轮椅碰撞试验：一种评估行为偏侧忽略的新方法

目的采用一种新的方法——轮椅碰撞试验(WCT)评估脑卒中患者是否存在行为偏侧忽略并探讨其有效性。方法对19例首发脑卒中患者进行WCT检查,患者自行驱动轮椅通过2排错位排列的圆凳,圆凳间距离为120或140cm,由检查者记录患者驱动轮椅时轮椅碰撞圆凳的次数。同时采用凯瑟林波哥量表(CBS)进行行为偏侧忽略的评定,采用独立功能评定(FIM)评估患者的日常生活能力,并与WCT结果进行相关性分析。结果不同情况下,WCT的重测信度为0.68～0.97。经Kappa检验分析,圆凳间距120cm时WCT(以有碰撞和无碰撞来表示)与CBS(以有忽略和无忽略来表示)的一致率为68.4%,高于圆凳间距140cm时WCT与CBS的一致率(57.9%)。圆凳间距离为120cm和140cm时,WCT与CBS的Spearman相关系数分别为0.72(P<0.001)和0.75(P<0.001);WCT和CBS与FIM评分也有明显的相关性。结论WCT是检测患者是否存在行为偏侧忽略的一种简单、客观的方法,其结果与CBS和FIM均有明显的相关性,可以在临床推广应用。     

Effects of combining mental practice with electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation for stroke patients with unilateral neglect

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mental practice combined with electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation on neglect and activities of daily living in stroke patients with unilateral neglect. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-three stroke patients with unilateral neglect were recruited from a local university hospital, and were divided into two groups. The experimental group received an intervention consisting of mental practice combined with electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation on the neglected side, while the control group received cyclic electrical stimulation at the same site. In addition, both groups received an identical intervention of conventional occupational and physical therapy. [Results] After the intervention, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in the line bisection test result, star cancellation test result, and Catherine Bergego Scale scores. The control group showed a significant improvement only in the line bisection test result. [Conclusion] These data suggest that mental practice combined with electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation is an effective, novel treatment for reducing unilateral neglect in stroke patients.Key words: Electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation, Mental practice, Unilateral neglect     

强制性使用运动疗法结合电刺激对脑卒中单侧忽略的作用

目的:观察强制性使用运动疗法结合反馈式功能性电刺激对脑卒中单侧空间忽略患者的临床疗效。方法:脑卒中并伴有单侧空间忽略障碍的患者60例,随机分为2组各30例,对照组给予常规的康复治疗和强制性使用运动疗法训练,观察组在此基础上增加反馈式功能性电刺激治疗,治疗前后均进行二等分线段、删除试验和临摹图形评定,凯瑟琳-波哥量表(CBS)评价法、上下肢Fugl-Meyer评价法(FMA),评估患者的单侧空间忽略程度和运动功能。结果:治疗6周后,2组二等分线段、删除试验和临摹图形试验、CBS、FMA评定均有明显好转(P0.05),且观察组各项评定指标均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:强制性使用运动疗法结合反馈式功能性电刺激治疗可有效改善脑卒中单侧空间忽略患者单侧忽略的程度,提高肢体运动功能,让患者能够更好地参与到日常生活中。     

Behavioral assessment of unilateral neglect: study of the psychometric properties of the Catherine Bergego Scale

OBJECTIVE: To assess the psychometric properties of a scale for spatial neglect in everyday life. DESIGN: Validation study. SETTING: A neurologic rehabilitation unit in a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-three consecutive right-hemisphere stroke patients. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) was used to assess neglect behavior and anosognosia. Its sensitivity was compared with that of 3 conventional tests. The inner structure of the scale was studied by principal component analysis. In addition, linearity, unidimensionality, and reliability of the scale were tested through Rasch analysis. RESULTS: Behavioral assessment correlated significantly to, but was more sensitive than, conventional tests. Anosognosia correlated significantly with neglect severity, although individual dissociations occurred. Factorial analysis disclosed a single underlying factor, explaining 65.8% of total variance. Rasch analysis also revealed that the 10 items defined a common, single ability continuum with widespread measurement range and quite regular item distribution, and showed a satisfactory reliability. CONCLUSION: Behavioral assessment proved to be more sensitive than conventional paper and pencil tasks. Both conventional statistics and Rasch analysis suggest that the CBS is reliable and valid, and that the 10 items define a homogeneous construct.     

