独立分量分析及其在生物医学工程中的应用

:独立分量分析 ( Independent Component Analysis,简记 ICA)是信号分解技术的新发展。ICA与 PCA(主分量分析 )或 SVD(奇异值分解 )的主要不同是 :后者分解得的各分量只是互不相关 ,而前者则要求各分量相互统计独立。体表测量得的信号往往包含若干相对独立的成分 ,因此采用ICA技术来分解 ,所得结果往往更有生理意义 ,有利于去除干扰和伪迹。本文简短地回顾 ICA的基本原理、判据、算法和其在生物医学工程中的应用 ,并作出展望及指出存在问题。     

基于独立分量分析的诱发电位信号噪声分离方法

诱发电位(EP)信号的检测与分析技术是临床医学诊断神经系统损伤及病变的重要手段之一。但是，从人体体表所得到的EP信号含有大量的噪声，最典型的噪声是人体自发产生的脑电图信号(EEG)。因此，为利用EP信号诊断神经系统的损伤和病变，需要从混合信号中去除EEG等噪声。独立分量分析(ICA)是一种新近发展起来的统计信号处理方法。本文把ICA方法应用于EP信号的噪声消除，并与传统的自适应滤波方法进行了比较。计算机模拟表明，采用ICA方法进行信号噪声分离的结果明显优于自适应滤波方法。     

基于时-频-空间域的运动想象脑电信号特征提取方法研究

脑机接口(BCI)是在人或动物脑与外部设备间建立的直接连接通路,信号分析功能模块是其核心部分,其中特征提取算法的效果如何是脑电图(EEG)信号分析算法的关键。EEG信号本身信噪比低,传统的EEG特征提取方法存在着缺少空间信息,需要的特征量个数较多,分类正确率低等不足。针对以上问题,本文提出了一种基于小波和独立分量分析(ICA)的时间-频率-空间EEG特征的提取方法,分别用离散小波变换(DWT)和ICA提取时频域特征和空域特征。并用支持向量机(SVM)和遗传算法(GA)相结合的方法对提取的特征进行分类。实验对比结果表明,所提出的方法有效地克服了传统的时频特征提取方法空间信息描述不足等问题,对于2003年BCI竞赛数据datasetⅢ分析,最高分类正确率为90.71%。     

基于参考信号的ICA方法进行诱发电位单导提取

诱发电位(EP)信号的检测与分析技术是临床医学诊断神经系统损伤及病变的重要手段之一,但是EP信号总是淹没在人体自发产生的脑电图信号(EEG)中.因此,为利用EP信号诊断神经系统的损伤和病变,本文使用带参考信号的独立分量分析(ICA)方法从混合信号中快速将EP信号提取出来.计算机模拟表明,采用带参考信号的ICA方法可以从单导混合信号中有效地将EP信号提取出来.     

基于独立分量分析算法研究儿童癫痫脑电的混沌动力学特征

首先采用独立分量分析(Independent component analysis,ICA)算法,将儿童癫痫信号从复杂的背景脑电(Electroencephalogram,EEG)中分离出来;然后采用了一维时间序列相空间重构技术和混沌的定量判据,对分离出来的独立分量信号进行了分析与计算.通过对生理和癫痫状态下独立分量信号的相图、功率谱、关联维数和Lyapunov指数的对比研究,得出如下结论:(1)EEG独立分量的相图、功率谱、关联维数和Lyapunov指数反映了大脑的总体动态特征,它们可作为一种定量指标衡量大脑的健康状态;(2)在正常的生理状态下EEG是混沌的,而在癫痫状态下则趋于有序。     

诱发电位波形提取方法及进展

诱发电位(EP)信号在检测神经系统的状态和变化上有重要意义，但EP信号往往淹没在脑电图信号(EEG)中。本文综述了几种EP信号的提取方法，包括平均法，滤波法，峰值分量潜伏期相关平均方法(PC—LCA)，高阶累积量方法，独立分量分析(ICA)方法等。并对几种方法进行了综合比较。针对近年来对EP信号及其噪声的研究，本文对一种新型的EP信号提取方法进行了展望。     

高频成分在思维作业脑电信号分类中的应用

采用独立分量分析(ICA)去除脑电伪迹,AR模型提取信号特征、BP神经网络用于模式识别,对2~5种思维作业脑电信号进行了分类研究。研究结果的重要发现是:对于经过ICA去伪迹后的EEG信号,当分类特征取自20~100 H z的高频范围时,分类准确率很高,与特征取自整个信号频段的分类结果大致相等,且大大超过利用2~35 H z的低频EEG节律进行的分类。对于这一现象的解释是,不同思维作业过程中,大脑在工频电场作用下产生了不同的节律同化反应,致使EEG信号的高频部分带有更显著的思维调制信息,从而有利于提高分类准确率。这一现象的发现,为脑电节律同化反应提供了新的证据,也为思维脑电的高准确率分类和高精度脑-机接口的实现提供了新的方法。     

基于Flexible ICA的睡眠EEG及EOG中心电伪差的消除

提出了一种采用自适应非线性函数的ICA学习算法,Flexible ICA算法,并将其应用于睡眠EEG自动分期的前期预处理中,用于消除采集到的各通道信号中的心电伪差.实验结果证明,Flexible ICA算法能够快速有效的消除各通道的心电伪差,为后期的睡眠EEG自动分期打下了良好的基础.     

