多体素氢质子MR波谱结合ADC鉴别胶质瘤复发与放射性坏死

目的探讨多体素氢质子MR波谱(1H-MRS)联合ADC图鉴别胶质瘤术后放疗后复发与放射性坏死的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院38例胶质瘤术后放疗后行MR检查发现异常强化病灶患者的1H-MRS和ADC图资料。测量强化区、水肿区以及正常脑组织区的胆碱(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)、Cho/N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、NAA/Cr及ADC值。比较复发与放射性坏死两组间Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr以及病灶-对侧相对ADC(r ADC)值的差异。ROC曲线分析各参数值最佳诊断界值及对应的诊断敏感性、特异性。结果胶质瘤术后复发17例,放射性坏死21例。复发组强化区、水肿区的Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA均明显高于放射性坏死组(P0.05)。复发组强化区r ADC值低于放射性坏死组(P0.05)。强化区Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、r ADC值最佳诊断界值分别为2.470、2.825、0.538。水肿区Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA最佳诊断界值分别为1.345、1.750。结论临床可联合应用多体素1H-MRS和ADC图对胶质瘤术后放疗后复发与放射性坏死进行鉴别诊断,从而有助于及时合理的选择个体化治疗方案。     

单体素1H-MRS分析在评估脑胶质瘤放疗效果中的应用研究

目的 探讨单体素氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)分析在评估脑商胶质瘤放疗效果中的应用价值.资料与方法 对28例Ⅱ～Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤术后患者于放疗前及放疗后1-2个月行MRI增强检查及1H-MRS检杳,测定各丰要代谢产物峰下面积,并计算出病灶波谱参数胆碱(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)、Cho/N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、NAA/Cr比值及脂质(Lip)波、乳酸(Lac)波出现概率.以放疗后5～10个月MRI增强扫描结果及二次手术结果为随访标准进行分组,即放疗后抑制组、放疗后复发组及放射性脑损伤组,对各组放疗前后的波谱参数进行对照,验证1H-MRS参数与放疗效果的相关性.结果 肿瘤抑制组表现为Cho浓度及Cha/Cr、Cho/NAA比值显著降低(P<0.05),NAA、Cr浓度有所下降,Lip-Lac波出现增多.肿瘤复发组Cho浓度及Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值仍显著升高,Cr浓度中度升高,出现更多的Lip-Lac波,仍表现为特征性肿瘤波谱.放射件脑损伤组Chw/Cr、Cho/NAA比值较放疗前轻度上升,远不及复发组上升明显,NAA及Cr浓度下降.结论 单体素1H-MRS能从代谢方面无创伤地监测脑胶质瘤放疗后的组织代谢、生理生化改变,具有早期评价胶质瘤放疗疗效的优越性.     

脑胶质瘤ADC值及1H磁共振波谱分析与病理分级的相关性研究

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的表观弥散系数(ADC)值和1H磁共振波谱(MRS)对脑胶质瘤的诊断价值.方法 对43例病理证实的胶质瘤患者进行MRI平扫、增强、DWI和1H磁共振波谱成像,分别测量肿瘤的实质部分、肿瘤坏死囊变区、肿瘤周边区域及对侧相应部位正常脑白质的ADC值和相对ADC值,同时测量脑胶质瘤中的各种化学成分,如NAA、Cho 、Cr 和Lac等,并计算NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、NAA/Lac、Cho/Cr、Lac/Cr比值,测量结果与术后病理分级进行对照.结果 ①低级胶质瘤(1~2级)组的肿瘤实质部分的平均ADC值和rADC值均明显高于高级胶质瘤(3~4级)组(P<0.01).②胶质瘤实质部分的ADC值和rADC值均与肿瘤组织的病理分级呈明显负相关(P值均<0.01,r= - 0.767和-0.792).③ 高级别、低级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01);高、低级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织分别与对侧正常脑组织NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01).④ 脑胶质瘤的NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr比值与病理级别呈负相关,r分别为-0.782和-0.712;Cho/Cr比值与病理级别呈正相关,r=0.806.结论 ADC值和1H MRS与胶质瘤的病理分级有明显相关性,可作为胶质瘤术前评价的依据.     

