彩色多普勒超声心动图对20例缩窄性心包炎的分析

本文回顾经临床确诊的20例缩窄性心包炎的超声表现,结果为50%病例M型超声示前间壁和左室后壁运动异常;二维显示心房增大(75%),心外形改变(47%),心包增厚(100%),心包积液(80%),下腔静脉增宽且内径不随呼吸改变(100%),以及室间隔运动呈抖动状和脉冲多普勒二尖瓣E峰幅度吸气时降低大于25%.均为诊断缩窄性心包炎较好的指标.     

心包新月征在非钙化性缩窄性心包炎CT诊断中的价值

目的探讨心包新月征在非钙化性缩窄性心包炎CT诊断中的价值。方法选择非钙化性缩窄性心包炎患者60例作为心包炎组,心脏肿瘤患者60例作为心脏肿瘤组,所有患者均进行CT检查,比较两组患者的心包新月征比例,并观察非钙化性缩窄性心包炎的主要影像表现。结果心包炎组患者CT出现心包新月征37例,占61.67%;心脏肿瘤组患者出现心包新月征2例,占3.33%;心包炎组患者的心包新月征比例显著高于心脏肿瘤组(P <0.05)。缩窄性心包炎的CT征象主要表现为:下腔静脉扩张、胸腔积液、新月征,分别占91.67%、 78.33%、 61.67%。结论心包新月征在非钙化性缩窄性心包炎的诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值,能够作为疾病诊断和鉴别诊断的依据。     

二维超声结合组织多普勒评价糖尿病患者心肌功能结果分析

目的:观察分析二维超声结合组织多普勒评价糖尿病患者心肌功能结果.方法:选取在我院治疗的糖尿病患者30例(2014年8月~2016年8月期间)作为本次研究的观察组,同时将同期我院体检中心接诊的健康受检者30例作为对照组.两组患者均使用二维超声结合组织多普勒进行检查.将两组患者检测后的心肌功能(左室内经、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室心肌指数、左室质量、左室射血分数)的影响进行对比.结果:观察组糖尿病患者的左室内经、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室心肌指数、左室质量均高于对照组,且左室射血分数低于对照组,P<0.05.结论:二维超声结合组织多普勒技术可对糖尿病患者的心肌功能进行衡量,应用价值较高,值得推广.     

组织多普勒成像技术在评价高血压患者左心室舒张功能中的应用

目的探讨组织多普勒成像技术在高血压患者左心室舒张功能评价中的临床应用价值。方法选择2018年3—12月医院收治90例原发性高血压患者作为研究对象,其中41例存在左心室肥厚的高血压患者设为肥厚组,49例无左心室肥厚患者设为对照组,两组均进行超声心动图检查,并采用组织多普勒成像技术测量两组二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度和血流参数以判断其左心室舒张功能。结果肥厚组舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVSd)、舒张期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)以及A峰均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),E峰则显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。肥厚组心肌舒张早期速度(e’)、心肌等容收缩期峰值速度(s’)、舒张早期速度与瓣环最大运动速度比值(e’/a’)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),a’明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论组织多普勒成像技术能够清晰显示二尖瓣血流频谱表现,客观评价高血压患者左心室舒张功能,对该疾病的早发现、早治疗具有显著意义。     

围产期心肌病的治疗及超声左室功能评估

目的 利用彩色多普勒超声心动图左室心功能容积参数对中西医结合治疗国产期心肌病（PPCM）左室心功能进行评估.方法 采用超声心动图左室心功能容积参数对50例PPCM患者左室心功能进行回顾性分析,采用随机分组对照试验法将50例患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各25例;同时选择正常组20例,分别于治疗前及治疗后15天采用彩色多普勒超声测量左室心功能参数,并加以比较.结果 治疗前观察组、对照组左室心功能参数与正常组比较,差异有高度显著性,P＜0.01;治疗后观察组、对照组左心室舒张期内径（LVD）、左心房舒张期内径（LAD）、右心室舒张期内径（RVD）、右心房舒张期内径（RAD）、室间隔厚度（IVS）、左室后壁厚度（LVPWD）及EF与治疗前相比,差异有高度显著性,EF值比较有统计学意义,P＜0.01;观察组与正常组比较,各项参数差异没有统计学意义,P＞0.01.结论 借助超声心动图检查可以早期诊断PPCM;早期诊断和治疗PPCM对预后有重要意义.     