隐马尔可夫模型在睡眠分期中的应用

清醒期(W)、快速眼动期(REM)和睡眠二期(S2)在睡眠总时间中占据很大比例，而且三从脑电(EEG)上较难区分。用隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)从单导睡眠脑电中区分W期、REM期和S2期。对受心电干扰明显的脑电信号进行独立分量分析(ICA)，去除干扰；建立最佳阶数AR模型，进行谱分析，提取EEG平均频率，和EEG幅度均值、标准差一起作为观察值；分别建立W期、REM期和S2期的连续密度隐马尔可夫模型(CD-HMM)。经过测试，W期、REM期和S2期的正确识别率分别为92％，100％和94％。表明隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)在睡眠分期中有很好的应用前景。     

隐马尔可夫模型在睡眠分期中的应用

清醒期(W)、快速眼动期(REM)和睡眠二期(S2)在睡眠总时间中占据很大比例，而且三从脑电(EEG)上较难区分。用隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)从单导睡眠脑电中区分W期、REM期和S2期。对受心电干扰明显的脑电信号进行独立分量分析(ICA)，去除干扰；建立最佳阶数AR模型，进行谱分析，提取EEG平均频率，和EEG幅度均值、标准差一起作为观察值；分别建立W期、REM期和S2期的连续密度隐马尔可夫模型(CD-HMM)。经过测试，W期、REM期和S2期的正确识别率分别为92%，100％-94％。表明隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)在睡眠分期中有很好的应用前景。     

Performance comparison of independent component analysis algorithms for fetal cardiac signal reconstruction: a study on synthetic fMCG data

Independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms have been successfully used for signal extraction tasks in the field of biomedical signal processing. We studied the performances of six algorithms (FastICA, CubICA, JADE, Infomax, TDSEP and MRMI-SIG) for fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG). Synthetic datasets were used to check the quality of the separated components against the original traces. Real fMCG recordings were simulated with linear combinations of typical fMCG source signals: maternal and fetal cardiac activity, ambient noise, maternal respiration, sensor spikes and thermal noise. Clusters of different dimensions (19, 36 and 55 sensors) were prepared to represent different MCG systems. Two types of signal-to-interference ratios (SIR) were measured. The first involves averaging over all estimated components and the second is based solely on the fetal trace. The computation time to reach a minimum of 20 dB SIR was measured for all six algorithms. No significant dependency on gestational age or cluster dimension was observed. Infomax performed poorly when a sub-Gaussian source was included; TDSEP and MRMI-SIG were sensitive to additive noise, whereas FastICA, CubICA and JADE showed the best performances. Of all six methods considered, FastICA had the best overall performance in terms of both separation quality and computation times.     

Muscle Artifact Removal from Human Sleep EEG by Using Independent Component Analysis

Muscle artifacts are typically associated with sleep arousals and awakenings in normal and pathological sleep, contaminating EEG recordings and distorting quantitative EEG results. Most EEG correction techniques focus on ocular artifacts but little research has been done on removing muscle activity from sleep EEG recordings. The present study was aimed at assessing the performance of four independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms (AMUSE, SOBI, Infomax, and JADE) to separate myogenic activity from EEG during sleep, in order to determine the optimal method. AMUSE, Infomax, and SOBI performed significantly better than JADE at eliminating muscle artifacts over temporal regions, but AMUSE was independent of the signal-to-noise ratio over non-temporal regions and markedly faster than the remaining algorithms. AMUSE was further successful at separating muscle artifacts from spontaneous EEG arousals when applied on a real case during different sleep stages. The low computational cost of AMUSE, and its excellent performance with EEG arousals from different sleep stages supports this ICA algorithm as a valid choice to minimize the influence of muscle artifacts on human sleep EEG recordings.     

Performance comparison of six independent components analysis algorithms for fetal signal extraction from real fMCG data

In this study we compare the performance of six independent components analysis (ICA) algorithms on 16 real fetal magnetocardiographic (fMCG) datasets for the application of extracting the fetal cardiac signal. We also compare the extraction results for real data with the results previously obtained for synthetic data. The six ICA algorithms are FastICA, CubICA, JADE, Infomax, MRMI-SIG and TDSEP. The results obtained using real fMCG data indicate that the FastICA method consistently outperforms the others in regard to separation quality and that the performance of an ICA method that uses temporal information suffers in the presence of noise. These two results confirm the previous results obtained using synthetic fMCG data. There were also two notable differences between the studies based on real and synthetic data. The differences are that all six ICA algorithms are independent of gestational age and sensor dimensionality for synthetic data, but depend on gestational age and sensor dimensionality for real data. It is possible to explain these differences by assuming that the number of point sources needed to completely explain the data is larger than the dimensionality used in the ICA extraction.     