脑卒中患者偏侧忽略线分法试验中线段位置对结果的影响

目的研究线分法试验中线段位置对不同程度偏侧忽略脑卒中患者线分结果的影响，探讨线段位置对线分结果影响的机制。方法根据凯瑟林一波哥量表（CatherineBergegoScale，CBS）检出26例首发脑卒中致左侧偏侧忽略的患者，分为轻度忽略组（15例）和重度忽略组（11例），20例年龄匹配的健康成人作为对照组。进行线分法检查时，让患者中分在Ag纸的左侧、中央和右侧的长度为10cm的水平线段。然后在另外一张同样的Ag纸上，先让患者标出他所看到的线段两端，然后再在标出的线段中央划一条垂直分隔线。计算分隔线右侧长度占所分隔线段长度的百分比。结果轻度忽略组与对照组在上述线分试验中所有结果的差异均无统计学意义。在标出线段两端前，重度忽略组患者分隔左侧及中央线段时分隔线较实际中点出现明显右移。重度忽略患者标记后的3条线段长度均明显短于对照组和轻度忽略组，缩短的原因是标记左侧端点时标记点明显右移。结论线段位置主要对重度偏侧忽略患者的线分结果有影响，其主要机制是重度偏侧忽略患者所看到的线段均较实际线段短，忽略了所有位置线段的左侧端，这种忽略程度白左向右逐渐减轻。     

线分法与行为偏侧忽略的相关性研究

目的 研究线分法与行为偏侧忽略的相关性，探讨线分法能否预测行为偏侧忽略。方法 根据行为偏侧忽略的评估量表——凯瑟林一波哥量表将30例脑卒中致左侧偏瘫的患者分为4组：严重偏侧忽略组，中度偏侧忽略组，轻度偏侧忽略组和无偏侧忽略组。11例年龄匹配的健康成人作为对照组。进行线分法检查时，在A4纸的左侧、中央和右侧分别画6条水平线段，让患者用右手持圆珠笔在线的中央划一垂直分隔线。计算分隔线右侧长度占该线段全长的百分比。结果 除轻度偏侧忽略组外，被分割线段空间的位置对其它各组人员的线分结果有明显影响。严重偏侧忽略组、无偏侧忽略组、对照组出现线分法中的位置“反转效应（crossovereffect）”。严重偏侧忽略组的患者在分隔A4纸左侧及中央的线段时出现向右的偏差，而在分隔A4纸右侧的线段时出现向左的偏差。在无偏侧忽略组及对照组，被检人员在分隔A4纸左侧线段时出现向左的偏差，而在分隔中央及右侧线段时出现向右的偏差。结论 本研究表明线分法中的位置“反转效应”若出现在位于患者右侧的线段，则强烈提示患者有重度行为偏侧忽略。     

探讨不同强度运动想象疗法对单侧空间忽略患者恢复的影响

目的 探讨不同强度下运动想象疗法对脑卒中单侧空间忽略患者的康复效果。方法 选取2019年7月-12月收治的单侧空间忽略患者45例,将其随机分为常规训练组、强化训练组和对照组,每组15例。3组均给予常规脑卒中康复护理,常规训练组每天在护士指导下增加1次运动想象疗法,每次30 min;强化训练组则每天增加2次运动想象疗法,上午、下午各1次,每次30 min;整个治疗周期为8周。康复护理前后采用凯瑟琳-波哥量表(Catherine Bergego scale,CBS)、Barthel指数(Barthel index, BI)和Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评估3组单侧空间忽略的程度、生活活动能力和平衡功能。结果 经过8周的康复护理,3组CBS、Barthel指数、BBS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=5.462,P=0.018;F=111.700,P<0.001;F=222.955,P<0.001),强化训练组CBS评分低于常规训练组和对照组,Barthel指数和BBS评分高于常规训练组和对照组(P＜0.05)。讨论 运动想象疗法能改善脑卒中偏瘫患者单侧空间忽略的程度,高强度的运动想象疗法在单侧空间忽略的程度、日常生活活动能力和平衡功能改善方面效果更显著。     