探讨联合应用MRS和DWI在脑胶质瘤分级中的诊断价值

目的 探讨联合应用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)相关代谢物和磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的表观扩散系数(ADC)值在脑胶质瘤分级诊断中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的59例脑胶质瘤的MRS和DWI图像.按照WH0 2007标准,将病例分为两组:低级别胶质瘤组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,24例)和高级别胶质瘤组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,35例),测量并计算肿瘤实质区、健侧脑组织区代谢物及ADC值的相对值和比值,作统计学分析.结果 在59例脑胶质瘤中,rNAA、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho及rADC在低、高级别组胶质瘤比较中差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而rCho和rCr在两组胶质瘤比较中差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);经受试者工作特征曲线分析发现rNAA、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、rADC鉴别胶质瘤分级的曲线下面积＞0.5,MRS+ rADC鉴别胶质瘤分级的曲线下面积(0.956)＞单独运用MRS(0.893)或rADC的曲线下面积(0.805),MRS+ rADC诊断低、高级别胶质瘤的敏感性和特异性分别达88.6％、95.8％.结论 联合分析MRS参数(rNAA、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho)和DWI参数(rADC)对诊断胶质瘤分级具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可为临床治疗方案的制定及判断预后提供帮助.     

3.0T MR多模态功能成像在胶质瘤术后复发与放射性坏死鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨联合扩散加权成像(DWI)、灌注加权成像(PWI)和磁共振波谱(MRS)在胶质瘤术后复发与放射性坏死鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 34例胶质瘤术后复发和20例放射性坏死患者采用Siemens Verio 3.0 T磁共振扫描仪行常规MRI、DWI、PWI或MRS检查.分别测量DWI的表观扩散系数(ADC)值和rADC值、PWI的血流动力学参数和MRS的代谢物参数,利用两样本t检验和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各参数,并联合筛检DWI、PWI和MRS各自的最佳参数.结果 rADC值、rCBV和Cho/NAA分别是DWI、PWI和MRS的最佳诊断参数,对两种疾病鉴别诊断均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).以Youden指数最大值作为诊断临界点,rADC值诊断胶质瘤术后复发的敏感度和特异度分别为86.7％和72.9％.rCBV诊断胶质瘤术后复发的敏感度和特异度分别为76.5％和94.7％.Cho/NAA诊断胶质瘤术后复发的敏感度和特异度分别为77.8％和100％.联合rADC值、rCBV和Cho/NAA诊断胶质瘤术后复发的敏感度和特异度分别为94.7％和100％.结论 DWI、PWI和MRS在胶质瘤术后复发与放射性坏死鉴别诊断中有重要价值,联合最佳参数有助于两者的鉴别诊断.     

~1H磁共振波谱在胶质瘤放疗后复发和放射性脑坏死鉴别中的初步应用

目的　探讨质子磁共振波谱 (1HMRS)对胶质瘤放疗后复发和放射性脑坏死鉴别诊断的价值。方法　 15例有脑部放疗史 ,临床及CT、MRI难以判断为肿瘤复发或放射性脑坏死的患者 ,5例病史明确的放射性脑坏死的患者 ,均行1HMRS检查。结果　前 15例经手术证实 ,14例为胶质瘤 ,1例放射性脑坏死 ,1HMRS诊断正确。 (1) 14例胶质瘤在1HMRS上均表现为明显增高的胆碱(Cho)峰 ,氮乙酰门冬氨酸 (NAA)、肌酸 (Cr)峰下降或消失 ,Cho/Cr比值升高 ,NAA/Cr比值降低 ;12例出现乳酸 (Lac)峰。 (2 )放射性脑坏死表现为 :5例Cho、NAA、Cr下降或消失 ,出现脂质 (Lipid)峰 ;1例Cho、NAA、Cr峰均消失 ,仅表现一较平坦的曲线 ,无Lac峰。结论　1HMRS对胶质瘤放疗后复发和放射性脑坏死的鉴别有重要价值。     

