肝脏罕见肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨肝脏罕见肿瘤的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析我院2005年5月至2010年1月收治的25例肝脏罕见肿瘤患者的临床病理资料.结果 25例患者中肝局灶性结节性增生6例,肝血管平滑肌瘤、肝门部神经鞘瘤、肝左叶动脉瘤、肝胆管囊腺瘤、肝错构瘤、肝胆管绒毛状腺瘤、肝弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤各1例,肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例,肝原发间质瘤2例,肝母细胞瘤5例,肝胚胎性肉瘤3例;术前行B超检查24例,CT检查22例,MRI检查6例,仅有3例(16.7%)检查和术后病理结果一致.术前诊断和术后病理符合5例(20%).25例均行手术切除治疗,包括半肝切除术7例,肝叶切除术7例,肝段切除术9例,肿瘤局部挖除2例.肝脏良性、低度恶性肿瘤及1例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤术后无复发,5例恶性肿瘤随访中3例术后复发行再次手术切除,术后随访无复发;另2例死亡,平均术后生存期4个月.结论肝脏罕见肿瘤影像学诊断率低,手术切除是主要的治疗手段,对能切除的复发性肿瘤性病变应争取再次手术切除.     

64排CT检查及软件辅助系统在肝门部胆管癌术前评估和手术规划中的应用

目的 探讨应用64排CT检查及软件辅助系统在肝门部胆管癌术前评估和手术规划中的应用价值.方法 回顾性总结2009年6月至12月中山大学附属第一医院应用64排CT检查及软件辅助系统分析6例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料,6例患者术前行上腹部64排CT检查,然后使用软件辅助系统进行肝脏、肿瘤、血管、胆道的三维重建,显示血管和胆道与肿瘤的三维关系,进行虚拟的肝切除手术方式设计.结果 成功完成对肝脏、肿瘤、血管以及扩张胆道的三维重建,其画面可以任意角度旋转、放大观察.术中证实术前评估和规划及设计的虚拟手术方式与手术的实施一致.手术切除的肝脏体积与软件辅助系统评估的体积差别在5%左右.患者术后恢复良好,无肝功能衰竭发生.结论 64排CT检查及软件辅助系统能对肝门部胆管癌作出准确的术前评估和手术规划.     

64排CT检查及软件辅助系统在肝门部胆管癌术前评估和手术规划中的应用

目的 探讨应用64排CT检查及软件辅助系统在肝门部胆管癌术前评估和手术规划中的应用价值.方法 回顾性总结2009年6月至12月中山大学附属第一医院应用64排CT检查及软件辅助系统分析6例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料,6例患者术前行上腹部64排CT检查,然后使用软件辅助系统进行肝脏、肿瘤、血管、胆道的三维重建,显示血管和胆道与肿瘤的三维关系,进行虚拟的肝切除手术方式设计.结果 成功完成对肝脏、肿瘤、血管以及扩张胆道的三维重建,其画面可以任意角度旋转、放大观察.术中证实术前评估和规划及设计的虚拟手术方式与手术的实施一致.手术切除的肝脏体积与软件辅助系统评估的体积差别在5%左右.患者术后恢复良好,无肝功能衰竭发生.结论 64排CT检查及软件辅助系统能对肝门部胆管癌作出准确的术前评估和手术规划.     

64排CT检查及软件辅助系统在肝门部胆管癌术前评估和手术规划中的应用

目的 探讨应用64排CT检查及软件辅助系统在肝门部胆管癌术前评估和手术规划中的应用价值.方法 回顾性总结2009年6月至12月中山大学附属第一医院应用64排CT检查及软件辅助系统分析6例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料,6例患者术前行上腹部64排CT检查,然后使用软件辅助系统进行肝脏、肿瘤、血管、胆道的三维重建,显示血管和胆道与肿瘤的三维关系,进行虚拟的肝切除手术方式设计.结果 成功完成对肝脏、肿瘤、血管以及扩张胆道的三维重建,其画面可以任意角度旋转、放大观察.术中证实术前评估和规划及设计的虚拟手术方式与手术的实施一致.手术切除的肝脏体积与软件辅助系统评估的体积差别在5%左右.患者术后恢复良好,无肝功能衰竭发生.结论 64排CT检查及软件辅助系统能对肝门部胆管癌作出准确的术前评估和手术规划.     