音乐疗法对脑卒中所致单侧空间忽略的疗效观察

目的:观察应用音乐疗法对脑卒中单侧空间忽略患者的临床疗效。方法:将发病3个月内的54例脑卒中后偏侧忽略患者随机观察组和对照组,各27例。2组患者均接受常规康复治疗及宣教,观察组在此基础上予以音乐疗法干预,共8周。治疗前后采用凯瑟琳-波哥量表检查(CBS)、上肢简易Fugl-Meyer评分(FMA)和改良Barthel指数(MBI)评估2组患者单侧忽略的程度、上肢运动控制情况及日常生活活动能力的变化。结果:治疗8周后,2组CBS评分均较治疗前明显降低(均P0.05),观察组更低于对照组(P0.05);2组FMA及MBI评分较治疗前明显提高(均P0.05),观察组更高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:音乐疗法可在卒中后发病初期有效改善单侧空间忽略患者单侧忽略的程度,提高患者的上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力。     

Use of the FIM instrument in a trial of intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: This study is a secondary analysis of results from the Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group multicenter trial. We investigated the effect of interferon beta-1a on disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), using the FIM instrument to assess levels of decline in total, motor, and cognitive items. DESIGN: Of the 301 patients enrolled in the trial, 274 subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with baseline FIM and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were studied in this secondary analysis. Mildly disabled patients were chosen, as indicated by a Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 1.0-3.5. Matched subjects were assigned to receive either interferon beta-1a or placebo. Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale and FIM scores were measured serially every 6 mo. Failure was defined as a 4-point reduction in total FIM score sustained for 6 mo. Analysis was by Kaplan-Meier methodology. The Mann-Whitney test (log rank) compared mean change and Spearman's rank-correlation test determined correlation. RESULT: A significant difference in treatment groups was seen, with a FIM score decline of > or = 4 points, with placebo subjects demonstrating greater loss of function than subjects treated with interferon beta-1a. There was no statistically significant difference in total, cognitive, or motor activities, with a decline of < or = 3 points. CONCLUSION: Disability, as measured by the FIM instrument, was slowed by treatment with interferon beta-1a compared with placebo. The treatment effect determined using the FIM instrument, with its motor and cognitive components, indicates an additional level of response to therapy for mild to moderate multiple sclerosis.     

Recovery of functional status after right hemisphere stroke: relationship with unilateral neglect

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate relationships between unilateral spatial neglect and both overall and cognitive-communicative functional outcomes in patients with right hemisphere stroke. DESIGN: Assessment of overall and cognitive-communicative function was conducted on admission to acute rehabilitation, at discharge, and at 3-month follow-up. SETTING: Urban, acute inpatient rehabilitation facility. PATIENTS: Fifty-two consecutive admissions of adult right-handed patients with a single, right hemispheric stroke, confirmed by computed tomography scan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The FIM instrument and reading comprehension and written expression items of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Functional Assessment Scale(R). RESULTS: Patients made significant functional gains between admission and discharge, and between discharge and follow-up on the FIM. Severity of neglect was correlated with total, motor, and cognitive FIM scores at admission, discharge, and follow-up. Subjects with neglect had significantly more days from onset to admission and a longer length of rehabilitation stay than subjects without neglect. FIM outcomes were significantly different for subject groups with more severe neglect. Both the presence of neglect and its severity were significantly related to functional outcomes for reading and writing. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with neglect show reduced overall and cognitive-communicative functional performance and outcome than patients without neglect. Further studies are needed to explore causal relationships between these factors.     