多体素1H-MRS联合ADC在脑胶质瘤分级诊断与瘤细胞增殖评估中的应用

目的 探讨多体素氢质子磁共振波谱成像（¹H-MRS）联合表观扩散系数（ADC）在脑胶质瘤分级诊断、评估肿瘤细胞增殖活性的应用价值。方法 60例脑胶质瘤患者,低级别胶质瘤（LGG）组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ级）22例,高级别胶质瘤（HGG）组（Ⅲ、Ⅳ级）38例。所有患者术前完成多体素¹H-MRS及扩散加权成像（DWI）检查。分析瘤体区胆碱（Cho）/肌酸（Cr）、Cho/N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、NAA/Cr、瘤体区表观扩散系数（ADC_T）、对侧正常脑实质表观扩散系数（ADC_H）、相对表观扩散系数（rADC）(rADC=ADC_T/ADC_H)、Ki-67指数的统计学差异。结果 LGG、HGG瘤体区Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA及ADC_T、rADC值的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）;Cho/Cr联合rADC值的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）最大（AUC=0.92）,脑胶质瘤分级诊断敏感度、特异度为92.1%、80.3%。瘤体区...     

^1H磁共振波谱在胶质瘤放疗后复发和放射性脑坏死鉴别中的初步应用

目的：探讨质子磁共振波谱（^H MRS）对胶质瘤放射后复发和放射性脑坏死鉴别诊断的价值。方法：15例有脑部放疗史,临床及CT、MRI难以判断为肿瘤复发或放射性脑坏死的患者5例病史明确的放射性脑坏死的患者,均行^H MRS检查,结果：15例经手术证实,14例为胶质瘤1例放射性脑坏死,^H MRS诊断正确。（1）14例胶质瘤在^H MRS上均表现为明显增高的胆碱（Cho)峰,氮乙酰门冬氨酸（NAA）,肌酸（Cr)峰下降 或消失,Cho/Cr比值升高,NAA／Cr比值降低;12例出现乳酸（Lac)峰。（2）放射性脑坏死表现为：5例Cho,NAA,Cr下降或消失,出现脂质（Lipid)峰;1例Cho,NAA,Cr峰均消失,仅表现一较平坦的曲线,无Lac峰。结论^H MRS对胶质瘤疗后复发和放射性脑坏死的鉴别有重要价值。     

~1H-MRS在脑胶质瘤诊断及分级中的应用

目的:分析脑胶质瘤的氢质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)表现及其临床意义;探讨脑胶质瘤的1H-MRS特点与其病理级别相关性。方法:搜集经临床手术、病理证实的脑胶质瘤38例,按照WHO分级(2000)标准分成两组:低级别脑胶质瘤组、高级别脑胶质瘤组。所有患者在术前行1H-MRS检查,均在MR非增强成像的基础上获得。使用GE Signa1.5T超导磁共振扫描仪,多体素扫描,点分辨选择波谱法,检测不同区域代谢物变化。结果:脑胶质瘤的1H-MRS表现:肌酸(Cr)无明显变化;N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)下降,胆碱(Cho)增高,变化的程度由肿瘤级别高低决定;低级别、高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织分别和对侧正常脑组织的NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01);低级别脑胶质瘤和高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织的NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho比值有统计学意义(P<0.05),脑胶质瘤的NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr比值与病理级别相关。结论:1H-MRS与MRI相结合能提高脑胶质瘤术前诊断的准确性。1H-MRS可评价脑胶质瘤的分级,反映脑胶质瘤代谢特性以及肿瘤生长潜能。     