不能切除的肝脏恶性肿瘤的冷冻治疗

对于手术不能切除的肝脏肿瘤至今没有理想的治疗方法。作者采用液氮冷冻方法治疗外科手术不能切除的肝脏肿瘤,收到了与手术相似的治疗效果。 病人和方法:自1992年1月至1995年4月,共有58例肝脏肿瘤患者准备实施冷冻治疗。男女各半,平均年龄61岁(35～81)。术前诊断主要依靠CT扫描及腹部B型超声。所有患者均行腹腔镜检查或/和剖腹探查。14例(24％)发现肝脏肿瘤范围太广泛或侵犯肝外器官无法分离而放弃冷冻治疗。5例(9％)证实其肿瘤位于肝脏一叶而施行手术切除。其余39例(67％)进行了冷冻治疗。其中包括结肠癌肝转移25例,胃癌肝转移3例,肝细胞癌4例,类癌瘤6例及胃肉瘤肝转移1例。治疗应用Cryotech LCS2000型液氮冷冻机。利用术中超声定位,设置肿     

原发性胆囊癌的影像学诊断分析

目的:探讨B超、CT等影像学检查在诊断原发性胆囊癌中的作用 。方法:对原发性胆囊癌63例的术中所见、病理检查及手术前影像学检查结果,进行回顾总结并作比较分析 。结果:术前诊断为胆囊癌37例,术前诊断率为58.7%(37/63),B超及CT术前确诊率分别为64.8%(35/54)和62.9%（22/35） 。结论:B超和CT是诊断原发性胆囊癌的主要辅助诊断方法,值得推广。     

术中超声在肝肿瘤切除术中的应用价值

探讨术中超声在肝肿瘤切除术中的应用价值。选取本院2014年1月—2018年12月因肝脏肿瘤住院手术的患者50例(A组),分别进行腹部超声、增强CT、增强MRI及术中超声检查,比较不同影像学检查对肝脏肿瘤的检出率及对肝脏恶性肿瘤的敏感性及特异性。同时随机选取未行术中超声检查的50例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者作为对照(B组),统计不同手术方式的术中出血量。A组患者中原发性肝癌34例,转移性肝癌11例,肝脏局灶性结节性增生1例,肝脏炎性假瘤2例,肝血管瘤2例;共检出62个病灶,其中恶性结节47个,良性结节15个。对于肝脏微小结节(直径≤1 cm),术中超声的检出率明显高于其他影像学检查(P0.05);术中超声对肝脏恶性肿瘤诊断的敏感性及特异性均高于腹部超声(P0.05),但与增强CT及增强MRI比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术中出血量明显少于B组(P0.05)。术中超声对肝脏恶性肿瘤有较高的敏感性及特异性,能够发现术前难以发现的微小结节,减少术中出血量,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

术中B超在肝内胆管结石手术治疗中的作用

目的:评价术中B超（IOUS）在肝内胆管结石手术中的应用价值 。方法:回顾分析21例行术中B超检查的肝内胆管结石病人的临床资料 。结果:21例肝内胆管结石均在术中B超引导下行纤维胆道镜或切开肝脏、胆管取石,其中有15例IOUS发现与术前影像学检查结果相一致,2例病人IOUS发现肝内胆管其它部位结石,4例术前B超诊断为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级肝内胆管结石者IOUS结合纤维胆道镜确诊为胆管壁钙化;术后残石率为9.01%(2/21) 。结论:IOUS能提高肝内胆管结石的诊断正确率和结石取净率,降低结石的残留率。     

计算机辅助手术系统在儿童肝脏原发性间叶肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨Hisense CAS计算机辅助手术系统在儿童肝脏原发性间叶肿瘤手术中的应用优势。方法 收集2009年4月至2020年11月在青岛大学附属医院接受肝脏间叶肿瘤手术的8例肝脏间叶源性肿瘤患儿的临床资料,其中男3例,女5例,年龄0.9～9岁;间叶错构瘤4例,胚胎性肉瘤4例。其中4例运用Hisense CAS计算机辅助手术系统对其增强CT数据进行三维重建。结果 术前根据CT检查拟实施精准肝切除术,4例成功进行肝脏及肿瘤的三维重建,并进行模拟肝切除。根据术前制定的手术计划成功实施肝中叶切除术2例,肝右叶切除术1例,肝左叶切除术2例,肝脏肿瘤切除术3例。术后恢复好,病理检查证实皆为肝脏间叶肿瘤。随访3个月至5年未见并发症及复发。结论 肝脏间叶肿瘤影像学特征不明显,很难与其他肝脏肿瘤区分,肿瘤体积较大,术前规划难度较高,Hisense CAS计算机辅助手术系统的3D可视化技术能补充CT检查结果,辅助医师设计最优手术方案,有助于安全根治性切除肿瘤。     

