赖氨匹林对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抑制作用及其机制研究

目的探讨ERK1/2信号通路在赖氨匹林(aspisol)对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞抑制中的作用。方法分别采用MTT比色法、标准细胞集落形成分析法和Annexin V/PI双染法分析不同浓度aspisol(1、5、10mmol·L-1)对HeLa细胞增殖、细胞集落形成及细胞凋亡的影响;Western blot方法检测细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)/磷酸化(P-ERK1/2)和COX-2的表达。结果 aspisol(1、5、10mmol·L-1)可呈浓度依赖性抑制HeLa细胞的生长、降低克隆形成数量、诱导HeLa细胞的早期凋亡率、下调P-ERK1/2及COX-2的表达水平(P<0.01),但不影响总ERK表达(P>0.05)。结论 aspisol对宫颈癌HeLa细胞有抑制增殖、诱导凋亡的作用,其作用机制可能与抑制ERK1/2的活化进而下调COX-2的表达有关。     

番茄红素对宫颈癌HeLa细胞bax、bcl-2基因表达的影响

目的 研究番茄红素对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的诱导凋亡作用并探讨其对凋亡相关基因bax和bcl-2表达的影响。方法不同浓度番茄红素分别处理HeLa细胞24～72h后，MTT法检测细胞的生长活性，RT-PCR方法检测凋亡相关基因bax，bcl-2的表达。结果实验结果随着番茄红素浓度的增加，bax基因mRNA表达增加而bcl-2的mRNA表达减少。结论番茄红素对HeLa细胞的生长具有抑制作用，可促进宫颈癌HeLa细胞发生凋亡，bcl-2基因的减少与bax基因表达增加可能是HeLa细胞凋亡的机制之一。     

金粉蕨素体外诱导人宫颈癌HeLa 细胞凋亡的机制

目的：探讨金粉蕨素（ONY）体外诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的作用及其分子机制。方法体外培养人宫颈癌HeLa、CaSki、SiHa、ME180细胞,采用MTT法检测ONY对人宫颈癌HeLa、CaSki、SiHa、ME180细胞生长抑制率的影响;Hoechst33258染色检测ONY对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的形态学变化;流式细胞术（FCM）检测ONY对HeLa细胞凋亡率的影响;DNA琼脂糖电泳检测HeLa细胞凋亡的DNA条带;Western blot分析凋亡相关蛋白表达变化。结果 ONY对人宫颈癌HeLa、CaSki、SiHa、ME180细胞生长有较强的抑制作用,呈剂量和时间依赖性,以HeLa细胞对ONY最为敏感,作用24 h的IC50值为10.48μg·mL-1。经ONY作用于HeLa细胞24 h后,细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学改变,表现出典型的凋亡特征的亚二倍体峰,且呈剂量依赖性,同时出现典型的凋亡DNA条带;同时,cytochrome c、caspase-9和caspase-3蛋白表达增加,bcl-2蛋白表达下调,而bax蛋白表达不变, Bcl-2/Bax比值下调（P〈0.05）。结论 ONY可能通过调控线粒体途径相关蛋白抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡。     

白英水提物诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的:观察白英水提物诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的作用,并初步探讨其分子机制。方法:常规方法制备白英水提物,体外培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞。实验组设白英水提物12.5、25.0、50.0mg/mL3种浓度,以顺铂(25.0mg/L)为阳性对照组。采用细胞毒试验(MTT法)检测HeLa细胞抑制率,荧光显微镜观察HeLa细胞形态变化,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA梯形泳带,半定量RT-PCR法检测凋亡相关基因survivin mRNA和caspase-3mRNA表达的变化。结果:白英水提物对HeLa细胞增殖有抑制作用,且呈明显的时效和量效关系,并诱导其发生凋亡,表现为细胞核固缩、染色质凝集、边聚等。琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示DNA梯形泳带,半定量RT-PCR法检测显示survivin mRNA表达下调、caspase-3mRNA表达上调。结论:白英水提物对HeLa细胞有较强的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用,其诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的分子机制可能与上调caspase-3基因表达、下调survivin基因表达有关。     

冬凌草甲素通过诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞自噬下调凋亡的机制

研究冬凌草甲素通过诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞自噬拮抗凋亡的机制。MTT法测定冬凌草甲素对HeLa细胞的细胞毒作用。通过相差显微镜观察细胞形态学变化，用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA片段化，用流式细胞仪检测细胞自噬和凋亡水平，用Western blotting检测分析药物对蛋白质表达的影响。冬凌草甲素明显抑制HeLa细胞的增殖，诱导HeLa细胞凋亡，同时诱导HeLa细胞发生自噬。Western blotting检测结果表明，冬凌草甲素作用24 h后，促凋亡蛋白Bax、细胞色素c和控制Bax活力的去乙酰化酶SIRT-1的表达明显改变。冬凌草甲素(64 μmol·L^-1)诱导的自噬通过影响SIRT-1和线粒体途径蛋白的表达下调凋亡。     

