光果葶苈中硫代葡萄糖苷的提取工艺研究

目的：通过试验来优化光果葶苈中硫代葡萄糖苷的提取工艺。方法：在单因素试验基础上设计正交试验,对光果葶苈中硫代葡萄糖苷提取条件进行优化。结果：试验得出光果葶苈硫代葡萄糖苷提取最佳工艺条件为：提取温度80℃、提取时间20min、提取次数为1次,料液比1：7。结论：该工艺合理可行,可用于光果葶苈中硫代葡萄糖苷的大量提取。     

光果葶苈中莱菔硫烷的提取及含量测定

目的研究十字花科葶苈属植物光果葶苈（Drabanemorosa L．var．1eiocarp aLindl．）中莱菔硫烷的最佳提取工艺,为进一步研究开发此植物奠定基础。方法利用正交实验设计确定最佳提取工艺,考察因素包括缓冲溶液pH值,超声提取时间和提取温度。使用HPLC检测提取物中莱菔硫烷含量：采用EclipseXDB-IIC18柱,以乙腈和水进行梯度洗脱;梯度洗脱条件：A泵为乙腈,B泵为水;30min内乙腈的浓度从20％升至50％;检测波长为254nm;室温。结果所考察的因素中,对光果葶苈中莱菔硫烷提取率影响程度为：缓冲溶液pH值〉超声提取时间〉提取温度,tris-HCl缓冲溶液的pH对提取率的影响最大;HPLC测定的线性范围为0．45～5．4μg（r=0．9968）。结论光果葶苈中莱菔硫烷最佳提取工艺为：超声提取30min,tris-HCl缓冲溶液pH值为5．5,提取温度30℃;HPLC测定光果葶苈中莱菔硫烷含量的方法快速、准确。     

光果葶苈中莱菔硫烷的提取及含量测定

目的 研究十字花科葶苈属植物光果葶苈(Draba nemorosa L. var. leiocarpa Lindl.)中莱菔硫烷的最佳提取工艺,为进一步研究开发此植物奠定基础。方法 利用正交实验设计确定最佳提取工艺,考察因素包括缓冲溶液pH值,超声提取时间和提取温度。使用HPLC检测提取物中莱菔硫烷含量：采用Eclipse XDB-ⅡC₁₈柱,以乙腈和水进行梯度洗脱;梯度洗脱条件：A泵为乙腈,B泵为水;30 min内乙腈的浓度从20%升至50%;检测波长为254 nm;室温。结果 所考察的因素中,对光果葶苈中莱菔硫烷提取率影响程度为：缓冲溶液pH值＞超声提取时间＞提取温度,tris-HCl缓冲溶液的pH对提取率的影响最大;HPLC测定的线性范围为0.45~5.4 µg(r=0.996 8)。结论 光果葶苈中莱菔硫烷最佳提取工艺为：超声提取30 min,tris-HCl缓冲溶液pH值为5.5,提取温度30 ℃;HPLC测定光果葶苈中莱菔硫烷含量的方法快速、准确。     

光果葶苈的解剖学研究

目的:开展光果葶苈的解剖学研究,为进一步显微鉴别提供依据,也为细胞学研究提供基础材料。方法:运用徒手切片法,撕剥法及水合氯醛透化法对光果葶苈的营养器官和生殖器官进行了显微观察。结果:光果葶苈的根部有次生构造,木质部射线较韧皮部射线宽广;茎中维管束有10余个,大小各异,髓部宽广;叶片表皮气孔多为不等式,叶脉维管束的下方有分泌道;花瓣上有油室,可见小油滴。花粉粒圆球形,表面有粗细不等的刺状突起。结论:对黑龙江省光果葶苈各部分的构造特点有一个清晰的认识,为显微鉴定和细胞学研究提供科学依据。     

光果葶苈化学成分分析

目的:对佳木斯地区的光果葶苈(Draba nemorosa L.var. leiocarpa Lindl.)所含化学成分进行分析.方法:采用薄层层析法对化学成分进行定性分析.结果:光果葶苈中含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质;皂苷;糖和苷;生物碱;甾体;香豆素、内酯;黄酮及其甙类;挥发油、油脂.     

