低位直肠癌保肛手术治疗的临床分析

目的为探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术的可行性。方法回顾分析低位直肠癌保肛手术45例的治疗资料，其中行低位前切除术24例，超低位前切除术9例，Bacon术4例，Parks术8例。结果术后出现并发症吻合口出血4例，吻合口漏5例，切口感染2例。术后随访1～7年，局部复发率为15．6％，5年生存率53．3％；而同期Miles术式分别为13．7％，58．6％两者结果相差无几。结论认为保肛手术只要完善患者病情的术前评估，严格合理地选择手术适应证，实施全直肠系膜切除术，低位直肠癌保肛手术是可行的。     

全直肠系膜切除联合双器械吻合在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

目的探讨双器械吻合技术联合全直肠系膜切除在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用方法和临床疗效。方法在全直肠系膜切除的基础上，应用双器械吻合技术，对103例低位直肠癌行低位或超低位吻合，随访3年，回顾性分析其根治性、术后排便功能、手术并发症、局部复发率。结果中低位吻合31例，超低位吻合72例；无切端癌残留，无大便失禁，无吻合口漏；全组无手术死亡；肿瘤局部复发率5．8％（6／103）。结论在全直肠系膜切除基础上，利用双器械吻合技术行低位直肠癌保肛手术是保持排便功能，减少并发症，减少局部复发，提高生活质量的有效方法。     

直肠拖出单吻合器技术行超低位直肠癌保肛术

目的:探讨超低位直肠癌经直肠拖出采用单吻合器技术行保肛手术的可行性。方法:对近8年来收治的31例超低位直肠癌（肿瘤下缘距肛缘≤5 cm）患者，采用全直肠系膜切除、直肠拖出、双荷包、单吻合器技术行结肠肛管吻合术。结果:31例患者均顺利完成直肠癌保肛根治切除手术，且均未行预防性回肠或结肠造口。术后发生吻合口瘘5例（16.1%），吻合口狭窄2例（6.5%），局部复发2例（6.5%），无大便失禁及围手术期死亡。5年的生存率为78.6％ (11/14)。结论:对于超低位直肠癌保肛手术，采用直肠拖出单吻合器技术一期手术，安全可行，且费用相对较低。     

全直肠系膜切除直肠癌根治术：附126例报告

目的 评价全直肠系膜切除在直肠癌根治术中的应用价值.方法 对近126例中下段直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 2例(1.6%)高龄患者死于术后肺部感染.术后发生吻合口瘘2例(1.6%),术后随访1～5年,2年局部复发率为4.0%,3年生存率为93.6%,5年生存率为85.4%.结论 只要合理选择手术适应证.直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术可降低局部复发率,不增加并发症.     

中低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后吻合口漏的防治

为探讨中低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术（TME）后吻合口漏的防治措施,回顾分析71例行TME的中低位直肠癌患者资料,就术后吻合口漏的防治做一总结。结果显示,全部患者均手术成功,无死亡病例。术后发生吻合口漏6例,其中1例行造口术,其余5例经保守治疗痊愈。结果表明,采取积极的防治措施,可治愈中低位直肠癌术后吻合口漏。     

全直肠系膜切除双器械吻合治疗低位直肠癌

目的探讨双器械吻合技术联合全直肠系膜切除在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用和疗效. 方法在全直肠系膜切除的基础上,应用双器械吻合技术,对53例低位直肠癌行低位或超低位吻合.随访3年,回顾性分析其根治性、术后排便功能、手术并发症、局部复发率. 结果低位吻合12例,超低位吻合41例.无切端癌残留,全组无手术死亡,无吻合口漏.本组均随访3年,6个月内每日大便次数5～10次者18例,余者均在5次以下,6个月后所有患者大便次数均在5次以下,无大便失禁.吻合口狭窄发生率3.8%(2/53),肿瘤局部复发率5.7%(3/53). 结论在全直肠系膜切除基础上,利用双器械吻合技术行低位直肠癌保肛手术是保持排便功能,减少并发症,减少局部复发,提高生活质量的有效方法.     

