 2) In diffuse malignant mesothelioma, complete tumor resection was impossible to even perform pleuropneumonectomy accompanied with partial resection of pericardium and diaphragm and, therefore, the prognosis was poor in four patients and all died around one year. 3) Because recurrent pattern for localized type was diffuse type, diagnosis and surgical treatment in early stage was essential for long time survival.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤治疗新进展

恶性胸膜间皮瘤是一种与石棉接触密切的肿瘤,其侵袭性很强,起病隐匿,发现时已在中晚期,目前的治疗方案尚未能有很好的治疗效果.采用溶瘤细胞性单纯性疱疹病毒和顺铂诱导溶瘤细胞性单纯性疱疹病毒产生GADD34蛋白增量调节方案能对间皮瘤癌细胞有相对的特异性,是一种有前景的治疗方案.     

Laparoscopy and primary diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a diagnostic challenge

Primary diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare malignancy with an estimated incidence of 200 to 400 new cases annually in the USA. We describe a case of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma arising in a 65-year old man who presented ascites of unknown origin. The importance of laparoscopy with subsequent histology of biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of this disease is emphasized. Because of his poor general condition, the patient had no further treatment. Update of treatment is briefly described with particular attention to multimodality approach.     

Results of treatment of 33 patients with peritoneal mesothelioma

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare peritoneal malignancy, representing approximately one-third of all mesotheliomas. It is regarded as a universally fatal cancer with few treatment options. METHODS: Records of 33 patients with peritoneal mesothelioma were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic, clinical and quantitative prognostic indicators were evaluated and analysed statistically using survival as endpoint. Patients were treated by a uniform strategy involving cytoreductive surgery with peritonectomy procedures and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (cisplatin, doxorubicin). RESULTS: There were ten women and 23 men; mean age was 53.0 years. Asbestos exposure was recorded in five patients and a family history of cancer in 13. Presentation was mainly abdominal distension and pain. Median survival was 31.0 months; overall projected survival at 3 years was 56 per cent. The most significant positive predictive factors of survival were: female sex (P= 0.003), low prior surgical score (P=0.002), completeness of cytoreduction (P=0.0002) and second-look surgery (P=0.019). The morbidity rate for this combined treatment was 33 per cent and the perioperative mortality rate was 3 per cent. CONCLUSION: Although peritoneal mesothelioma is rare, progress in its management has occurred. Survival has been extended and selection factors by which patients may be allocated to aggressive management strategies have been defined.     

应用腹腔镜手术诊治腹膜恶性间皮瘤的体会

目的：探讨应用腹腔镜手术诊治腹膜恶性间皮瘤的优势及可行性。方法：回顾分析2002年5月至2007年2月腹膜恶性间皮瘤27例患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果：患者在常规检查难以确诊的情况下,应用腹腔镜技术均获得病理确诊,经用腹腔热灌注化疗,取得满意疗效。结论：恶性间皮瘤临床少见,常规检查难以确诊,应用腹腔镜技术可以获得可靠的病理诊断,指导进一步治疗,安全可行。     

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma is a highly aggressive neoplasm. The incidence of malignant mesothelioma is increasing worldwide. Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) represents one-fourth of all mesotheliomas. Association of asbestos exposure with DMPM has been observed, especially in males. The great majority of patients present with abdominal pain and distension, caused by accumulation of tumors and ascitic fluid. In the past, DMPM was considered a pre-terminal condition; therefore attracted little attention. Patients invariably died from their disease within a year. Recently, several prospective trials have demonstrated a median survival of 40 to 90 mo and 5-year survival of 30% to 60% after combined treatment using cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. This remarkable improvement in survival has prompted new search into the medical science related to DMPM, a disease previously ignored as uninteresting. This review article focuses on the key advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis, staging, treatments and prognosis of DMPM that have occurred in the past decade.     

