急性肠系膜缺血性疾病的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 分析19例急性肠系膜缺血性疾病的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)改变,评价MSCT对该病的诊断价值.资料与方法 对19例经手术病理证实的急性肠缺血的MSCT平扫及增强扫描图像进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行CT平扫及动态增强扫描.结果 MSCT血管重组显示急性肠系膜缺血直接征象13例(68%),其中肠系膜动脉狭窄3例(16%),血栓形成或栓塞7例(39%),肠系膜静脉内血栓形成3例(16%).间接征象包括肠管壁增厚、肠管扩张及气-液平面,肠管壁积气、肠系膜周围渗出、腹腔积液等.结论 MSCT能对急性肠系膜缺血性疾病进行准确诊断,并可帮助判断缺血的原因及程度.     

多层螺旋CT在肠系膜静脉血栓诊断中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对肠系膜静脉血栓形成诊断的价值。方法回顾性分析8例诊断为肠系膜静脉血栓形成的平扫及增强MSCT表现,其中1例手术证实。结果8例患者MSCT检查均显示不同程度的腹腔积液,肠系膜周边脂肪密度增高,肠系膜上静脉增宽。7例平扫密度增高,其中2例血栓累及门静脉,5例出现肠管扩张、积气积液,5例出现肠管管壁增厚。增强后,肠系膜静脉管壁环形强化,肠管管壁强化呈“靶征”,1例肠管未见强化。抗凝治疗后,1例血栓基本消失,3例肠系膜静脉建立侧枝循环。结论MSCT增强扫描与三维重建技术相结合能早期发现肠系膜静脉血栓形成,它是一种有效、无创的影像学检查手段。     

急性肠缺血的CT征象分析

目的:分析急性肠缺血的CT征象,提高CT对急性肠缺血诊断的准确性.材料和方法:2004～2005年间经急诊CT平扫及增强扫描,53例被诊断为急性肠缺血,分析其CT征象并与临床治疗和手术结果相对照.结果:CT平扫及增强图像显示:①肠腔扩张及积液53例次.②肠壁增厚伴密度改变39例次,其中平扫时肠壁内见散在点状高密度影7例次,肠壁密度降低22例次.增强扫描肠壁黏膜层异常强化15例次.③肠系膜血管走行异常并血管增粗(漩涡征)10例.④肠系膜脂肪水肿及渗出(缆绳征)26例.⑤肠系膜动脉钙化斑26例;其中有5例可见肠系膜动脉内等密度无强化的血栓影;另3例经手术证实肠系膜上动脉近肠小血管襻内血栓形成,但CT未能显示.⑥肠系膜静脉血栓形成4例.全部53例病人中,39例内科保守治疗后好转,14例症状未缓解者,经外科手术治疗,证实10例为肠系膜动脉血栓形成(其中3例CT未显示血栓),4例为门静脉血栓形成.结论:肠腔扩张和积液、肠壁增厚、肠系膜血管缆绳征及腹水是急性肠缺血的CT间接征象.CT平扫结合MDCT增强和CTA图像显示肠壁内密度改变、肠系膜血管内血栓形成或血管硬化导致管腔狭窄、漩涡征,即可确诊.     

MSCT对后天性腹内疝的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT对后天性腹内疝的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术证实的16例后天性腹内疝的MSCT资料,CT检查采用平扫及双期增强扫描,并行MPR观察。结果:16例均表现为肠梗阻,其中13例有腹部手术史。14例CT表现为肠襻聚集伴扩张积液,具有占位效应;疝内肠系膜血管移位、伸拉,向疝口纠集,呈“梳征”或“缆绳征”。2例CT表现为空肠移位,呈“C”型,肠管积液、稍扩张,肠壁无明显水肿增厚。CT增强扫描7例肠壁及系膜强化程度减弱。结论:MSCT及其后处理技术对后天性腹内疝具有重要的诊断价值。     

多层螺旋CT在胃肠道穿孔诊断中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在胃肠道穿孔诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析49例经手术证实胃肠道穿孔患者术前CT及X线表现,比较两种检查方法的诊断价值.结果 本组研究腹部平片及CT游离气体的阳性率分别为60.0％(27/ 45) 、93.9％(46/49),差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05).MSCT示游离气体部位为肝前间隙35例,肝十二指肠韧带区5例,肝门区4例,小网膜区3例,盆腔区9例.胃肠道穿孔病因:胃、十二指肠溃疡19例,胃肠道恶性肿瘤9例,小肠缺血性肠梗阻穿孔5例,外伤性小肠破裂4例,急性穿孔性阑尾炎12例.术前MSCT诊断符合率为85.7％(42/49).结论 MSCT对胃肠道穿孔及其病因的诊断均具有重要价值.     

