Computer facilitation of the resident selection process

A personal computer software system has been designed and implemented to facilitate the numerous complex tasks involved in the resident selection process. The computer tracks the status of each candidate, monitors each application for incomplete documentation, generates personalized correspondence, computes and maintains a scoring system based on evaluation by each Resident Selection Committee member, and provides various data printouts (eg, list of candidates by medical school; persons granted an interview; and ranking lists). Developed with the intent to share with the academic community, the system improves organization and accuracy, and notably decreases time spent by administrative assistants and staff members in the resident selection process.     

放射剂量测量的远程控制和数据处理

目的 解决中子-γ混合辐射场只能近距离测量与测量人员因不能远离辐射场而可能受到泄漏中子和γ射线照射的问题，并提高测量效率和精度。方法 开发并利用远程控制技术，通过深入剖析6517A静电计中固化的各种控制、采样和通讯命令，利用计算机通过RS-232串行通信接口远程对剂量仪进行控制，在测量完成的第一时间取回测量数据并可通过网络共享这些数据。结果 通过计算机编程，首次实现本地计算机对6517A静电计的完全自动控制，并通过远程计算机对本地计算机的控制来设置并驱动6517A静电计完成剂量测量任务，实现人员对仪器的异地操作。剂量测量全过程不需要测量人员到现场，从而使测量人员免受泄漏射线的照射。结论 本课题首次将远程控制的概念引入以前一直只能近距离进行的放射剂量测量领域，在保证工作质量的同时保护了测量人员的安全与健康。     

Quantitative cartilage volume measurement using MRI: comparison of different evaluation techniques

This study was aimed to investigate the accuracy and time saving of MRI Argus application in the assessment of cartilage volume in osteoarthritic knees. Twelve knees of patients suffering from osteoarthritis were scanned with a 1.5 T MRI using a 3D gradient echo sequence with selective water excitation. Cartilage volume of the tibial and patellar compartment was determined with a validated multiprocessing computer system (Octane Duo, Silicon Graphics, Mountain View, Calif., USA). The calculated cartilage volumes were compared to the results acquired by the Argus (Siemens Inc., Erlangen, Germany) application software using the MRI data sets. Compared to the multiprocessing computer system a time saving of at least 30 min for cartilage volume determination was achieved. The mean differences of Argus versus the multiprocessing computer system were 4.26±0.84 and 7.80±0.87% for the medial and lateral tibial plateau and 5.94±0.59% for the patella (no statistical significant difference; P>0.05). The applied Argus software can be used for fast and accurate determination of cartilage volume in the knee joint.The authors certify that there is no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this article     

The computer in radiology--medical letter generation and practice management with COMRAD

One year after introduction of the COMRAD EDP system of text processing to the radiological practice of the author, the advantages resulting for the physician and medical staff as well as for the transferring physician and their patients are presented and the economic efficiency is determined. The high capacity of COMRAD including the automatic text processing for a complete computer aided administration of medical practice and the accounting department, is based on the advanced technological development of microelectronics and combined with a user specific software. The hardware equipment enables multiprogram processing, data processing in on-line operation as well as short access-time of stored data, due to the rapid tracertechnology of the computer. The software equipment, with text processing and a medical practice administration system, permits the regular workload to be handled efficiently and reliable. The main issue is text processing using a text rail. An integrated part of the result output is the performance capacity enabling automatic settlement of accounts with health insurance agencies and privately insured patients. Statistical evaluation, for instance the daily performance efficiency of the practice can be recalled any time. An accounting system accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll and general accounting supplements the software package enabling a computer aided handling of all administrative tasks required in a radiological practice.     

Fundamentals of computerised data acquisition in the human performance laboratory

Researchers of the future will depend upon computer technology to address questions that previously could not be answered using traditional methods of data acquisition. Recent advances in computer design and software availability have eliminated many of the limitations previously associated with computer use in the laboratory setting. Although computerisation facilitates the acquisition of laboratory data, identification of errors introduced into the measurement is often more difficult. The laboratory computer is only one component of an automated data acquisition system. A system designed to collect physiological data comprises several primary components, including: (a) sensing element; (b) signal amplification/conditioning circuits; (c) analogue display; (d) computer interface; (e) laboratory computer; and (f) acquisition software. The acquisition and conditioning of analogue signals is accomplished using traditional laboratory procedures familiar to the researcher. Converting this analogue signal into a digital format used by the computer, however, represents new techniques. Fundamentals of computerised data acquisition are discussed. An understanding of how an automated data acquisition system is configured and the techniques used to transform the values will assist the user in identifying sources of error introduced into the measurement. Additionally, familiarization with the methods of computerisation will provide insight into future applications of computer technology in the human performance laboratory.     