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a neoplasm originating from the mesothelial surface lining cells of the serous human cavities. It may involve the pleura, less frequently the peritoneum rarely, the pericardium, the tunica vaginalis testis and ovarian epithelium. Asbestos has been widely used in industry. A causal relationship between asbestos exposure and pleural, peritoneal and pericardial malign mesothelioma was suggested, the risk of cancer being correlated to cumulate exposure. Studies from National Cancer Institute, USA, show that the malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive asbestos related malignancy. The symptomatology is insidious and poses difficult problems in diagnosis and treatment. This paper presents the case of a 59 year old patient with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma who worked almost 40 years as an electrician, exposed to asbestos fibers. He was hospitalized for important weight loss, abdominal pain and tiredness being diagnosed after imaging tests with a giant tumor, localized at the abdominal upper level, which seems to originate from the spleen's superior pole. During surgery we discovered a tumor with cystic parts, intense vascularized, which turn to be adherent in the upper side to the lower face of the left midriff cupola, to the spleen superior pole and 1/3 middle level of the great gastric curve. It was performed surgical ablation of the tumor, splenectomy with favorable postoperative evolution, the patient being now under chemotherapy treatment.     

A case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma presenting with bilateral swelling of spermatic cord

A 67-year-old man had pain and swelling in the bilateral inguinal region. His past medical history included non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cirrhosis. A clinical examination revealed a solid mass that was palpable along with the bilateral spermatic cord from the external inguinal ring to the root of the scrotum. Other than a hydrocele in the right testis, the epididymis and testes were intact. Abdominal computed tomography showed ascites and a solid tumor of the bilateral spermatic cord. Magnetic resonance imaging findings did not suggest malignancy, while antibiotics showed no effects. The patient wanted relief from the inguinal pain and a bilateral high orchiectomy was performed, during which time the spermatic cord was found firmly adhered to the surrounding tissue, and could not be completely resected. A histopathological examination showed epithelial mesothelioma. For additional examination of the ascites, the patient underwent paracentesis, which revealed an extremely high level of hyaluronic acid. Our working diagnosis was peritoneal malignant mesothelioma that had infiltrated the bilateral spermatic cord. We began systemic chemotherapy treatment with pemetrexed and cisplatin, but, the patient died 3 months after the operation.     

Renal cell carcinoma with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: report of a case]

We report a case of left renal cell carcinoma extending into vena cava with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. A 41-year-old man presented to our outpatient clinic with macroscopic hematuria. Upon laparotomy, numerous white nodules were identified on diaphragm and serosa of liver, stomach, small intestine and mesentery. Biopsied specimen showed malignant mesothelioma of peritoneum and renal cell carcinoma of left kidney. He was treated with intraperitoneal cisplatinum and intravenous pirarubicin for mesothelioma, and chemoembolization for renal tumor. After two courses of therapy, he suffered from disseminated intravascular coagulation and died of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Autopsy revealed that intraperitoneal nodules were markedly decreased in number and renal tumor had changed into hemorrhagic necrosis, but tumor thrombus in vena cava had little necrotic change.     

Extrapleural pneumonectomy in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

A technique for extrapleural pneumonectomy in diffuse, malignant, pleural mesothelioma is described. The technique used in a protocol at Brigham and Women's Hospital has resulted in improved operative mortality figures and length of hospital stay. The right-sided procedure is presented followed by differences in technique required by the left-sided approach.     

5-year prospective results of trimodality treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma

AIM: Even though followed by a prolonged survival in highly selected patients, the promising results of Sugarbaker's trimodality treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are debated and not yet uniformly replicated.The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospectively the reproducibility of the trimodality treatment results in a patient population with mesothelioma staged by the IMIG classification. METHODS: Fifty-four patients with MPM have been judged candidable to extended pleuropneumonectomy (EPP), to be followed by chemotherapy (paclitaxel+carboplatin) and radiotherapy (50 Gy). RESULTS: At thoracotomy, 44 of the 54 surgical candidates (81%) underwent EPP; 73% of the operated patients completed the entire adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy with no major toxicity. The 30-day or in-hospital operative mortality rate was 4.5% (2 deaths), the major morbidity 36%, and the overall complication rate 50%. At 5 years the projected survival of the 42 surgical survivors submitted to EPP is 19%; median survival is 20 months. The restricted group of patients with epithelial, N0-1, completely resected MPM (microscopic negative margins) exhibits a projected 50% 5-year survival. Clinical understaging has shown up to be noticeable both at the thoracotomy exploration and pathology examination. Most of the disease recurrences are loco-regional and the current insufficiency of intraoperative or postsurgical radicality needs improvement, along with earlier diagnosis, more accurate staging, and preoperative induction for the multimodality treatment of pleural mesothelioma to become an established curative option. CONCLUSIONS: This series confirms the reproducibility of the trimodality treatment for MPM,which is associated with prolonged survival for early-stage tumors at the cost of a not prohibitive treatment-related mortality rate.