心尖肥厚型心肌病患者心电图和超声心动图特点

目的探讨心尖肥厚型心肌病(Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,AHCM)患者心电图和超声心动图特点,为AHCM的临床诊断提供依据。方法回顾性分析42例AHCM患者资料(观察组),并选择同期健康体检者30例(对照组),比较两组心电图以及超声心动图的特点。结果心电图检查显示,AHCM患者左胸前导联R波增加,AHCM患者其I、a VL以及V2~V6导联R波均出现明显增高,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组心尖部心肌厚度、左心房舒张期内径显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余各超声心动图参数检测值差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论心电图以及超声心动图对于AHCM的诊断均具有较高的诊断率,但是二者均存在一定的漏诊情况,可联合诊断。     

脉冲多普勒超声心动图诊断缩窄性心包炎的价值

本文分析报告了16例经手术证实的缩窄性心包炎患者的脉冲多普勒超声心动图表现,旨在进一步评价脉冲多普勒超声心动图在该病中的诊断价值。资料与方法选择1986～1989年我院经超声心动图确诊并经手术证实的缩窄性心包炎患者16例为本组研究对象,其中男9例,女7例,年龄18～57岁(平均32±10岁) 同时选择20例健康成人对照组,男10例,女10例,年龄20～55岁(33±9岁)。仪器为SSH40A电子相控阵扇扫超声仪,探     

X线和二维超声心动图综合诊断缩窄性心包炎

经手术证实的６８例缩窄性心包炎，男４６例、女２２例，年龄３６±１４．５岁。分析其Ｘ线胸片和二维超声心动图诊断本病的特点，优缺点和诊断依据，结果：在发现心包增厚方面二维超声心动图优于Ｘ线胸片；在发现心包钙化方面后者优于前者，联合应用两者诊断缩窄性心包炎能发挥其优点，互补其缺点，提高本病的诊断率。     

39例慢性缩窄性心包炎的外科手术治疗

目的 总结外科手术治疗慢性缩窄性心包炎的经验和疗效.方法 对39例慢性缩窄性心包炎患者采用胸骨正中切口施行心包剥脱术,其中3例为部分心包切除术.结果 所有患者术后均无低心排血量综合征及死亡发生,NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ级35例,Ⅱ级4例.其中33例获得随访,随访时间3个月至7年,均无复发.结论 心包剥脱术是目前治疗缩窄性心包炎的有效方浇法,正确掌握手术适应证、合理的心包剥脱范围及正确的围手术期处理是手术成功和提高远期疗效的关键.     

慢性缩窄性心包炎再次手术经验

目的　分析慢性缩窄性心包炎手术失败的原因 ,探讨再次手术的经验。方法　回顾性分析 11例慢性缩窄性心包炎二次手术病人的术前准备及心包切除术标准等。结果　本组慢性缩窄性心包炎 11例再次手术均获成功 ,随访 1年以上 ,疗效满意。结论　准确把握心包切除标准 ,加强围手术期管理 ,慢性缩窄性心包炎再次手术是可行的、安全有效的。     

超声对妊娠糖尿病胎儿左室形态及功能的动态观察

目的:对妊娠糖尿病胎儿左室形态及功能进行动态观察和系统研究,并与正常胎儿比较,为妊娠糖尿病的围产儿监护提供客观依据。方法:分别在妊娠20~28周、32~38周,应用胎儿超声心动图观察34例妊娠糖尿病孕妇和54例正常孕妇的胎儿心脏结构。测量了舒张末室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)及左室内径(LVD),并计算左室射血分数(EF)、左室缩短分数(FS)和左室重量(LVMASS)。系统探测了二尖瓣E峰速度、A峰速度、E峰减速时间(DT)、左室等容舒张时间(IVRT),并计算二尖瓣E/A比值。结果:无论在中孕期或晚孕期,研究组舒张末室间隔厚度、左室重量与对照组之间均有明显差异(P<0.05)。二尖瓣血流E/A比值两组之间差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。左室等容舒张时间、二尖瓣血流E峰减速时间等指标两组之间比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:妊娠糖尿病胎儿左室形态及舒张功能在中孕期及晚孕期均已发生改变;胎儿室间隔厚度、左室重量较其它指标反映胎儿左室形态及舒张功能的变化更敏感。     

家族史对高血压患者血压正常子女左心结构及舒张功能的影响

目的 利用超声心动图技术探讨家族史对高血压患者血压正常子女的左心结构及舒张功能的影响.方法 血压正常者100例,其中无高血压家族史者50例(对照组),有高血压家族史者50例(试验组).分别行M型、二维超声及多普勒组织成像(DTI)检测左心结构及舒张功能,比较两组间的差异.结果试验组舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)及舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)均高于对照组,二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度(e)及e与二尖瓣环舒张晚期运动速度(a)比值(e/a)较对照组减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组之间主动脉根部内径(AOD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVlDed)、左心房内径(LA)及二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值(E)、左心房收缩期血流速度峰值(A)、E/A比较差异无统计学意义.结论 高血压患者血压正常子女可以出现左心结构及舒张功能变化.且可在高血压出现之前发生,家族史对其发生有一定影响.     