磁共振DTI和多体素~1H-MRS在胶质瘤术前分级中的联合应用

目的探讨MR弥散张量成像(DTI)和多体素氢质子MR波谱(~1H-MRS)在胶质瘤术前分级诊断中的临床联合应用价值。方法回顾分析我院经病理证实的38例胶质瘤术前常规MR、DTI和~1H-MRS资料,其中低级别胶质瘤(LGG,WHO Ⅱ级)15例,高级别胶质瘤(HGG,WHO Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)23例。以肿瘤周围脑实质为种子点重建弥散张量纤维束成像(DTT)图。测量肿瘤实质区(TT)、瘤周区(AT)以及对侧正常脑组织区(CT)的各项异性指数(FA)、平均弥散系数(MD)和胆碱(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)、Cho/N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、NAA/Cr值。比较组内同一参数在不同组织间差异,并比较各参数值在两组间的差异。结果 DTT显示HGG的TT和AT区白质纤维束以破坏为主(19/23,82.6%),LGG以浸润为主(13/15,86.7%)。HGG组由TT、AT至CT区FA、MD、NAA/Cr逐渐增高,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA逐渐降低(P0.05)。LGG组TT区FA、MD、NAA/Cr低于AT和CT区,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA相反(P0.05)。HGG组TT和AT区MD、NAA/Cr均低于LGG组,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA均高于LGG组(P0.05)。HGG组FA值仅在AT区低于LGG组(P0.05)。结论临床可联合应用DTI和多体素~1H-MRS各参数对胶质瘤术后进行分级诊断,从而有助于及时合理的选择个体化治疗方案。     

Brain metastasis

Background and purpose

This study was performed to evaluate the prognostic role for survival of the number and the type of involved extracranial organs in patients with brain metastasis.

Material and methods

The data of 1146 patients who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone for brain metastasis have been retrospectively analyzed. In addition to the number of involved extra cranial organs, seven potential prognostic factors were investigated including WBRT regimen, age, gender, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), primary tumor type, number of brain metastases, and the interval from cancer diagnosis to WBRT. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed for patients with involvement of one (lung vs. bone vs. liver vs. other metastasis) and two (lung + lymph nodes vs. lung + bone vs. lung + liver vs. liver + bone vs. other combinations) extracranial organs.

Results

The 6-month survival rates for the involvement of 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥?4 extracranial organs were 51, 30, 16, 13, and 10?%, respectively (p?<?0.001). On multivariate analysis, the number of involved extracranial organs maintained significance (risk ratio 1.26; 95?% confidence interval 1.18–1.34; p?<?0.001). According to the multivariate analysis, age (p?<?0.001), gender (p?=?0.002), and KPS (p?<?0.001) were also independent prognostic factors for survival. In the subgroup analyses of patients with involvement of one and two extracranial organs, survival was not significantly different based on the extracranial organ involved.

Conclusion

The number of involved extracranial organs proved to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with brain metastasis, regardless of the organs involved. The number of involved extracranial organs should be considered in future trials designed for patients with brain metastasis.     

Prognostic Factors for Brain Metastases after Whole Brain Radiotherapy

PURPOSE: Prognostic factors for overall survival of patients treated for brain metastases with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) at a single institution were retrospectively evaluated, and the validity of the RTOG recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) for prognostic classes was assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of all patients (n = 268) with brain metastases from solid tumors homogeneously treated between 01/1997 and 09/1999 at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, with WBRT without surgery or radiosurgery were reviewed. 13 different patient- and therapy-related variables were evaluated for prognosis. Second, a grouping of the study cohort was performed according to the RTOG RPA prognostic classes. RESULTS: Median survival of the whole population after the start of WBRT was 3.8 months. The 1-year survival rate was 19%. Multivariate analysis revealed that only the Karnofsky performance status, control of the primary and no extracranial disease were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. These are also the main determinants of the RTOG RPA classes. Applying the RTOG RPA classes to the authors' data set revealed three subgroups with significantly different prognosis. CONCLUSION: Based on this analysis, prognostic factors for survival after WBRT in patients with brain metastases could be identified. A total of 19% (n = 44/232) survived > or = 1 year, whereas overall survival was poor. The potential value of the RPA classes in estimating the patient's prognosis could be confirmed.     