大肠癌同期肝转移的术中B超诊断及危险因素

目的:研究术中B超(IOUS)诊断大肠癌同期肝转移的价值,分析大肠癌同期肝转移危险因素,探讨IOUS的临床应用.方法:对上海市第六人民医院2008年3月—2011年6月诊治的427例大肠癌采用IOUS对肝脏行全方位检查以诊断肝转移,收集临床资料,选择性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、病理分化程度、病灶浸润程度、淋巴结转移情况、病灶大小及术前血清CEA水平等临床因素,进行单因素和多因素分析.结果.427例患者中有83例合并同期肝转移,占19.4％.术前联合应用B超、CT确诊肝转移65例,其中8例IOUS发现肝脏另有转移灶；IOUS新发现肝转移18例.IOUS准确性为96.0％,明显高于术前联合应用B超、CT 84.5％ (P＜0.05).病灶浸润程度、淋巴结转移情况、病灶大小及术前血清CEA水平与同期肝转移呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论:IOUS对探查大肠癌同期肝转移具有较高诊断价值.术中发现肿瘤直径≥4.O cm、肿瘤累及肠壁全层、淋巴结转移、术前血清CEA水平升高的大肠癌患者发生同期肝转移的危险性较大,应加强对肝脏的探查,有条件者可行IOUS检查.     

Accuracy of Preoperative Imaging of Hepatic Tumors With Helical Computed Tomography

Background The accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans in the era of modern imaging techniques with helical, high-resolution CT has not been adequately assessed. We reviewed the data from our departmental prospective database with the hypothesis that intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) still detects more hepatic tumors than are evident on preoperative helical CT scans. Methods All patients who underwent surgical resection and/or radiofrequency ablation of primary or metastatic hepatic tumors between January 2001 and July 2002 were included in the review. All patients had preoperative helical CT imaging followed by hepatic IOUS. The number of malignant lesions and evidence of local disease identified by the preoperative CT scan versus IOUS and surgical exploration were compared. Results In this time period, 250 patients underwent surgical resection and/or radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors. In 67 (27%) of these patients, IOUS identified more hepatic tumors than were seen on preoperative helical CT scan. In eight patients (3%), CT underestimated local extension of the disease into the diaphragm. The incidence of inaccurate preoperative prediction of the extent of disease increased significantly with a greater number of hepatic tumors. Conclusions IOUS identified additional hepatic tumors in 27% of patients who underwent hepatic resection after state-of-the-art preoperative CT imaging. This study provides evidence that IOUS remains an essential part of the complete assessment of hepatic malignancies in patients who receive surgical treatment.     

Prospective comparison of preoperative imaging and intraoperative ultrasonography in the detection of liver tumors

A prospective evaluation of the accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and angiography was performed in 54 patients undergoing resection of hepatic neoplasms. The results were compared with surgical findings and intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS). A total of 167 lesions was seen by means of IOUS, of which preoperative US enabled detection of 127 (76%). In 48 patients CT allowed detection of 91 of 150 lesions (61%), and in 35 patients angiography showed 56 of 107 lesions (52%). When the detection rate is analyzed according to hepatic segment, the greater overall accuracy of preoperative US may be attributed to a markedly better detection rate in lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver. Lesion size also represented a factor, with preoperative US allowing detection of a greater number of small (less than 2 cm) lesions compared with CT. In patients studied with both CT and US, the combined lesion-detection rate increased to 81% in the right lobe and 76% in the left lobe. Because of this we recommend that preoperative assessment include both CT and US evaluation of the liver. IOUS showed 25% to 35% additional lesions compared with preoperative US and CT. More importantly, 40% of the lesions demonstrated by IOUS were neither visible nor palpable at surgery. We recommend that IOUS be considered in all patients in whom resection of hepatic neoplasm is planned.     

What is the yield of intraoperative ultrasonography during partial hepatectomy for malignant disease?