Use of fresnel prism glasses to treat stroke patients with hemispatial neglect

OBJECTIVE: To explore the functional effects of prism adaptation training on patients with hemispatial neglect after stroke. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation unit in rural Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Four subjects with hemispatial neglect, recruited from consecutive admissions of patients less than 60 days poststroke. INTERVENTION: Prism adaptation treatment, consisting of five 10-minute training sessions over 12 to 17 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The FIM instrument, Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), subjective straight ahead pointing, Albert's line cancellation, letter cancellation, and line bisection. Ambulatory patients also performed the Timed Up & Go test. RESULTS: Immediate effects of prism adaptation training included improvements in both subjective straight ahead pointing and in the Albert's line cancellation task. Letter cancellation, line bisection, FIM, and CBS scores improved in all subjects. Improvements in a functional task were also observed immediately following prism adaptation treatment. Obstacle avoidance while walking improved after prism adaptation training in 2 ambulatory subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Prism adaptation training shows promise as a new treatment to supplement current strategies for the clinical management of hemispatial neglect after stroke. This study is limited by small sample size and absence of a control group. Further research will be needed to demonstrate efficacy for this inexpensive and relatively safe device.     

Recovery from unilateral neglect after right-hemisphere stroke

Purpose:?To show the recovery process for different forms of unilateral neglect (UN)—including personal neglect and neglect of far space—in relationship to impairment, disability, cognition and mood.

Method:?Patients were tested at 2?–?4 weeks, at 6 months and at 1 year. We used the Behaviour Inattention Test and a test for personal neglect. We also used the NIH Stroke Scale, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Mini-Mental State Evaluation and the Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results:?Peripersonal neglect diminishes within 6 months, but complete recovery occurred in only 13%. The prognosis for personal neglect and neglect of far space is better, with a recovery ratio at 6 months of 52% and 46%, respective. The correlations between UN and FIM are high. A few patients deteriorate in the absence of recurrent stroke.

Conclusions:?For clinical purposes, it is practical to postpone UN evaluation until a couple of weeks after a stroke. Many of the patients who then have UN are likely to retain their UN, although many will improve. Patients with UN should receive special attention in the rehabilitation phase, as well as at discharge. One explanation of the worsening of UN seen in some patients, may be continuing cerebral atherosclerosis.     

Recovery from unilateral neglect after right-hemisphere stroke

Purpose: To show the recovery process for different forms of unilateral neglect (UN)—including personal neglect and neglect of far space—in relationship to impairment, disability, cognition and mood.

Method: Patients were tested at 2 - 4 weeks, at 6 months and at 1 year. We used the Behaviour Inattention Test and a test for personal neglect. We also used the NIH Stroke Scale, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Mini-Mental State Evaluation and the Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results: Peripersonal neglect diminishes within 6 months, but complete recovery occurred in only 13%. The prognosis for personal neglect and neglect of far space is better, with a recovery ratio at 6 months of 52% and 46%, respective. The correlations between UN and FIM are high. A few patients deteriorate in the absence of recurrent stroke.

Conclusions: For clinical purposes, it is practical to postpone UN evaluation until a couple of weeks after a stroke. Many of the patients who then have UN are likely to retain their UN, although many will improve. Patients with UN should receive special attention in the rehabilitation phase, as well as at discharge. One explanation of the worsening of UN seen in some patients, may be continuing cerebral atherosclerosis.     

Psychometric evaluation of neglect assessment reveals motor-exploratory predictor of functional disability in acute-stage spatial neglect

Goedert KM, Chen P, Botticello A, Masmela JR, Adler U, Barrett AM. Psychometric evaluation of neglect assessment reveals motor-exploratory predictor of functional disability in acute-stage spatial neglect.ObjectiveTo determine the psychometric properties of 2 neglect measures, the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT)-conventional and the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), in acute spatial neglect. Spatial neglect is a failure or slowness to respond, orient, or initiate action toward contralesional stimuli, associated with functional disability that impedes stroke recovery. Early identification of specific neglect deficits may identify patients likely to experience chronic disability. However, psychometric evaluation of assessments has focused on subacute/chronic populations.DesignCorrelational/psychometric study.SettingInpatient rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsScreening identified 51 consecutive patients with a right-hemisphere stroke with left neglect (BIT score <129 or CBS score >11) tested an average of 22.3 days poststroke.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresWe obtained BIT, CBS, and Barthel Index assessments for each participant and clinical and laboratory measures of perceptual-attentional and motor-intentional deficits.ResultsThe BIT showed good reliability and loaded onto a single factor. Consistent with our theoretical prediction, principal components analysis of the CBS identified 2 underlying factors: Where perceptual-attentional items (CBS-PA) and embodied, motor-exploratory items (CBS-ME). The CBS-ME uniquely predicted deficits in activities of daily living (ADLs) assessed by using the Barthel Index, but did not predict clinical and laboratory assessments of motor-intentional bias. More severe neglect on the CBS-PA correlated with greater Where perceptual-attentional bias on clinical and laboratory tests, but did not uniquely predict deficits in ADLs.ConclusionsOur results indicate that assessments of spatial neglect may be used to detect specific motor-exploratory deficits in spatial neglect. Obtaining CBS-ME scores routinely might improve the detection of acute-stage patients with spatial action deficits requiring increased assistance that may persist to the chronic stage.     