新的微管抑制剂YB-13诱导HeLa细胞凋亡及其机制

目的研究吲哚3-草酰胺衍生物YB-13在体外试验中诱导宫颈癌细胞株(HeLa细胞)发生凋亡及其作用机制。方法采用MTT法、细胞生长曲线、细胞集落、荧光显微镜、DNAladder和流式细胞仪等方法进行凋亡检测,用RT-PCR方法检测凋亡过程中相关基因表达的变化;间接免疫荧光观察YB-13对细胞骨架的影响,观察YB-13对微管蛋白聚合和解聚。结果吲哚3-草酰胺衍生物YB-13在体外试验中对HeLa细胞的杀伤力强,荧光显微镜观察到了凋亡小体;DNAladder法检测到凋亡时DNA降解形成的梯带,流式细胞仪检测到了细胞凋亡峰,同时观察到细胞周期的变化。在凋亡过程中,凋亡相关基因bcl-2家族中bcl-2表达下调而bax表达上调;实验观察到YB-13能影响HeLa细胞的细胞骨架,并且YB-13可影响微管蛋白聚合和解聚。结论YB-13在体外试验中能诱导HeLa细胞发生凋亡,其作用机制可能与bax基因表达上调、bcl-2基因表达下调以及对微管蛋白的抑制作用有关。     

美洲大蠊提取物对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402作用机制的研究

目的探讨美洲大蠊提取物对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402的作用机制。方法 MTT比色法观察美洲大蠊提取物对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖的影响,AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染色法研究美洲大蠊提取物对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402凋亡的影响,流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位,DNA Ladder实验检测细胞凋亡,蛋白印迹法检测Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-9、Caspase-3、Caspase-8蛋白的表达。结果美洲大蠊提取物可抑制人肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖,IC50为28.2μg.mL 1,并可诱导人肝癌细胞Bel-7402凋亡,降低线粒体膜电位。DNA Ladder实验可见明显的梯形电泳图谱,蛋白印迹法显示Bax、Caspase-9、Caspase-3蛋白表达增强,Bcl-2蛋白表达减弱,Caspase-8蛋白表达无明显变化。结论美洲大蠊提取物可通过线粒体途径诱导人肝癌细胞Bel-7402凋亡。     

新木脂素VB1 对宫颈癌HeLa 细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨新木脂素即6-羟基-4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)3-羟甲基-5-甲氧基-3,4-二氢(3R,4S)-2-醛基萘(VB1)诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的作用和机制。方法体外培养HeLa细胞,碘化丙啶(PI)染色后,用流式细胞术(FCM)分析细胞的凋亡率;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定细胞组蛋白/DNA碎片水平;Westernblot检测细胞内Mcl-1蛋白的表达。结果 VB1以浓度依赖性方式增加HeLa细胞的凋亡率和细胞内组蛋白/DNA碎片水平(P<0.05),同时降低HeLa细胞内Mcl-1蛋白的表达。结论 VB1可以浓度依赖的方式诱导宫颈癌HeLa细胞的凋亡,这种作用可能与其下调细胞内Mcl-1蛋白的表达有关。     

Akt/FoxM1在VB-1诱导的人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡中的作用

目的研究Akt/FoxM1在新木脂素(VB-1)诱导的人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡中的作用。方法采用不同浓度VB-1处理HeLa细胞后,通过MTT法测定细胞活力,琼脂培养集落形成法检测细胞集落形成能力,Histone/DNAELISA和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测细胞凋亡,Western Blot检测p-AKT和FoxM1的表达水平。结果 VB-1以浓度依赖的方式显著抑制HeLa细胞的活力和集落形成,提高细胞内Histone/DNA片段化水平,呈现出典型DNA梯形条带,同时下调p-AKT和FoxM1表达水平。结论 VB-1能以浓度依赖性方式有效诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与下调p-AKT和FoxM1有关。     

黄芪总苷的抑瘤作用及其作用机制

目的　探讨黄芪总苷的抗肿瘤作用及其作用机制。方法　采用小鼠肝癌 (HepA)和肉瘤 (S1 80 )两种小鼠移植瘤的动物模型 ,以瘤重抑制率作指标。体外采用人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞 ,用MTT法测肿瘤细胞的生长 ,流式细胞术及TUNEL法检测细胞周期及细胞凋亡。结果　黄芪总苷显著抑制小鼠肝癌 (HepA)和肉瘤 (S1 80 )的生长 ;体外可显著抑制HeLa细胞的生长 ,使细胞周期阻滞于G0 /G1 期 ,并诱导其凋亡。结论　黄芪总苷对小鼠肝癌 (HepA)与肉瘤(S1 80 )具有抑瘤作用。对HeLa细胞的生长有直接抑制作用。其抗肿瘤作用可能与细胞周期阻滞于G0 /G1 期和诱导细胞凋亡有关     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.