Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland: is an association with Epstein-Barr virus possible in non-endemic areas?

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is a rare histological type of cancer of the salivary glands. Here is reported a case of LEC of the parotid gland that developed in a Caucasian female, whose serology was positive for Epstein-Barr virus antibody. The patient underwent surgical treatment and postoperative radiotherapy. Because of the relatively limited clinical data concerning LEC of the salivary glands compared to other more common histological types, the clinical course, optimal treatment and prognosis have not been extensively studied. The aim of this report was to summarize all the key points, following a comprehensive literature review.     

Distribution of cervical metastasis in tongue cancer: Are occult metastases predictable? A retrospective study of 117 oral tongue carcinomas

Purpose

The aims of this study were to evaluate the pattern of distribution of cervical metastasis in tongue cancer and to analyze the various therapeutic options available. Moreover, numerous histological features were analyzed to assess the impact of each factor on overall survival.

Pleomorphic adenoma compared with cystadenolymphoma of the parotid gland: which is more common?

The aim of this single-institution, observational study was to detect and explain any potential changes in the incidence of pleomorphic adenoma and cystadenolymphoma over a period of 19 years. The records of all patients who were treated for benign parotid tumours between 2000 and 2018 were evaluated and the data analysed to detect any potential changes in the incidence over time. A total of 2988 patients were studied, 1150 of whom had cystadenolymphomas (39%), and 1047 pleomorphic adenomas (35%). The dominance of cystadenolymphomas was first noted during the period 2004–2007 and remained stable throughout the following years (p = 0.05). The predominant incidence of cystadenolymphomas has increased over time and is not expected to change in the next decades.     

Working with mercury: cause of infertility in women?

According to animal experiments, case reports and epidemiological studies, exposition to a high concentration of metallic mercury vapour may cause an increase in reproductive problems. A report on this matter is summarized here as far as it regards women. It seems warranted to conclude that negative reproductive effects are unlikely unless, due to a failing hygiene, the concentration of mercury vapour exceeds the MAC (maximum approved concentration) for women. However, the relationship between concentrations smaller than females' MAC value and problems with cycle and conception need more research.     

Surgical excision of non-melanoma skin cancer: no end in site?

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common type of cancer in the UK and Ireland, accounting for approximately 20% of all new malignancies recorded, with evidence of increasing incidence. Surgical excision is regarded as the gold standard treatment for such lesions; however, incomplete excision incurs both physical and financial strain on patients and the healthcare service. Our aim is to identify which anatomical regions of the head and neck pose greater risk of incomplete excision and raise awareness for future surgical practice. Manual data collection was carried out on all patients admitted to the OMFS department for surgical excision of NMSCs between January 2016 and December 2017. Information collected included clinical notes and MDT outcomes. NMSCs excised via Mohs surgery. All tumours incompletely excised and requiring further treatment were noted with particular emphasis on the site of the lesion within the head and neck region, and the location of the positive margin on the specimen itself. A total of 506 NMSCs were excised (307 BCC, 199 SCC). Of these, 7.8% (n=24) and 6.0% (n=12), respectively, required further treatment due to incomplete excision. The incompletely exised lesions were predominately located on the nose (13.3%), temple (15.0%), and ear (12.8%). Our results demonstrate that our department is successfully excising NMSCs with minimal cases requiring further management. This study has identified anatomical profiles posing a higher risk of incomplete removal. Alongside the conventionally challenging sites of the nose and ear, we have highlighted additional risk within the temporal region. We therefore propose that Mohs surgery or a two-stage procedure should be considered as management for the temple at future MDTs.     

The effect of parotid salivary flow rate on the levels of salivary antimicrobial proteins in patients with Sj?gren's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of salivary flow rate on the levels of antimicrobial salivary proteins in 24 patients with Sj?gren's syndrome and 22 age- and race-matched healthy control subjects. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Parameters examined included stimulated salivary flow rate, total salivary protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme, amylase, and secretory immunoglobulin A. RESULTS: The mean total salivary protein and the mean salivary amylase were significantly greater in patients than in controls. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean stimulated salivary flow rates or the levels of lactoferrin, lysozyme, or secretory immunoglobulin A of patients and controls. To examine the effect of salivary flow rate on the levels of salivary antimicrobial protein, the levels of these proteins in patients with salivary flow rate of < or = 0.3 mL/min per gland were compared to those in healthy controls with salivary flow rate > or = 0.4 mL/min per gland. Analyses showed the levels of lactoferrin to be significantly higher among patients than among controls. CONCLUSION: The levels of salivary amylase and lactoferrin may be influenced by the levels of salivary output in patients with Sj?gren's syndrome. The relationship between salivary flow rate and the levels of amylase and lactoferrin is not clear at the present time.     

Occult papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland with mucoepidermoid features in a lymphnode metastasis––a report of a case

Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of thyroid gland is an extremely rare tumour with only 21 cases reported to date. Only single case report has described primary papillary carcinoma of thyroid and mucoepidermoid component in a lymphnode metastasis. We report a case in which thyroid showed occult papillary carcinoma arising in background of fibrous type Hashimoto's thyroiditis, focus of solid cell nests and at the same time mucoepidermoid component in lymphnode metastasis.     