全直肠系膜切除术在低位直肠癌中的应用

为探讨低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术（TME）在保肛、防止肿瘤局部复发中的作用,对行低位直肠癌TME43例患者的手术方法、疗效和并发症进行回顾性分析。结果显示,43例采用TME手术,术后无死亡病例,吻合口漏3例,无吻合口狭窄,术后局部复发3例,复发率为6．9％。结果表明,在低位直肠癌手术中应用TME可降低直肠癌局部复发率,不增加并发症。     

支撑吻合管在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用研究

目的 探讨支撑吻合管在低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除(TME)基础上行结肠一直肠/肛管吻合的应用.方法 155例低位直肠癌TME术后,应用支撑吻合管经肛门行结肠一直肠/肛管吻合进行消化道重建.结果 本组155例无手术死亡及术中严重并发症,术中病理检查无残端癌;术后肛周盆腔感染2例(1.29%),吻合口漏3例(1.94%),吻合13出血5例(3.23%),吻合口狭窄4例(2.58%).寿命表法计算5年生存率和局部复发率分别为78.06%(121/155)及6.45%(10/155).手术后3个月排便功能的优良率为82.58%.结论 低位直肠癌TME术后应用支撑吻合管行结肠-直肠/肛管吻合是安全可行的.     

腹腔镜与开腹全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌的临床疗效与安全性。方法:回顾分析121例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,将其分为腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术组(观察组,n=67)与开腹全直肠系膜切除术组(对照组,n=54),比较两组手术及术后相关指标、预后指标、并发症发生情况。结果:观察组手术保肛率、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、切口愈合时间、术后住院时间及并发症总发生率均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组淋巴结清扫数量、肿瘤下缘与远切缘距离、局部复发率、远处转移率及3年生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌较开腹手术具有明显的微创优势,术后并发症少,安全、可行,临床疗效及预后与开腹手术相当。     

低位直肠癌全系膜切除术后吻合口瘘的防治

目的探讨直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘的原因及防治措施。方法回顾性分析100例实施全直肠系膜切除术及术后发生吻合口瘘的临床诊治资料。结果 100例中吻合口瘘的发生率6.00%(6/100),5例经引流、抗感染、营养支持等治疗后痊愈。1例行横结肠造瘘手术治疗后痊愈。结论术前全面评估病情、积极肠道准备,术中规范手术操作及合理改进手术技巧,术后充分引流、合理应用抗生素预防感染等措施,可有效降低吻合口瘘发生率。一旦发生应根据病情及时合理实施保守或手术治疗,是保证治疗效果的重要基础。     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术107例临床分析

目的探讨直肠癌全直肠系膜切除法在直肠癌中的应用。方法回顾性分析107例直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除的临床资料。本组病例行Miles术式18例;Dixon术式89例,其中76例使用吻合器吻合。结果全组术中出血100-150ml,术中术后均无输血。术后发生吻合口瘘3例,占2.8%。性功能障碍1例,占0.93%。排尿功能障碍1例,占0.93%。术口感染12例,占11.21%。随访6-42个月,局部复发率4.67%（5/107）。结论直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术,对提高直肠癌术后患者生存质量和生活质量确有裨益。     

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目的：探讨直肠全系膜切除在预防直肠癌术后肿瘤局部复发中的作用以及同该操作相关的一些问题。方法：对1998年8月以来共75例直肠癌术中行全直肠系膜切除的疗效和并发症等进行分析。结果：全组无手术死亡，术后吻合口漏4例，发生率为10％(4／40)；吻合口狭窄2例，发生率为3．3％(2／21)；会阴切口感染2例，发生率为14．3％(2／14)；术后肿瘤局部复发1例，复发率为1．3％。结论：直肠癌术中全直肠系膜切除能有效预防和降低直肠癌术后的局部复发率，但该操作给病人带来的不利因素也不容忽视。     

T3N0 rectal cancer: Results following sharp mesorectal excision and no adjuvant therapy

Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy following resection of T3N0 rectal cancer is recommended in order to reduce the incidence of local recurrence and improve survival. However, recent experience with rectal cancer resection utilizing sharp dissection and total mesorectal excision has resulted in a reduction in local recurrence rates to as low as 5% without adjuvant treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine if rectal cancer resection utilizing sharp mesorectal excision alone is adequate treatment for local control of T3N0 rectal cancer. Between July 1986 and December 1993, 95 patients with T3N0M0 rectal cancer underwent resection with sharp mesorectal excision and did not receive any adjuvant therapy. Various prognostic factors were analyzed for their association with local recurrence and survival. Seventy-nine patients had a low anterior resection, 10 of whom had a coloanal anastomosis, and 16 had an abdominoperineal resection. The median follow-up was 53.3 months. Six patients had local recurrence, 12 had distant recurrence, and three had local and distant recurrences. The overall local recurrence rate was 9% crude and 12% 5-year actuarial. The overall crude recurrence rate was 22%. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 86.6% with an overall survival of 75%. Postoperative complications occurred in 18 patients (19%). Five patients (6%) had a documented anastomotic leak. Perioperative mortality was 3%. No technical factors, including type of resection (low anterior vs. abdominoperineal), location of tumor, or extent of resection margin, were significant for determining local recurrence. The only histopathologic marker significant for determining local recurrence was lymphatic invasion (P <0.04). Sharp mesorectal excision with low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection for T3N0M0 rectal cancer results in a local recurrence rate of less than 10% without the use of adjuvant therapy. Therefore, in select patients with T3N0M0 rectal cancer, the standard use of adjuvant therapy for local control may not be justified. Presented at the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of The Society of Surgery for the Alimentary Tract, New Orleans, La., May 17–20, 1998.     

全直肠系膜切除治疗直肠癌

目的 介绍全直肠系膜切除治疗直肠癌的手术方法及治疗效果。方法 文献综述。结果 采用全直肠系膜切除方法治疗直肠癌,其局部复发率由２０％～３０％下降至３％～８％,５年生存率达７５％,并使保肛机率增加。结论 直肠癌手术中采用全直肠系膜切除能降低直肠癌患者局部复发率,提高生存率,改善生存质量,值得推广。     

两种直肠癌根治术应用于全直肠系膜切除术后局部复发率的比较

目的：比较保肛与非保肛两种直肠癌根治术应用全直肠系膜切除（total mesorectal excision,TME）后的局部复发率的（local recurrence rate,LRR）差异。方法：173例直肠癌患者分2组（Dixon组123例,Miles组50例）,按Heald法行TME。结果：Dixon组与Miles组的总LRR分别为4．8％（6／123）与18．0％（9／50）,P＜0．05;1997年以前Miles组的LRR为36．8％（7／19）,显著高于1997年以后Miles组的6．5％（2／31）,P＜0．05;前者与Dixon组的LRR4．8％相比差异有非常显著性意义,后者与Dixon组相比差异无显著性差义,P＞0．05。结论：TME是降低2种直肠癌根治术后LRR的重要因素。     

Local recurrence and survival after laparoscopic mesorectal resection for rectal adenocarcinoma

Background: Laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer is controversial. Actuarial survival and local recurrence rates have not been determined. Methods: A prospective database containing 80 consecutive unselected laparoscopic resections of rectal cancers performed between November 1991 and 1999 was reviewed. Local recurrence was defined as any detectable local disease at follow-up assessment occurring either alone or in conjunction with generalized recurrence. The tumor node metastases (TNM) classification for colorectal cancers and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to determine staging and survival curves. The mesorectal excision technique was used during surgery. Results: The median follow-up period was 31 months for patients with stages I, II, and III cancer, and 15.5 months for patients with stage IV cancer. The overall 5-year survival rate was 65.1% for all cancer stages and 72.1% for stages I, II, and III cancer. No trocar-site recurrence was observed. The overall local recurrence rate was 3.75% (3/80) for all cancer stages, and 4.3% (3/70) for stages I, II, and III cancer. Conclusions: The survival and local recurrence rates for patients with rectal cancer treated by laparoscopic mesorectal excision do not differ negatively from those in the literature for open mesorectal excision. Further validation is needed.     