Linac Radiosurgery Versus Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For patients with inoperable brain metastases, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the standard treatment for decades. Radiosurgery is an effective alternative strategy, but has failed to show a substantial survival benefit so far. The prognostic factors derived from the RTOG recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) provide a framework that allows a nonrandomized comparison of the two modalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 1998, 117 patients with one to three previously untreated cerebral metastases underwent single-dose linac radiosurgery (median dose 20 Gy) without adjuvant WBRT. After radiosurgery, 26/117 patients (22%) had salvage WBRT, radiosurgery or neurosurgical resection of recurrent (4/117) and/or new (24/117) metastases. Survival of these patients was compared to a historical group of 138 patients with one to three lesions treated by WBRT (30-36 Gy/3-Gy fractions) from 1978 to 1991; only nine of these patients (7%) had salvage WBRT. All patients were classified into the three RPA prognostic classes based on age, performance score, and presence of extracranial tumor manifestations. RESULTS: In RPA class I (Karnofsky performance score > or = 70, primary tumor controlled, no other metastases, age < 65 years), radiosurgery resulted in a median survival of 25.4 months (n = 23, confidence interval [CI] 5.8-45.0) which was significantly longer than for WBRT (n = 9, 4.7 months, CI 3.8-5.5; p < 0.0001). In RPA class III (Karnofsky performance score < 70), no significant difference in survival between radiosurgery (n = 20, 4.2 months, CI 3.2-5.3) and WBRT (n = 68, 2.5 months, CI 2.2-2.8) was found. In RPA class II (all other patients), radiosurgery produced a small, but significant survival advantage (radiosurgery: n = 74, 5.9 months, CI 3.2-8.5, WBRT: n = 61, 4.1 months, CI 3.4-4.9; p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery in patients with one to three cerebral metastases results in a substantial survival benefit only in younger patients with a low systemic tumor burden when compared to WBRT alone. It cannot be excluded that this effect is partially caused by the available salvage options after radiosurgery.     

急性脑损伤后继发性脑肿胀和脑水肿发生机制的实验研究

目的研究脑损伤后脑继发性损害中，脑肿胀和脑水肿的病理改变，探讨其相互关系。方法通过脑损伤动物模型，按时间顺序分成４个时相观察组（即６、２４、７２小时和７天），在光镜和电镜下观察脑损伤后不同时相的病理变化，同时测定脑含水量。结果发现脑肿胀在伤后６小时已出现、２４小时达高峰、以后逐渐下降，而脑水肿在伤后２４小时明显、７２小时达高峰、１周后开始下降。结论脑损伤后脑继发性损害是先出现脑肿胀而后出现脑水肿，而并非只出现脑水肿一种病理状态。     

Brain stem tumors

The most common brain stem tumor in both the adult and pediatric population is the brain stem glioma. MR has significant advantages over CT in detecting the presence of the tumor as well as evaluating its extent. Diagnosis must be as precise as possible, since therapy is generally administered without biopsy material available for pathologic examination. Defining the extent of the tumor is mandatory so that appropriate radiation therapy margins are available and geometric misses do not occur. Unenhanced CT may yield some prognostic information regarding patients who have brain stem gliomas. Further work must be done to determine if any MR correlates, such as calculated T1- or T2-relaxation times, can provide similar information. Also, work relating to any prognostic information provided by the appearance of gadolinium enhancement should be undertaken. With MR, the ability to differentiate brain stem glioma from other posterior fossa tumors and from benign lesions that often do not require therapy now exists.