Unexplained right-sided heart failure following open heart surgery: mind the pericardium

Three men, aged 67 years, 80 years and 53 years, respectively, developed signs and symptoms of progressive right-sided heart failure following open heart surgery. They were diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis based on echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac catheterisation. Following pericardiectomy, two of the patients fully recovered, while one, the 80-year-old man, died during convalescence. When signs and symptoms of progressive right-sided heart failure develop after open heart surgery, a diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis should be considered. Constrictive pericarditis after open heart surgery may be caused by inflammation of the pericardium; an old, fibrotic haemopericardium, which may be diffuse or loculated; pericardial adhesions; or a combination of these entities. Diagnosing constrictive pericarditis is difficult and may take a long time. However, it is important to recognise this disorder early before it has progressed to an advanced stage. Pericardiectomy is the only effective therapy. When performed too late, survival is significantly reduced.     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者血压变化特点的临床研究

目的探讨慢性肾功能衰竭(肾衰)合并高血压的非透析患者血压昼夜节律特点,以及与肾功能、钙、磷、白蛋白、血脂、心脏结构和功能的关系。方法慢性肾衰合并高血压的非透析患者(A组)30例,男16例,女14例,血肌酐(307.93±97.13)μmol/L;肾功能正常的原发性高血压患者(B组)30例,男、女各15例,分别检测24h动态血压、血生化,计算肌酐清除率,行心脏彩超检查,记录左心房内径、左心室舒张末期内径、室间隔舒张期厚度和左室后壁舒张期厚度,计算射血分数,6个月后重复上述检查。分析血压节律改变的影响因素,昼夜血压的改变对肾功能及心脏结构和功能的影响。按夜间与日间平均动脉压比值是否大于0.9,根据血压昼夜变化曲线分为杓型组(A1和B1)与非杓型组(A2和B2)。结果A2组和B2组患者夜间血压明显升高;A组非杓型比例高于B组,其夜间高血压对肾功能及心脏结构和功能均有影响。结论慢性肾衰合并高血压患者与肾功能正常的原发性高血压患者相比,非杓型比例增加,夜间血压水平对肾功能及心脏结构和功能均有影响。     

Chronic pericarditis in Hodgkin disease

INTRODUCTION: Among late complications of Hodgkin's disease's treatment the cardiovascular complications are important. The incidence of the late onset (later than 48 months) of chronic pericardial disease is from 11 to 50% among patients with Hodgkin's disease with irradiation in the past history. PURPOSE AND METHODS: Authors are presenting chronic constrictive pericarditis in a case among late consequences of therapy of Hodgkin's disease. It's difficult to observe and treat, because it's a rarity. RESULTS (CASE REPORT): A male patient, who is 35 year old in the present, developed III/A2 clinical stage, mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease in 1992. He got combined chemotherapy and irradiation repeated and he came to complete remission. In 1999 he had no symptoms, but the physical examination, routine chest radiography and echocardiography proved pericardial effusion. Apart from the most frequent reasons of pericarditis and pericardial effusion, radiation induced, hypothyroid and primary manifestation of Hodgkin's disease equally arised. After repeated fenestration of the pericardium partial pericardiectomy was necessary. Chronic constrictive pericarditis was proved by the histological evaluation of the pericardial tissue that was probably provoked by the mediastinal irradiation. Since the pericardiectomy he has being well, he had no relapsed and no signs of pericardial fluid was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The early recognition and treatment of late complications are possible by the help of the patient's follow-up. These complications of Hodgkin's disease with using of modern radiotherapy apparatus are usually avoided.     