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) during hepatic resection for malignancy changes the operative plan or identifies occult unresectable disease in a large proportion of patients. This study was undertaken to reassess the yield of IOUS in light of recent improvements in preoperative staging. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with potentially resectable primary or metastatic hepatic malignancies subjected to exploration, bimanual palpation of the liver, and IOUS were evaluated prospectively. Intraoperative findings were recorded, and preoperative imaging studies were reanalyzed by radiologists blinded to the intraoperative findings. The extent of disease based on preoperative imaging was compared with the intraoperative findings. RESULTS: From October 1997 until November 1998, 111 patients were evaluated. At exploration, a total of 77 new findings or findings different than suggested on the imaging studies were identified in 61 patients (55%), the most common of which was additional hepatic tumors (n = 37). Thirty-five of 77 (45%) new findings were identified by IOUS alone and 10 (13%) by palpation alone; the remainder were identified by both palpation and IOUS. Forty-seven of 61 patients (77%) underwent a complete resection despite new intraoperative findings, with a modification (n = 28) or no change (n = 19) in the planned operation. Twenty-one patients (19%) had new findings identified only on IOUS. Thirteen of these patients underwent resection with no change in the operative plan, six underwent a modified resection and two were considered to have unresectable disease based solely on the findings of IOUS. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with hepatic malignancies submitted to a potentially curative resection, new intraoperative findings or findings different than suggested on preoperative imaging studies are common. But resection with no change in the operative plan or a modified resection is still possible in the majority of patients despite such findings. The findings on IOUS alone rarely lead to a change in the operative plan.     

Role of intraoperative ultrasound of the liver with improved preoperative hepatic imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) of the liver should still be considered a routine procedure for patients having hepatic resections as their preoperative investigation has become so much better with the standard use of triphasic spiral computed tomograms (CT). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University medical centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. PATIENTS: 26 consecutive patients undergoing liver resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: How much additional information was given by IOUS, and its influence on operative strategy; how IOUS facilitated the hepatic resection. RESULTS: IOUS revealed additional information over triphasic CT in 13/26 patients, which led to a change in the surgical procedure in 4 (15%). For all 4 patients the change in surgical approach proved to be correct as judged by histology and clinical outcome. In 12 patients IOUS facilitated the resection by providing helpful three-dimensional anatomical insight. CONCLUSION: Despite recent improvements in preoperative investigation, IOUS should still be recommended as a routine procedure in patients having hepatic resections. In addition to aiding the ultimate decision about which part to resect, it also gives insight into the hepatic anatomy.     

Intraoperative ultrasonography and surgical strategy in hepatic resection: What difference does it make?

Background

With modern advancements in preoperative imaging for liver surgery, intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) may be perceived as superfluous. Our aim was to determine if IOUS provides new information that changes surgical strategy in hepatic resection.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 121 consecutive liver resections performed at a single institution. Preoperative computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging determined the initial surgical strategy. The size, location and number of lesions were compared between IOUS and preoperative imaging. Reviewing the operative report helped determine if new IOUS findings led to changes in surgical strategy. Pathology reports were analyzed for margins.

Results

Of 121 procedures analyzed, IOUS was used in 88. It changed the surgical plan in 15 (17%) cases. Additional tumours were detected in 10 (11%) patients. A change in tumour size and location were detected in 2 (2%) and 3 (4%) patients, respectively. Surgical plans were altered in 7 (8%) cases for reasons not related to IOUS. There was no significant difference (p = 0.74) in average margin length between the IOUS and non-IOUS groups (1.09 ± 1.18 cm v. 1.18 ± 1.05 cm).

Conclusion

Surgical strategy was altered owing to IOUS results in a substantial number of cases, and IOUS-guided resection planes resulted in R0 resections in nearly all procedures. The best operative plan in hepatic resection includes IOUS.     

胰岛素瘤误诊探讨和诊治--附17例报告

目的　探讨避免胰岛素瘤误诊 ,总结诊疗体会。方法　回顾性分析 1984～ 2 0 0 3年 12月收治的 17例胰岛素瘤的临床资料。结果　本组患者从发病到确诊 1～ 10年 ,平均 2 .5 4年 ,一年内确诊着 3例。占 17.6 4 % ,均有被误诊病史 ,最常见的误诊原因分别是反应性低血糖 (占 4 7.0 5 % )、癫痫、颅内病变。 5 2 .94 % (9/ 17)在确诊时有智力减退或反应迟钝 ,Whipple三联征 [胰岛素与血糖比值(I/G) >0 .3]。CT、MRI、术前B超、术中B超 (IOUS)诊断 ,均行手术治疗。其中肿瘤剜除术 9例 ,胰体尾切除 5例 ,楔形切除 3例 ,全组无手术死亡 ,术后无低血糖发作。术后胰瘘 2例。结论　Whipple三联征I/G >0 .3是胰岛素瘤定性诊断的主要依据。术前MRI、B超 ,术中详尽扪诊联合IOUS可取得较为满意的定位诊断 ,据胰岛素瘤大小、部位、数目采取适宜的手术方式是良好疗效的关键。     