新疆芜菁中硫代葡萄糖苷提取工艺条件的优化

目的研究从新疆芜菁中提取硫代葡萄糖苷的最佳工艺条件并对其含量进行测定。方法在单因素实验基础上,采用L9(34)正交实验设计安排实验,采用硫酸根离子沉淀法测定芜菁中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量。结果选用提取时间、料液比及提取次数作为研究因素,以提取液中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量为考察指标,各因素对芜菁硫代葡萄糖苷提取率的影响程度大小顺序为:提取时间>料液比>提取次数>D,D为误差项,提取时间、提取次数对硫代葡萄糖苷的提取的影响具有显著影响,而料液比的影响不显著。结论经L9(34)正交实验和方差分析,得到从芜菁中提取硫代葡萄糖苷最佳工艺条件为:提取次数为1次,提取时间为120min,料液比为1∶10。     

番木瓜中异硫氰酸苄酯及其前体物质苄基硫代葡萄糖苷的含量分析

目的:建立番木瓜中抗癌活性物质异硫氰酸苄酯及其前体物质苄基硫代葡萄糖苷的含量测定方法,并测定它们在番木瓜各部位中的含量。方法:苄基硫代葡萄糖苷采用HPLC法,以依利特Hypersil BDS-C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分析柱,用含0.1%三氟乙酸的乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长214 nm。异硫氰酸苄酯采用GC法,色谱柱为SPB1701石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25μm),程序升温,载气为氮气。FID检测器温度280℃,进样口温度250℃。结果:苄基硫代葡萄糖苷在0.91～36.4μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9992),异硫氰酸苄酯在0.0174～0.556μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9992)。除成熟果肉外,苄基硫代葡萄糖苷在其他部位均能检测到,且以种子中含量最高为4.74 mg·g-1;而异硫氰酸苄酯只在花和种子中检测到,以种子中含量较高为0.605 mg·g-1。结论:所建方法可用于番木瓜中苄基硫代葡萄糖苷和异硫氰酸苄酯的含量测定。     

维药恰玛古中硫代葡萄糖苷的提取工艺研究

目的:优化维药恰玛古硫代葡萄糖苷的提取工艺。方法:采用乙醇回流法提取维药恰玛古中硫代葡萄糖苷,以硫代葡萄糖苷提取量和干膏得率的综合评分为指标,在单因素试验基础上采用L9(34)正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比对恰玛古硫代葡萄糖苷提取工艺的影响并进行验证试验。结果:优化的提取工艺为加8倍药材量的95%乙醇回流提取2次,每次1.0h;硫代葡萄糖苷提取量和干膏得率分别平均为7.36 mg/g、25.29%,综合评分的RSD为0.52%(n=3)。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,可用于维药恰玛古中硫代葡萄糖苷的提取。     

葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗结核性胸膜炎的辅助疗效和安全性评价

目的:评价"葶苈大枣泻肺汤"治疗结核性胸膜炎的辅助疗效和安全性。方法:检索中国知网期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库等数据库中所有有关"葶苈大枣泻肺汤"联合抗结核药治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床随机对照实验文献,采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan 4.2.10软件对数据进行系统分析。结果:最终纳入12篇文献进行分析;结果表明"葶苈大枣泻肺汤"能显著增加结核性胸膜炎的治愈率(P<0.000 01);减轻抗结核药的不良反应如肝肾损害、胃肠道反应等;未见"葶苈大枣泻肺汤"引发不良反应的报道。结论:现有资料表明"葶苈大枣泻肺汤"对结核性胸膜炎具有较好的辅助治疗作用,安全性高。     

硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯的抗癌和抗氧化作用进展

目的为硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯的合理利用、功能性保健产品开发和抗癌辅助药物的研制提供依据。方法归纳总结近10年硫代葡萄糖苷和异硫氰酸酯的文献,对其在植物体的分布、理化性质、抗癌和抗氧化机制等方面进行详细阐述。结果硫代葡萄糖苷及其水解产物异硫氰酸酯具有良好的抗癌和抗氧化活性,可以预防和治疗多种癌症,对于由空气污染引发的呼吸系统及肺部疾病也具有良好的疗效;硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯可以清除血管和机体的自由基,保护心脑血管,延缓衰老。结论硫代葡萄糖苷及异硫氰酸酯开发成功能性保健产品和抗癌辅助药具有广阔的市场前景。     

翼核果中的新化合物

从翼核果的根茎中分离得到一个新化合物，用ＵＶ，ＩＲ，ＭＳ，１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ，１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ，ＨＭＢＣ，ＤＥＰＴ及１３Ｃ－１ＨＣＯＳＹ光谱进行了测定，鉴定其结构为１，６－二羟基－３－甲基口山酮－８－羧酸－１－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖苷，命名为翼核口山酮苷．     

翼核果中化学成分的研究Ⅰ

本文从广西产翼核果（ＶｅｎｔｉｌａｇｏｌｅｉｏｃａｒｐａＢｅｎｔｈ．）根茎的抗炎有效部位碱提取酸沉淀中分离得到了６个化合物，其中４个蒽醌类化合物：大黄素（１），大黄素－８－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（ｅｍｏｄｉｎ－８－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｓｉｄｅ）（２），大黄素－６，８－二甲醚（ｅｍｏｄｉｎ－６，８－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｔｈｅｒ）（３），１－羟基蒽醌（１－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙａｎｔｈｒａｑｕｉｎｏｎｅ）（４），１个酮类化合物：１，６－二羟基－３－甲基酮－８－羧酸（ｃａｌｙｘａｎｔｈｏｎｅ）（５），及１个异黄酮类化合物：鸢尾甙元（ｔｅｃｔｏｒｉｇｅｎｉｎ）（６）．其中化合物（２），（５）为本种植物中首次分离得到，（６）为本属植物中首次分离得到。     

Influence of intact and myrosinase-treated indolyl glucosinolates on the metabolism in vivo of metronidazole and antipyrine in the rat.