基于通用串行总线的主机与小型医学仪器互连的研究

目的 探讨实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方法，以便最终实现小型医学仪器的网络化。方法 本文提出了利用通用串行总线（USB）实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方案，同时解决了此方案中最关键的技术，即如何利用USB总线实现医学仪器的实时数据采集和传输，具体工作包括硬件设计、固体设计、驱动程序设计和应用程序设计。结果 利用USB总线实现了医学信号的实时数据采集和传输，为下一步实现医学仪器与主机互连打下了基础。结论 利用通用串行总线实现主机与小型医学仪器的互连是可行的。     

A fast automatic RBS/w channeling system for damage depth profiling.

A computer-aided data acquisition coupling with goniometer-control system dedicated for damage depth profile measurements is established. The channeling direction searching is performed along tilt and azimuth directions. The system includes a computer code to convert the measured spectra into damage depth profile. The analyzing time for each sample requires approximately 20-30 min. The damage depth profiles of the self-implanted (100) silicon samples are in reasonable agreement with the calculated results yielded by the SRIM Monte-Carlo simulation code.     

Three dimensional display of the brain surface from magnetic resonance images using a personal computer

A new system for three dimensional display of brain surface from magnetic resonance images has been developed using a personal computer. The system consists of the personal computer with a co-processor for mathematical operation and frame memory for full color graphic display. MRI data were transferred to the computer with the floppy disks. Using the paint algorithm, extraction of brain tissue was performed semi-automatically with a manual operation. Brain surface data were displayed on a CRT by a voxel method from an arbitral direction. The result of clinical application of the system showed that the 3-dimensional display of brain surface was useful in comprehending abnormalities including atrophy and cystic lesions. In this paper, we introduce the new system and discuss clinical applicabilities.     

Digital tomosynthesis: technique for electronic reconstructive tomography

A technique is described for obtaining tomographic images through retrospective reconstruction of digital data. The apparatus used for this technique, called digital tomosynthesis consists of a linear tomographic x-ray machine that has been modified by the addition of a fluoroscope and TV system, a video disk recorder, an analog-to-digital converter, and a small computer for data processing and manipulation. Video frames are collected and stored during a single tomographic sweep. The stored data are then digitized and retrospectively processed in the computer for reconstruction of any desired tomographic plane within the body. The major advantages of DTS include short patient study time, low radiation dose compared with conventional tomography, the ability to enhance the digitized image through manipulation of window and level display, and the applicability of this technique to dynamic studies such as angiotomography. Phantom studies show good diagnostic quality of the resulting images, and preliminary vascular studies in dogs indicate the clinical potential of this technique for use in digital subtraction angiotomography.     

Computer analysis of processor status

The authors describe the use of a desk-top computer to analyze processor status. Quality control data (sensitometry, densitometry, thermometry, etc.) are collected conventionally. Analysis of the data is subsequently performed using specially designed software. This computer analysis results in a small savings in time and in greatly improved management and presentation of quality control data.     

运动心电图检测系统中数据采集卡的研制

目的：研制一种能够高精度同步采集多路运动心电信号的专用数据采集卡。方法：1）硬件上，以196KC单片机为核心构成数据采集系统，设计可以完成数据采集、基本数据预处理及相关控制的数据采集卡；2）软件上，单片机完成A/D转换、信号的实时预处理以及与主机通信3大任务，主机则接收数据并且实时处理数据。结果：在运动心电图的检测系统中所设计的数据采集卡配合主机CPU实现了双处理器工作，同时为了减轻主机负担，由数据采集卡完成数据预处理功能，合理利用了硬件资源。结论：该数据采集卡能够满足运动心电图临床检测的要求。     

动物游泳实验计算机检测方法的研究

目的 结合计算机科学、图像处理和中医药学等多学科知识,深入研究小鼠游泳实验的计算机检测方法进行.方法 利用计算机提取小鼠游泳的运动目标,对获得的信息资源进行综合分析处理.结果 建立了动物游泳实验计算机检测系统和反映小鼠游泳耐力的新的指标评价体系.结论 系统自动化程度高、检测样本多、检测指标丰富,所获实验结果科学准确、全面客观,为相关中药药理实验研究提供了一套新的动物游泳实验检测手段和方法.     