肺栓塞的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的 分析肺栓塞的MSCT的影像表现,探讨螺旋CT对其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析25例肺栓塞的CT表现. 全部病例均行胸部CT平扫及CT肺血管成像.结果 肺栓塞的直接征象为肺血管成像显示肺动脉内充盈缺损.本组25例肺栓塞共累及肺动脉191支,其中,中心型44支(23.0%),偏心型115支(60.2%),附壁型7支(3.7%),闭塞型25支(13.1%).间接征象包括不规则实变影15例;片状磨玻璃影6例;局限性索条状影4例;"马赛克"征5例;胸腔积液16例;心包少量积液3例;3例除栓子外未见异常.结论 CTAP是诊断肺栓塞快速、安全有效、无创的诊断方法,具有较高的诊断价值.     

肠系膜脂膜炎MSCT影像学表现

目的 分析肠系膜脂膜炎的MSCT特点,提高CT诊断及鉴别诊断的水平.方法 回顾性分析12例肠系膜脂膜炎的临床及MSCT表现.5例CT平扫,7例CT平扫加双期增强检查,12例均按照CT诊断标准诊断为肠系膜脂膜炎（1例手术证实）.结果 12例表现为围绕肠系膜根部及走形区域边界清楚的脂肪肿块,呈云雾状密度增高影.7例增强扫描病灶未见强化,病变与腹腔内脂肪和腹膜后脂肪分界清晰.9例可见“假包膜”征,6例见“脂肪环”征.6例病变对邻近肠袢有推移征象,其中1例导致小肠梗阻,1例病变伴门静脉及肠系膜上静脉部分栓塞.3例病变内及后腹膜见小结节.12例病变肿块内均无囊性变及钙化灶.结论 肠系膜脂膜炎CT表现具有一定特征,MSCT是诊断肠系膜脂膜炎非常有效的影像手段.     

MSCT对自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的诊断与评估

目的:探讨MSCT多种成像技术对自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SISMAD)的诊断价值。方法:搜集19例SISMAD患者的病例资料,其中4例经DSA证实,15例由临床随访证实,所有病例均行MSCT检查及薄层重建、VR、MPR和CTA等后处理。DSA术前完成MSCT平扫及增强扫描,未行DSA者3～6个月内随访复查CT。按Yun分型进行MSCT诊断,探讨各型SISMAD的影像特征,并结合文献分析其临床特点。结果:本组19例SISMAD按Yun分型法进行MSCT诊断,Ⅰ型7例(真假腔均通畅,可见假腔的入口和出口);Ⅱ型12例(真腔通畅,假腔无血流),其中Ⅱa型4例(假腔无出口),Ⅱb型8例(假腔内血栓形成,伴真腔狭窄);Ⅲ型0例(夹层并肠系膜上动脉闭塞)。MSCT的薄层、MPR、CTA及探针分析清晰地显示了SISMAD的内膜破裂及夹层内血栓情况;同时显示大动脉粥样硬化11例,内脏动脉瘤2例,髂总动脉瘤样扩张3例。SISMAD临床上好发于中老年男性,以不明原因的突发性腹痛为起病特点;动脉硬化及高血压是SISMAD发病的危险因素。结论:MSCT可准确诊断SISMAD并对其分型、发现内脏动脉或大动脉的相关病变,对其稳定性的评估有助于指导临床治疗。     

MSCT在小儿门静脉海绵样变术前及术后的应用价值

目的 探讨MSCT在小儿门静脉海绵样变(CTPV)术前诊断及术后疗效评价中的应用价值.方法 收集本院经手术证实为CTPV患儿11例,术前均行MSCT平扫与增强扫描,术后均行超声或MSCT检查.结果 11例患儿术前CT扫描均显示脾不同程度增大,平扫可见肝门区异常软组织团块影,增强扫描示门静脉主干狭窄消失,肝门部出现蚯蚓状血管团,肝内左侧分支和/或右侧分支被多发集聚的血管取代(Ⅱ型).11例患儿均行肠系膜上静脉-门静脉左支旁路分流术(Rex术)手术顺利,术后随访2～20个月,影像学检查示9例患儿吻合口通畅,2例患儿吻合口狭窄.结论 小儿CTPV的MSCT表现具有一定特征性,MSCT在小儿CTPV术前诊断及术后疗效评价中具有重要意义.     

肠扭转的CT诊断(附16例分析)

目的:探讨肠扭转CT平扫的影像学特征.方法:对16例经手术证实的肠扭转患者的CT平扫检查及其影像学表现进行了分析.结果:肠扭转CT平扫的主要征象为:①直接征象:肠袢呈C形15例,肠系膜血管扭曲征16例,远端肠管呈鸟嘴征13例,漩涡征6例;②间接征象:扭转肠袢内积液、积气者14例(其中单纯肠管内积液者6例),近端肠管见液平面者12例,腹膜腔内积液者3例.结论:CT平扫对肠扭转的早期诊断及指导临床治疗有重要价值.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.