Induction of the cytochrome P-450 enzymes is a mechanism whereby cruciferous vegetables and their glucosinolates could influence the risk of cancer. The cytochrome P-450-inducing capacity of isolated intact broccoli glucosinolates and their degradation products, resulting from myrosinase-catalysed hydrolysis, has been assessed in studies of the metabolism of antipyrine (AP) and metronidazole (MZ) in the rat. The intact glucosinolates had no effect on the metabolism of MZ and AP as measured by the clearance and metabolite formation rates; however, the myrosinase-treated glucosinolates significantly increased the clearance of AP by two-thirds and the formation rates of the three major AP metabolites by 87-100%, and doubled the rate of oxidative metabolism of MZ to its hydroxy and acetic acid metabolites. Active myrosinase was thus essential for the capacity of glucosinolates from broccoli (mainly indolyl glucosinolates) to induce the activity of several cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of AP and MZ. The data indicated that hydrolysis products of indolyl glucosinolates had an inducing effect on the activity, but not the total amount, of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes. The effect of these products on the oxidative metabolism of AP and MZ was similar to that of phenobarbital. The significance of this induction pattern in relation to cancer risk depends primarily on the activation/inactivation mechanism of the relevant carcinogen.     

Effect of chemopreventive compounds from Brassica vegetables on NAD(P)H:quinone reductase and induction of DNA strand breaks in murine hepa1c1c7 cells.

We have compared the effects of aqueous extracts of cooked Brussels sprouts, isolated glucosinolates and their breakdown products on the activity of quinone reductase [NADPH:quinone-reductase] (QR) and on DNA strand breaks induced by hydrogen peroxide in murine hepa1c1c7 cells. QR activity was not significantly altered after incubation of the cells with Brussels sprouts extracts. However, some of the glucosinolates and in particular their myrosinase-catalysed hydrolysis products and the degradation product of indole-glucosinolates, indole-3-carbinole (I3C), di(indol-3-yl)-methane (DIM) and 2,3-bis(indol-3-ylmethyl)indole (TRI) effectively induced QR activity. Isolated isothiocyanates did not influence the QR activity. The extracts of cooked and autolysed Brussels sprouts and some glucosinolates inhibited the DNA strand breaks induced by 100 microM hydrogen peroxide. Maximum inhibition was by 20-38% after 24 h of preincubation. Hydrolysis of the glucosinolates by myrosinase decreased the inhibitory effects, whereas I3C, DIM or TRI had no effect on DNA damage. Accordingly, the protective effect of Brussels sprouts constituents against induction of oxidative DNA damage appears to be unrelated to enzyme inducing properties via the antioxidant responsive element. Both of these effects could be part of the suggested cancer preventive effect of cruciferous vegetables.     

Identification of new derivatives of sinigrin and glucotropaeolin produced by the human digestive microflora using 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis of in vitro incubations.

One- and two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy were used to study the biotransformation of two dietary glucosinolates, sinigrin (SIN), and glucotropaeolin (GTL) by the human digestive microflora in vitro. The molecular structures of the new metabolites issued from the aglycone moiety of the glucosinolate were identified, and the modulation of carbon metabolism was studied by quantifying bacterial metabolites issued from the xenobiotic incubation in the presence or absence of a source of free glucose. Unambiguously and for the first time, it was shown that SIN and GTL were transformed quantitatively into allylamine and benzylamine, respectively. The comparison of the kinetics of transformation of SIN and GTL with and without glucose clearly showed that the presence of glucose did not modify either the nature of the metabolites or the rate of transformation of the glucosinolates (complete degradation within 30 h). The main end products of the glucose moiety of glucosinolates were characteristic of anaerobic carbon metabolism in the digestive tract (acetate, lactate, ethanol, propionate, formate, and butyrate) and similar to those released from free glucose. This work represents the first application of (1)H NMR spectroscopy to the study of xenobiotic metabolism by the human digestive microflora, demonstrating allyl- and benzylamine production from glucosinolates. Whether these amines are produced in vivo from dietary glucosinolates remains to be established. This would reduce the availability of other glucosinolate metabolites, notably cancer-protective isothiocyanates.