Current value of intraoperative sonography during surgery for hepatic neoplasms

Noninvasive liver imaging has developed rapidly resulting in increased accuracy for detecting primary and secondary hepatic tumors. Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) was commonly considered to be the gold standard for liver staging, but the current value of IOUS is unknown in view of more sophisticated radiologic tools. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of IOUS on the treatment of 149 patients undergoing liver surgery for malignant disease (colorectal metastasis, 61 patients; hepatoma, 52 patients; other hepatic malignant tumors, 36 patients). The sensitivities of computed tomography (CT), helical CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and IOUS in patients with colorectal metastases were 69.2%, 82.5%, 84.9%, and 95.2% in a segment-by-segment analysis; in patients with hepatoma their sensitivities were 76.9%, 90.9%, 93.0%, and 99.3%; and in patients with other hepatic malignancies they were 66.7%, 89.6%, 93.3%, and 98.9%, respectively. Additional malignant lesions (AMLs) were first detected by inspection and palpation in 20 patients (13.4%). In another 18 patients (12.1%) IOUS revealed at least one AML. Overall, the findings obtained only by IOUS changed the surgical strategy in 34 cases (22.8%). It was concluded that IOUS, having undergone some refinement as well, still has immense diagnostic value in hepatectomy candidates. Frequently avoiding palliative liver resection and occasionally disproving unresectability as assessed by preoperative imaging, IOUS still has a significant impact on surgical decision making and should still be considered the gold standard.     

胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗：附33例报告

目的：探讨胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。
方法：回顾性分析33例胰岛细胞瘤的临床资料。
结果：诊断采用CT,MRI,SAOG,术前B超,IRI/G和术中B超（IOUS）,敏感性分别为64.71%,50%,42.86%,15.38%,94.74%和100%。术前确诊率54.55%,手术探查的阳性率为90.91%;治疗采用肿瘤局部摘除术24例,远段胰腺切除术9例。治愈率为90.91%,并发症发生率33.33%,病死率3.03%。
结论：术中触诊联合IOUS基本上可定位诊断;根据胰岛细胞瘤的大小、部位、数目采取适宜的手术方式是获得良好疗效的关键。     

胰岛素瘤64例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结胰岛素瘤的诊断与外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析64例胰岛素瘤的临床资料.结果 64例均表现Whipple三联征.术前BUS、CT及强化CT、MRI、DSA诊断阳性率分别为46.9%(30/64),58.2%(23/39),66.7%(18/27),91.7%(11/12).IOUS诊断阳性率为92%(23/25).单个肿瘤58例,多发肿瘤6例.单发者位于胰头19例,其中直径4cm 1例,胰体17例,胰尾22例;多发者6例均为2枚肿瘤,4例位于胰体,2例分别位于胰体和胰尾各1枚.治疗行肿瘤局部切除39例,胰体尾切除13例加作脾切除6例,胰尾切除8例加作脾切除4例,胰体表面肿瘤直径2cm行腹腔镜下单纯肿瘤摘除1例,自左向右分段切除(盲切法)2例,行胰头十二指肠切除1例.良性肿瘤62例,恶性2例.术后胰瘘3例、急性胰腺炎4例均经非手术治愈.64例术后低血糖症状消失.62例良性胰岛素瘤术后随诊1～5年血糖正常,其中2例分别于术后4年和5年复发,再次手术发现胰尾近脾门处分别有直径1cm和1.5cm肿瘤,经胰尾切除后治愈.45例随访8年血糖正常,17例失访.2例恶性胰岛素瘤分别于术后3年和4年复发,因肝转移死亡.结论 Whipple三联征和测定IRI/G＞0.3是定性诊断的依据.术中触诊联合IOUS是最有效的肿瘤定位诊断方法.胰岛素瘤切除术是最佳的治疗方法.