Anterior resection for rectal cancer with mesorectal excision: a prospective evaluation of 622 patients

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review the operative results and oncological outcomes of anterior resection for rectal and rectosigmoid cancer. Comparison was made between patients with total mesorectal excision (TME) for mid and distal cancer and partial mesorectal excision (PME) for proximal cancer, when a 4- to 5-cm mesorectal margin could be achieved. Risk factors for local recurrence and survival were also analyzed. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Anterior resection has become the preferred treatment option rectal cancer. TME with sharp dissection has been shown to be associated with a low local recurrence rate. Controversies still exist as to the need for TME in more proximal tumor. METHODS: Resection of primary rectal and rectosigmoid cancer was performed in 786 patients from August 1993 to July 2002. Of these, 622 patients (395 men and 227 women; median age, 67 years) underwent anterior resection. The technique of perimesorectal dissection was used. Patients with mid and distal rectal cancer were treated with TME while PME was performed for those with more proximal tumors. Prospective data on the postoperative results and oncological outcomes were reviewed. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage, local recurrence, and survival of the patients were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The median level of the tumor was 8 cm from the anal verge (range, 2.5-20 cm) and curative resection was performed in 563 patients (90.5%). TME was performed in 396 patients (63.7%). Significantly longer median operating time, more blood loss, and a longer hospital stay were found in patients with TME. The overall operative mortality and morbidity rates were 1.8% and 32.6%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between those of TME and PME. Anastomotic leak occurred in 8.1% and 1.3% of patients with TME and PME, respectively (P < 0.001). Independent factors for a higher anastomotic leakage rate were TME, the male gender, the absence of stoma, and the increased blood loss. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rate was 9.7%. The advanced stage of the disease and the performance of coloanal anastomosis were independent factors for increased local recurrence. The 5-year cancer-specific survival was 74.5%. The independent factors for poor survival were the advanced stage of the disease and the presence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior resection with mesorectal excision is a safe option and can be performed in the majority of patients with rectal cancer. The local recurrence rate was 9.7% and the cancer-specific survival was 74.5%. When the tumor requires a TME, this procedure is more complex and has a higher leakage rate than in those higher tumors where PME provides adequate mesorectal clearance. By performing TME in patients with mid and distal rectal cancer, the local control and survival of these patients are similar to those of patients with proximal cancers where adequate clearance can be achieved by PME.     

全直肠系膜切除术在直肠癌治疗中的作用

目的探讨直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术(TME)的临床应用价值。方法对65例中下段直肠癌行TME,分析术后局部复发率、术后并发症、直肠系膜肿瘤残留情况。结果65例直肠癌局部复发率为7.7%(5/65),术后吻合口漏的发生率为6.2%(4/65),5例术后短期内有泌尿生殖功能障碍,无骶前大出血,术后病检报告系膜内有癌巢存在的有35例(54%)。结论TME是治疗中下段直肠癌必须遵循的原则,能明显降低局部复发率及术后并发症,提高保肛手术率。     

直肠癌全系膜切除术后吻合口漏形成的危险因素分析

目的探讨直肠癌全系膜切除术后吻合口漏形成的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2018年7月两家医院接受直肠癌全系膜切除术治疗的358例直肠癌患者的临床资料,依据术后吻合口漏发生情况,分为吻合口漏组与无吻合口漏组,吻合口漏组有52例(14.53%)患者存在吻合口漏现象,306例为无吻合口漏组。采用SPSS24.0软件进行数据处理,各类别中患者占比等计数资料用n(%)表示,单因素分析采用χ^2检验,多因素采用Logistic回归分析,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果术后吻合口漏形成的单、多因素分析结果显示:年龄(≥60岁)、营养状况(≥3分)、吻合口距肛门距离(<5 cm)、术前贫血及术前血清白蛋白(<35 g/L)为直肠癌全系膜切除术后吻合口漏形成的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论直肠癌全系膜切除术后吻合口漏形成的危险因素包括年龄(≥60岁)、营养状况(≥3分)、吻合口距肛门距离(<5 cm)、术前贫血及术前血清白蛋白(<35g/L)等,可对患者术后的恢复状况造成不良影响,显著提高了患者发生吻合口漏发生率,不利于患者术后病情恢复。