Reliability and construct validity studies of an obstacle course assessment of wheelchair user performance

The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of an obstacle course assessment of wheelchair user performance (OCAWUP). Seventeen experienced wheelchair users using three different propulsion methods (two hands, one hand and one foot or motorized wheelchair) were assessed twice on the 10 obstacles of the OCAWUP. To evaluate reliability, time (in seconds) and degree of ease (DE) in overcoming obstacles (four-level scale) were assessed by three occupational therapists. Construct validity was assessed by verifying whether the OCAWUP's global score of ease (GSE) varied with wheelchair propulsion methods and the functional independence measure (FIM). Intraclass correlation coefficients calculated for reliability of time and GSE were up to 0.74 for test-retest reliability and up to 0.97 for interrater reliability. Cohen's kappa coefficients calculated for DE reliabilities varied from 0.09 to 1.0 with degrees of association up to 65%. A significant difference (P相似文献   

Generalization of Prism Adaptation for Wheelchair Driving Task in Patients With Unilateral Spatial Neglect

Watanabe S, Amimoto K. Generalization of prism adaptation for wheelchair driving task in patients with unilateral spatial neglect.

Objectives

To verify the efficacy of prism adaptation as a practical means of rehabilitation for subjects with unilateral spatial neglect by conducting goal-directed tasks in the presence of similar visual flankers in the right hemispace using an activity of daily living, namely, wheelchair operation.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Rehabilitation center located in Japan.

Participants

Patients with unilateral spatial neglect (N=10).

Intervention

Prism adaptation.

Main Outcome Measures

A midpoint-directed task in which the subject faces the center of 2 symbols placed in front and moves the wheelchair toward it, and a goal-directed task in which the subject must differentiate a single target from multiple symbols and move the wheelchair toward it.

Results

In the midpoint-directed task, there was a significant shift in the reach position bias from +27.7cm prior to prism adaptation to +3.1cm after prism adaptation (P<.01). In the goal-directed task, the time taken to reach the outer left target decreased from 21.2 seconds prior to prism adaptation to 11.8 seconds after prism adaptation, and the difference between placement of the targets was eliminated.

Conclusions

Prism adaptation exhibited the potential to generalize the effects on activities of daily living such as driving a wheelchair and to ameliorate unilateral spatial neglect even in the presence of right-hemispace flankers. Prism adaptation is an effective therapeutic modality in rehabilitation because it prevents the appearance of neglect symptoms despite situational or contextual changes.     

Effect of Missed Items on the Reliability of the Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process

ObjectiveTo determine the maximum permissible number of missed items on the 10-item Catherine Bergego Scale administered after the Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process (KF-NAP). Secondary objectives were to determine the frequency, characteristics, and most commonly cited reasons reported for missed items.DesignRetrospective diagnostic accuracy study.SettingSixteen inpatient rehabilitation facilities in the United States.ParticipantsA consecutive clinical sample of 4256 patients (N=4256) with stroke or other neurologic deficits who were assessed for spatial neglect with the KF-NAP.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresCatherine Bergego Scale via KF-NAP.ResultsThe majority (69.7%) of patients had at least 1 missed item on their KF-NAP. Among those with missed items, it was most common to have 2 missed items (51.4%), and few had more than 3 missed items (11.3%). The most commonly missed items were Collisions (37.2%), Cleaning After Meals (36.1%), Meals (34.0%), and Navigation (19.7%). The most commonly reported reasons for missed items included time constraints, cognitive or communication deficits, and behavior or refusal of the therapy session. These reasons were reported for nearly all item types. Item-specific reasons were also commonly reported, such as a lack of a needed resource for task completion or low functional status of the patient. Prorated scoring of measures with up to 3 missed items maintained an acceptable level of concordance with complete measures (Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient=0.96, 95% CI, 0.9478-0.9626) for the combination of 3 missed items with lowest concordance.ConclusionsClinicians should make every effort to capture all items on the KF-NAP. However, missed items occur in the majority of cases because of patient factors and barriers inherent to the inpatient hospital setting. When missed items are necessary, clinicians can confidently interpret a prorated score when 7 or more items are scored.     

