丝裂霉素预防准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术后角膜混浊的临床研究

目的:探讨准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术中使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素(MMC)预防术后角膜上皮下混浊(haze)的安全性、有效性。方法:对120例(240眼)屈光不正的患者进行准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术,术中使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素,作用时间为20~90s,观察术后角膜上皮愈合时间、观察术后1,3,6,12mo时裸眼视力、矫正视力、屈光状态、haze形成情况及并发症、角膜内皮细胞计数等。结果:角膜上皮愈合时间为3.01±0.72d;手术前后角膜内皮细胞计数统计学上无显著性差异(P=0.62);术后1,3,6,12mo时裸眼视力、矫正视力、屈光状态统计学上无显著性差异;术后6mo0~0.5级haze218眼(90.8%),1级haze21眼(8.75%),2级haze1眼(0.83%),术后12mo1级haze12眼(5%);术后未见丝裂霉素毒性反应及并发症。结论:使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素预防准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术后角膜上皮下混浊安全、有效。     

PRK联合术中丝裂霉素矫正高度近视的临床研究

目的:探讨准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy,PRK)联合术中使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素(MMC)矫治高度近视的安全性、有效性、稳定性。方法:对109例201眼高度近视的患者行PRK术,激光切削后使用0.2g/LMMC20s,观察术后角膜上皮愈合时间、观察术后1,3,6,12mo时裸眼视力、矫正远视力、屈光状态、haze形成情况及并发症情况、角膜内皮细胞计数等。结果:角膜上皮愈合时间为3.68±0.35d。术后裸眼视力均有明显提高,术后12mo裸眼视力达到1.0以上的者189眼(94%),等效球镜在±0.5D以内者153眼(76%)。术后矫正远视力下降1行者7眼(3%),无1例矫正远视力下降2行或2行以上。术后3mo与术后12mo相比,屈光度变化≤0.5D者占96%。手术前后角膜内皮细胞计数、变异系数比较均无显著性差异(P1=0.71;P2=0.83)。术后12mo,0～0.5级haze者189眼(94%),1级haze者12眼(6%);未见2级以上haze。术后未见丝裂霉素毒性反应及并发症。结论:准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术联合术中使用0.2g/LMMC20s矫治高度近视安全、有效。     

丝裂霉素C在LASEK术中应用的临床研究

目的 探讨丝裂霉素C(MMC)在准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)中应用的作用.方法 将近视150例(300眼)按左、右眼随机分为2组,其中MMC组150眼,术中在完成切削后将浸有0.02%M.MC的海绵片覆盖于角膜切削区基质床上2 min;对照组150眼术中将浸有BBs液的海绵置覆盖于切削区基质床上2 min.术后定期随访观察两组角膜haze形成、角膜上皮愈合时间、视力恢复情况及屈光度.结果 术后1月、3月、6月MMC组haze轻于对照组(P<0.05),两组眼部刺激症状、角膜上皮愈合时间及屈光度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 LASEK术中应用O.02%MMC可减轻haze的形成,无毒副作用产生.     

丝裂霉素C应用于LASEK手术的临床研究

目的探讨丝裂霉素C(MMC)对准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)后角膜上皮下雾状混浊(haze)的预防作用。方法将102例(204眼)受术者随机分为两组,术中MMC组62例(124眼)将浸有0.02%MMC的海绵片覆盖于角膜切削区,覆盖时间据屈光度大小而定;对照组40例(80眼)不使用任何药物。术后定期随访观察两组角膜haze形成、角膜上皮愈合时间及视力恢复情况。结果术后1月、3月、6月MMC组haze轻于对照组,等效球镜值<8.00D组P<0.05;等效球镜值≥8.00D组P<0.01。术后3个月视力恢复在等效球镜值<8.00D患者中,两组差异无显著性(P>0.05);等效球镜值≥8.00D患者中,MMC组好于对照组(P<0.05)。两组眼部刺激症状和角膜上皮愈合时间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论LASEK术中应用0.02%MMC可减轻haze的形成,对高度或超高度近视更具有意义。无毒副作用产生。     

中低度近视的准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术

目的探讨准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)治疗中低度近视的疗效与安全性。方法应用德国ZeissMEL80准分子激光器对<-6.00D的中低度近视患者102例200眼施行LASEK术,术前平均裸眼视力0.17±0.13(0.02～0.6),平均等值球镜-3.87±1.57D。前瞻性地随访6个月,观察术后症状、裸眼和最佳矫正视力、显然屈光度、眼压、角膜愈合程度和并发症。结果LASEK术后6个月裸眼视力≥0.6者占100%,裸眼视力≥1.0者占96%。术后平均裸眼视力1.08±0.23,平均等值球镜-0.35±0.41D。平均角膜上皮愈合时间1～5天。术后10眼(5%)出现haze,0.5级8眼,1.0级2眼。1例患者出现眩光。结论LASEK是一种安全、有效的治疗中低度近视的屈光手术。     