Does the presence of an occlusal indicator product affect the contact forces between full dentitions?

Studies have explored occlusal marking interpretation, repeatability and accuracy. But, when an occlusion detection product is interposed between teeth, direct tooth–tooth occlusal contact relationships are replaced by tooth‐material‐tooth structures. Thus, the marks cannot reflect the original contacts. This has been shown for single tooth pair contacts. The purpose of this laboratory study was to similarly examine full dentitions. A dentiform was set into Class I centric occlusion with the mandible supported by a load cell. The maxillary arch was guided by precision slides. As the weighted (~52 N) upper assembly was lowered onto and raised off the mandibular arch, the loads on the mandible were measured. With and without (control) occlusal marking material, the steps were as follows: (cleaning – control 1 – material 1) … (cleaning – control 6 – material 6). The six materials were as follows: Accufilm I and II, Rudischhauser Thick and Thin, Hanel Articulating Silk and T‐Scan. Then, the six sets of (cleaning – control – material) measurements were repeated with the mandibular assembly shifted, in turn, by 0·1 mm in the Anterior, Posterior, Right and Left directions. The five (Centric and four 0·1 mm shifted) occlusal relationships produced grossly different tooth–tooth (control) load profiles. And, in general, these controls were affected, in different ways, by the marking products. Among the five conventional products, the Rudischhausers fared the worst and the electronic T‐Scan was an extreme outlier. Thus, in general, popular occlusal detection products alter the occlusal contact forces, and therefore, their markings cannot characterise the actual occlusion.     

Is fluoride concentration in dentin and enamel a good indicator of dental fluorosis?

Despite some studies correlating dental fluorosis (DF) and fluoride (F) concentration in dental enamel, no information is available about DF and dentin F concentration. Our objective was to determine the correlation between teeth F concentration and DF severity in unerupted human 3rd molars, and the correlation between dentin and enamel F concentrations in the same tooth. Ninety-nine 3rd molars were studied-53 from Fortaleza, Brazil (F water, 0.7 ppm), 22 from Toronto (1.0 ppm), and 24 from Montreal (0.2 ppm). DF severity was evaluated according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index, while F concentration was analyzed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. DF severity varied between TF0 and TF4, while F concentration ranged between 39 and 550 ppm in enamel and 101 and 860 ppm in dentin. Our results showed correlation between dentin F concentration and DF (r(S) = 0.316, p = 0.001), but no correlation between enamel F concentration and DF (r(S) = 0.154, p = 0.133). No correlation was observed between dentin and enamel F concentrations in the same tooth (r(S) = 0.064, p = 0.536).     

Is there an asymmetry of the condylar and coronoid processes of the mandible in individuals with unilateral crossbite?

Objectives:To evaluate if there is a true skeletal asymmetry of the condylar and coronoid processes of the mandible in growing individuals with unilateral posterior crossbite (UPC) either functional or not.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study screened a total of 1120 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The final sample comprised 20 CBCT images of individuals with UPC and 19 CBCT images of individuals without transverse malocclusion. The lengths of the condylar and coronoid processes were measured to evaluate asymmetry, as well as the magnitude of the mandibular lateral deviation in the UPC group.Results:There was a significant difference between the lengths of the affected and nonaffected sides of the coronoid processes in the UPC group (P < .01). The same was not observed in the condyle in the UPC group (P > .05). There were no significant differences between the groups (P > .05).Conclusions:Although no differences in the condyle were observed, the coronoid process was asymmetric in individuals with UPC. However, this asymmetry was not considered to be clinically significant.     

Leukoplakia of the maxillary vestibule—an association with Viadent?

Objective. This report investigates a possible correlation between chronic use of Viadent products and the subsequent development of leukoplakia in the maxillary vestibule. Study Design. A retrospective review of 88 patients with leukoplakia of the maxillary vestibule is presented. Prevalence of Viadent use was determined in this group and in a group of 100 randomly selected adults who presented themselves for routine preadmission screening at a dental school. Results. Of the patients diagnosed with leukoplakia of the maxillary vestibule, 84.1% reported having used Viadent, whereas the prevalence of use was only 3% in the 100 randomly selected adults. Conclusions. Use of Viadent products appears to be associated with an increased prevalence of leukoplakia in the maxillary vestibule.(Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;87:61-6)     

Multiple sialolithiasis in the parotid gland with Sjögren's syndrome and its sonographic findings--report of 3 cases

We present 3 cases of Sj?gren's syndrome in which multiple sialolithiasis were observed in the parenchyma of the parotid gland. The sonographic examinations showed microliths that were observed as hyperechoic spots. Some of the microliths were accompanied with comet sign, however most of them showed no particular posterior echoes. None of them showed acoustic shadows, which are normally observed in cases with sialolithiasis. We were able to prove that some of the hyperechoic spots observed sonographically in patients with severe Sj?gren's syndrome were microliths. Although these multiple microliths are rarely detected, they may exist potentially in higher frequency in patients with severe Sj?gren's syndrome.