Computer-assisted training for improving wheelchair mobility in unilateral neglect patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a computer-assisted training (CAT) program for patients with left unilateral neglect would decrease symptoms of this disorder. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation unit of a government medical center. PATIENTS: Twenty right-handed patients who showed left unilateral neglect on screening measures (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, Random Letter Cancellation Test) were assigned to a CAT treatment group; and 20 patients who showed similar levels of unilateral neglect on the screening measures were assigned to a control group. INTERVENTIONS: All subjects were inpatients in an acute rehabilitation unit and received rehabilitation therapy, including physical and occupational therapy. The treatment group received the experimental, CAT program, 12 to 20 sessions of about 45 minutes each. Treatment consisted of 5 modules, each of increasing complexity, to improve attention to stimuli in the left hemisphere, and 2 simulated wheelchair obstacle courses to propel a wheelchair while avoiding obstacles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Computer tasks designed for this study (Video Tracking Test, Video Obstacle Course Test), a real-life wheelchair obstacle course (WCOC), and incident reports indicating falls and accidents. RESULTS: Trained subjects performed significantly better on the WCOC than control subjects (F(1,36) = 23.41, p = .00003). Also, trained subjects had fewer incident reports than control subjects during their hospitalization (chi(2)(1,)(n)(=38) = 5.15, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS: CAT can reduce unilateral neglect symptoms on experimental tasks and some measures of accident risk.     

Combined optokinetic stimulation and cueing-assisted reading therapy to treat hemispatial neglect: A randomized controlled crossover trial

BackgroundHemispatial neglect is a disabling cognitive disorder following stroke and effective therapies are required.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of combined optokinetic stimulation (OKS) and cueing-assisted reading therapy (READ) on the remission of hemispatial neglect following stroke.MethodsRandomized, controlled, two-period, crossover trial conducted at a German neurorehabilitation center. Twenty participants with left neglect following right hemispheric stroke (mean age 66 years (SD 11), mean time since stroke 50 days (SD 33)) finished the trial (12 received OKSREAD first, 8 CONTROL first). The intervention consisted of 15 daily sessions of OKS (20 min) and text reading assisted by a therapist providing cues (20 min). The control treatment was a same-number, same-length neuropsychological treatment not targeting visuospatial attention. Primary outcomes were the change in performance of a customized neuropsychological test battery for neglect (0% worst - 100% best) and a test of neglect-related functional disability (Catherine Bergego Scale, 0 no impairment - 30 severest impairment), assessed before and after each treatment period. Secondary outcomes were performance in the 6 single tests composing the battery (e.g., omissions in text reading, center of cancellation in the Bells test, spatial bias of fixations when freely viewing photographs) and a clinical test of anosognosia.ResultsOverall performance in the neglect test battery improved slightly more after OKSREAD than after CONTROL (d=6%; p=0.002). The remission of neglect-related functional disability did not differ between treatments (d=-2; p=0.291). Ipsilesional fixation bias during free viewing was the only secondary outcome that was improved by OKSREAD as compared to CONTROL (d= -2.8°; p=0.005).ConclusionAt the applied intensity, the combined OKSREAD intervention slightly attenuated the ipsilesional attention bias in persons with neglect, but it did not improve neglect-related functional disability, anosognosia, or other neglect symptoms to a clinically meaningful degree.Clinical trial registrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04273620.