Hypercard coding system for the ACR Index for Radiological Diagnoses.

We describe a computer version of the Index for Radiological Diagnoses of the American College of Radiology (ACR). This system combines a graphics interface with a search mechanism while preserving the hierarchical structure of the Index. The graphics interface allows easy selection of an anatomic part, while the search mechanism provides the code numbers associated with an entered term. The computer system and the paperback version of the ACR Index were compared by having 52 volunteers (21 radiology faculty members, 21 radiology residents, and 10 medical students) each code 30 cases with the book and a matched set of 30 cases with the computer. The average time to code cases was shorter when the computer was used (52.2 vs 64.5 sec; p less than .0001). Accuracy was higher when the computer was used (96.4% vs 90.4%; p less than .0001). The average confidence in the computer diagnosis was also higher (9.73 vs 9.51, on a scale of 1-10; p = .0016). This system demonstrates the ability of a computer program to outperform an analogous noncomputerized system.     

Fully automatic computer-assisted pancreas imaging

Good pancreas imaging is difficult to achieve even if a computer is applied. The special computer program proposed here was developed to optimize the results and to minimize the operator interaction with the data processing system.     

Fully automatic computer-assisted pancreas imaging

Good pancreas imaging is difficult to achieve even if a computer is applied. The special computer program proposed here was developed to optimize the results and to minimize the operator interaction with the data processing system.     

Computer-aided tumour classification and treatment selection in breast cancer.

In order to provide a common basis for treatment decisions and the future evaluation of breast cancer therapy, the breast cancer protocol used in our clinic was formulated for the computer. A system for the simulation of clinical reasoning was used which allows the physician to express the medical logic as a series of inferences to be confirmed or rejected on the basis of Boolean combinations of medical criteria. The system enables the physician to rearrange these criteria into a questionnaire for complete and accurate recording of patient data. These data are then fed into the computer to produce a patient status report and treatment recommendations. The data from 26 patients in various stages of breast cancer have been processed by the computer and the computer's conclusions compared to the assessment made by a junior physician in our department. In three cases the staging was not identical, in 15 cases the treatment decisions were not identical and in all cases investigations were left out by the physician. The system has been of considerable value in standardising patient examination and treatment and in training inexperienced physicians.     

生物质谱仪高速数据采集系统设计

目的 研制一种采样频率为2 GHz的高速数据采集系统,以满足生物质谱仪对飞行时间的精确测量要求.方法 采用ALTERA STRATIXⅢ系列FPGA作为主控芯片, 配合采样频率可达2 GHz、分辨率为12 bit的高性能ADC芯片,同时外扩512 MB DDR3 SDRAM用于数据缓存,并通过千兆以太网与上位机进行数据交互;此外,在高速数据采集板卡布线和制板时,采用多种方式有效保证信号完整性.结果 对数据采集板卡输入250 MHz高频信号进行2 GHz数据采集,并对采样结果进行数据分析,得到高速数据采集系统的SNR为44.6639,ENOB为7.1,满足设计要求.结论 基于ADC技术的高速数据采集系统是生物质谱数据测量分析的一种快速可靠的路径和方法.     

Temporal subtraction of thin-section thoracic computed tomography based on a 3-dimensional nonlinear geometric warping technique

The authors developed a computer system that automatically produces temporal subtraction images on thin-section thoracic computed tomography based on a 3-dimensional nonlinear geometric warping technique. The automated subtraction system was applied to data from 20 subjects with lung diseases. Nineteen (95%) of 20 results showed good or excellent image quality. The remaining 1 (5%) showed adequate image quality. Our preliminary computer system demonstrates the potential for a clinically useful automated subtraction system.     

卧床实验室生理信号测试处理系统

本文介绍了一种人体生理信号测试与处理系统的设计。它主要用于模拟航天失重条件的卧床实验室。这是一个较大型的计算机应用系统,可同时对8名卧床受试者生理状态进行长时间监测,采集保存大量原始数据,进行及时快速处理。每名受试者被测信号有9导,其中心电或脑电6导,阻抗式呼吸波1导,体表温度2导。监护指标有3项:心率、体温和呼吸率。原始数据保存可采用模拟磁带记录和数据采集存盘两种形式。分析项目包括信号参数提取,功谱、相关、相干和传递函数分析,各种趋势图、直方图和谱阵图等。该系统也可应用于其它医学实验室,特别是推广应用到医院多床位病人监护。