准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术后角膜上皮愈合延迟的原因分析

近年来，准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术（LASEK）治疗屈光不正，获得满意疗效，但术后发生上皮愈合延迟的防治，报道甚少。上皮愈合延迟是指屈光手术3d后，角膜上皮持续或反复出现上皮剥脱而形成的缺损状态。不仅使患者感到不适，影响视力恢复，同时也导致haze的发生率明显增高。现将LASEK术后发生的上皮愈合延迟的原因，分析如下。     

LASEK治疗白内障摘除联合IOL植入术后屈光不正的观察

目的:观察准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(LASEK) 治疗白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后屈光不正的安全性及疗效。方法:对白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后屈光不正的42例49眼施行LASEK,术后随访6mo以上,记录角膜地形图、视力、屈光度数、角膜haze等情况。结果:术后6mo裸眼视力≥1.0者32眼(65.3%),≥0.8者42眼(85.7%)。球镜度数±1.0D内者为45眼(91.8%),±0.5D内者为34眼(69.4%)。柱镜度数±1.0D内者43眼(87.8%),±0.5D内者为31眼(63.3%)。术后6mo 0.5级haze 4眼(8.2%),其余均为0级,无继发性圆锥角膜、继发性青光眼、切削偏中心等并发症。结论:LASEK治疗白内障人工晶状体植入术后屈光不正屈光不正安全性高,疗效确切。     

准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术矫治超高度近视的临床研究

目的探讨准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)矫治超高度近视的疗效与安全性。方法应用德国Zeiss MEL 80准分子激光器对-10.00以上的超高度近视22例(40眼)施行LASEK术,术前平均裸眼视力0.02±0.02 (0.01～0.05),平均等效球镜(-12.75±2.30)D。随访6个月,观察术后症状、裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力、显然屈光度、眼压、角膜愈合程度和并发症。结果LASEK术后角膜上皮愈合时间1～4d。6个月裸眼视力≥0.5者占95%,裸眼视力≥1.0者占27.5%。平均裸眼视力0.70±0.20,平均等效球镜(-1.25±1.78)D。haze发生14眼(35.0%),haze 0.5级10眼(25.0%),haze 1.0级4眼(10.0%)。5例出现眩光。结论LASEK术可以安全有效地进行超高度近视的矫治,可作为超高度近视治疗的一种较好选择。     

改良LASEK治疗中高度近视临床分析

目的探讨应用改良的上皮瓣制作方法施行准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术（LASEK）治疗中度和高度近视的方法及临床结果分析。方法中度和高度近视368例（730眼），应用改良的上皮瓣制作方法一撕囊法。施行LASEK，观察术后上皮瓣的活性、症状、视力、屈光度、上皮下雾状浑浊（haze）发生率及屈光回退发生率。结果术后1～3天角膜透明、上皮完整、角膜瓣周缘吻合良好；术后屈光度及裸眼视力均在6月内趋于稳定；屈光回退于术后6月有35眼（4．79％），术后1年有36眼占（4．93％）；术后haze2周有206眼（28．20％），6月有85眼（11.59％）。结论改良的LASEK治疗中度及高度近视疗效确切而安全，上皮瓣存活良好，能降低haze及屈光回退的发生。     

去上皮瓣Epi-LASIK矫治高度近视

目的:探讨去上皮瓣机械法准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术(Epi-LASIK)矫治高度近视的临床疗效。方法:对86例169眼高度近视患者施行去上皮瓣Epi-LASIK,术后随访6mo。观察术后刺激症状、角膜上皮愈合时间、视力、屈光度、角膜上皮下雾状混浊程度(haze)。结果:所有患者术后均未主诉明显疼痛,仅表现有轻中度的异物感、畏光、流泪。角膜上皮愈合时间3～4d。术后6mo,全部86例169眼术后等效球镜均在±1.00D以内,未见最佳矫正视力下降,23眼(13.6%)最佳矫正视力提高1行以上。术后1mo,142眼(84.0%)角膜haze为0级,27眼(16.0%)角膜haze为0.5级;术后3mo,2例4眼不明原因出现3级haze;术后6mo,所有患者角膜haze均为0级。结论:去上皮瓣Epi-LASIK治疗高度近视安全、有效,具有良好的可预测性和稳定性。个别患者在术后发生不明原因的迟发性haze有待于进一步研究。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.