胎儿心内膜垫缺损的产前超声诊断

目的:探讨胎儿期心内膜垫缺损的超声声像图特征及诊断的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析10例诊断为心内膜垫缺损的胎儿超声声像图特点,并与产前诊断中心的超声心动报告或引产后病理相比较。首先确定胎儿心脏的位置,二维图像显示四腔心、三血管、左右室流出道、心底短轴、主动脉弓、动脉导管弓切面,重点观察四腔心切面房间隔(原发隔)、室间隔的连续性,二尖瓣、三尖瓣的形态及瓣叶数目,可加用彩色多普勒血流显像观察房室瓣的血流情况。结果:①产前共诊断10例胎儿心内膜垫缺损,其中完全型8例,部分型2例。②单一心内膜垫缺损2例,合并其他心脏畸形4例,合并心外畸形6例。③10例病例中8例引产,1例失访,1例继续妊娠。结论:产前超声心动图能较准确的诊断胎儿心内膜垫缺损。四腔心切面是诊断该病的主要切面,彩色多普勒血流显像可进一步明确诊断。     

Serum Osteoprotegerin Is an Independent Marker of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy,Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction of the Left Ventricle and the Presence of Pericardial Fluid in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Background: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a molecule which belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. OPG concentration is elevated in patients with left ventricle hypertrophy, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. OPG concentrations rise in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OPG concentrations and cardiovascular complications, such as left ventricle hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle and dysfunction of right ventricle in chronic kidney disease patients not treated with dialysis. The relation between OPG and the amount of pericardial fluid was also examined. Methods: One hundred and one men with CKD stage 3–5 not treated with dialysis were included in the study. Overhydration, body fat mass and lean body mass were measured using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the amount of pericardial fluid and to measure the thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS), systolic and diastolic function of left ventricle, as well as systolic function of right ventricle. Results: We observed a significant positive association between OPG and the thickness of the interventricular septum, the size of the left atrium (LA) and the presence of pericardial fluid. A negative relationship was observed between OPG and ejection fraction (EF). Conclusions: Our results suggest that OPG can be an independent marker of left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle and the presence of pericardial fluid in chronic kidney disease patients.     

三线减张鼻中隔矫正术的疗效研究

目的探讨鼻内窥镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正手术治疗鼻中隔偏曲的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取我院2011年1月至2013年6月收治的144例鼻中隔偏曲患者,将其随机分成对照组和观察组。对照组72例,患者采用局部麻醉后,行鼻中隔黏膜下切除术;观察组72例,采用局部麻醉后,在鼻内窥镜下行三线减张鼻中隔矫正术。术后随访6¹2个月,对比分析两组患者的临床治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者临床治疗总有效率98.61%,对照组为95.83%,组间差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率为2.78%,显著低于对照组的13.89%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻内窥镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正手术治疗鼻中隔偏曲临床疗效显著,可有效减少并发症的发生。     

血浆氨基末端B型钠尿肽前体及组织多普勒成像评价左室舒张功能不全价值的研究

目的 探讨血浆氨基末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)及组织多普勒成像评价左室舒张功能不全的价值.方法 选择舒张性心力衰竭患者43例,根据舒张早期二尖瓣口血流速度(E)与舒张早期二尖瓣环运动速度(Em)的比值将患者分为三组:E/Em＜8为Ⅰ组,E/Em 8～15为Ⅱ组,E/Em＞15为Ⅲ组.测定三组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平,并进行比较.结果 Ⅲ组NT-proBNP水平[(1119±3123)ng/L]显著高于Ⅱ组[(684±1742)ng/L]和Ⅰ组[(276±438)ng/L](P＜0.01),Ⅱ组NT-proBNP水平显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01).相关性分析表明E/Em与NT-proBNP具有相关性(r=0.438,P＜0.01).结论 血浆NT-proBNP水平及组织多普勒成像可用于评价左室舒张功能不全.     

Primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma]

The case-history of a 41-year-old man is reported. He was admitted because of the sudden development of left hemiparesis, loss of consciousness and increasingly deeper coma. The ECG demonstrated second-degree AV block with Wenkebach conduction or episodes with complete AV block. The colour Doppler ultrasound and cranial CT examination revealed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery and a cerebral infarct of the right hemisphere. Within 24 hours patient died from herniation of the brainstem. Postmortem examination revealed a pericardial neoplasm infiltrating both left and right atrium, AV junctional area, interventricular septum and right ventricle. The tumor tissue grew transmurally and protruded into the cavities of the heart. The right internal carotid artery was occluded by a tumor embolism. The histochemical and immunohistochemical results proved that the tumor was a primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma. This kind of cardiac tumor involving the AV node and mimicking stroke is very rare.