脑机接口中一种多类运动想象任务识别新方法

目的针对脑机接口中三类运动想象任务,提出一种最小二乘法自适应滤波结合独立成分分析以及样本熵(RLS-ICA-Samp En)、多类共同空间模式(CSP)、增量式支持向量机(ISVM)相结合的脑电识别新方法,以解决脑机接口中多类运动想象正确率低的问题。方法首先采用ICA将EEG分离,然后利用样本熵自动识别分离后的噪声,再采用RLS对识别出来的噪声进行滤波,最后进行信号重构,得到去除噪声的脑电信号。多类CSP采用"一对一"CSP与多频段滤波相结合,对去噪后的脑电信号进行特征提取。通过"一对多"方式的ISVM对三类运动想象脑电信号获取的特征向量进行分类。为检验新方法的有效性,将本文方法与多类CSP+ISVM(方法 1)及RLS-ICA+多类CSP+ISVM(方法 2)进行比较。结果对三类想象任务而言,本文方法识别正确率与方法 1和2相比均高8%左右。结论与方法1和2比较,RLS-ICA-Samp En、多类CSP、ISVM相结合的脑电识别新方法能更好地适用于多类运动想象任务识别。     

基于独立分量分析的生理信号盲源分离

用于盲源分离的独立分量分析 (ICA)和扩展ICA算法 ,基于极大似然估计 ,给出一个衡量输出分量统计独立的目标函数 ,最优化该目标函数 ,得到一种用于独立分量分析的迭代算法。扩展ICA算法的优点在于迭代过程中不需要计算信号的高阶统计量 ,收敛速度快 ,同时适用于超高斯和亚高斯信号的分离。应用该算法实现了脑电、心电信号以及语音信号的分离 ,并给出了实验结果     

一种基于脑电信号的疲劳驾驶状态判断方法

通过研究疲劳驾驶时脑电信号的特征,提出了一种基于独立分量分析（independent component analysis,ICA）的脑波疲劳状态判断方法.利用模拟驾驶系统,采用NT-9200动态脑电仪采集驾驶员在清醒和疲劳状态下（连续驾驶4h以上）的脑电信号,对采集的多导信号进行独立分量分析,去除EEG信号中的眼电、肌电及工频等干扰,经过快速傅里叶变换（fast fourier transform,FFT）后计算出脑波中多种功率谱密度,求得疲劳指数F.实验结果表明,在疲劳状态下的疲劳指数F明显高于清醒状态下的F.本文提出的脑波疲劳状态判断方法可有效用以判断驾驶员的疲劳程度.     

Noise reduction in magnetocardiography by singular value decomposition and independent component analysis

In the routine recording of magnetocardiograms (MCGs), it is necessary to underline the problem of noise cancellation. Source separation has often been suggested to solve this problem. In this paper, blind source separation (BSS), by means of singular value decomposition (SVD) and independent component analysis (ICA), was used for noise reduction in MCG data to improve the signal to noise ratio. Special techniques, based on statistical parameters, for identifying noise and disturbances, have been introduced to automatically eliminate noise-related and disturbance-related components before reconstructing cleaned data sets. The results show that ICA and SVD can detect and remove a variety of noise and artefact sources from MCG data, as well as from stress MCG.     

Variability of ICA decomposition may impact EEG signals when used to remove eyeblink artifacts

Despite the growing use of independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms for isolating and removing eyeblink‐related activity from EEG data, we have limited understanding of how variability associated with ICA uncertainty may be influencing the reconstructed EEG signal after removing the eyeblink artifact components. To characterize the magnitude of this ICA uncertainty and to understand the extent to which it may influence findings within ERP and EEG investigations, ICA decompositions of EEG data from 32 college‐aged young adults were repeated 30 times for three popular ICA algorithms. Following each decomposition, eyeblink components were identified and removed. The remaining components were back‐projected, and the resulting clean EEG data were further used to analyze ERPs. Findings revealed that ICA uncertainty results in variation in P3 amplitude as well as variation across all EEG sampling points, but differs across ICA algorithms as a function of the spatial location of the EEG channel. This investigation highlights the potential of ICA uncertainty to introduce additional sources of variance when the data are back‐projected without artifact components. Careful selection of ICA algorithms and parameters can reduce the extent to which ICA uncertainty may introduce an additional source of variance within ERP/EEG studies.