血管内皮生长因子表达与食管鳞癌临床病理的关系

目的 了解食管鳞癌组织中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的变化及其与临床病理的关系。方法 采用ABC方法测定食管鳞癌高发区74例食管鳞癌组织中VEGF蛋白的表达。结果 74例食管鳞癌组织中VEGF阳性表达为60.8%（45/74例）,VEGF阳性表达与食管鳞癌组织中肿瘤细胞增殖、浸润和淋巴结转移有相关性。VEGF在食管鳞癌中的表达存在有异质性。结论 VEGF蛋白在食管鳞癌的增殖、浸润和转移过程中起重要作用。     

老年食管鳞癌患者术后组织中乙醛脱氢酶1和血管内皮生长因子表达的临床意义

<正>食管鳞癌病情进展快,预后差。近来多项研究显示患者病变进展中多种基因和蛋白出现明显变化。乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)1是ALDH家族的重要成员,参与机体多种组织的分化和基因表达,也是正常干细胞分化的重要物质〔1〕。近年来学者发现其在恶性肿瘤中表达明显升高〔2〕。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是重要的血管生成促进因子,可以引起肿瘤间质新生血管的形成〔3〕。本实验检测食管鳞癌中ALDH1和VEGF的表达及二者的关系。     

胶质瘤组织表皮生长因子受体和血管内皮生长因子的表达及意义

目的观察胶质瘤中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达特点及对预后的判断意义。方法胶质瘤患者93例为观察组,正常脑组织70例为对照组,应用免疫组织化学技术,分别检测二组中EGFR和VEGF表达特点,观察二者表达与不同病理特征的差别及相关性。结果胶质瘤中EGFR和VEGF表达阳性率明显高于对照组,二种蛋白表达阳性率与肿瘤最大直径、胶质瘤分级及Ki67表达密切相关,且肿瘤中EGFR和VEGF表达呈正相关性。结论 EGFR和VEGF在胶质瘤中高表达,二者具有协同作用,共同促进肿瘤发生发展,术后检测EG-FR和VEGF表达可能对判断胶质瘤预后有一定价值。     

畸胎瘤细胞源性生长因子和血管内皮生长因子在食管鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨食管鳞癌(ESCC)中畸胎瘤细胞源性生长因子(PCDGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达与肿瘤临床病理参数之间的关系,明确PCDGF和VEGF在血管生成中的作用.方法 以免疫组化方法检测郑州大学第一附属医院2005年7月至2006年5 月收治的50例食管鳞癌患者手术切除标本PCDGF与VEGF的表达,并以CD105抗体标记肿瘤组织血管内皮细胞,计算肿瘤间质微血管密度(MVD).结果 食管鳞癌中PCDGF、VEGF的表达较正常食管上皮明显增加(P＜0.01);PCDGF和VEGF与肿瘤的浸润深度、TNM分期和淋巴结转移呈正相关(P均＜0.05);PCDGF、VEGF的表达与MVD值呈显著正相关(P＜0.01);PCDGF的表达与VEGF的表达呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 PCDGF标记癌组织的敏感性较高,有望成为一种新的食管鳞癌肿瘤标志物.食管鳞癌中PCDGF、VEGF的表达与血管生成关系密切,可能通过促进肿瘤新生血管生成参与肿瘤的生长、浸润和转移.     

环氧化酶2、血管内皮生长因子C/血管内皮生长因子受体3与肺癌淋巴转移

淋巴转移是肺癌转移途径之一.在肺癌淋巴转移过程中,血管内皮生长因子及其受体家族发挥了重要的作用.尤其是淋巴内皮特异性受体血管内皮生长因子受体3及其配体血管内皮生长因子C对促进淋巴管生长具有关键的作用.同时近年研究表明环氧化酶2与肺癌淋巴转移呈正相关.环氧化酶2、血管内皮生长因子C/血管内皮生长因子受体3有望成为肺癌淋巴管转移靶向治疗的新靶点.     

血管内皮生长因子在脊髓血管畸形中的表达

目的探讨脊髓动静脉畸形（SAVMs）、脊髓海绵状血管瘤（CMs）患者畸形血管中，血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达及其影响因素。方法SAVMs患者31例、CMs患者17例。取10例尸体解剖正常脊髓标本做对照组。采用免疫组化SP法染色，观察VEGF的表达。结果正常脊髓组织血管未见VEGF阳性表达；SAVMs和CMs畸形血管壁VEGF阳性细胞分别为75．6％和53．3％。术前近期有出血者VEGF表达较未出血者增强，P〈0．05；术前行畸形血管团栓塞可造成VEGF表达增强。在SAVMs中，血管内膜与中膜YEGF表达较外膜明显，P〈0．05；类动脉和类静脉中均有VEGF表达，类动脉壁VEGF表达阳性细胞数多于类静脉。结论VEGF在SAVMs与CMs中，均有不同程度的表达，出血和栓塞可以影响VEGF的表达。     

转化生长因子β1在食管鳞癌中表达的临床研究

背景：转化生长因子(TGF)-β1在多种肿瘤的发生、发展和凋亡过程中发挥重要作用，但其在食管癌中的作用及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系尚未明确。目的：研究TGF-β1在食管癌中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测45例食管鳞癌组织和10例正常食管组织中TGF-β1的表达和肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)。应用SPSS10．0统计软件分析TGF-β1的表达与食管癌临床病理参数、预后和肿瘤MVD的关系。结果：正常食管组织黏膜细胞未见异常染色；食管痛患者的TGF-β1表达阳性率为77．8％(35/45)，肿瘤MVD半均值为15．58。TGF-β1的表达与食管癌临床病理参数和预后无关，但与肿瘤MVD显著相关(r=0．428，P=0．003)。结论：TGF-β1的表达与食管鳞癌的发生有关，但与其进展无关。TGF-β1在食管鳞癌的血管生成中可能具有一定作用。     

pN0早期胃癌血管内皮生长因子C、D及其受体-3的表达与淋巴结微转移的关系

目的 探讨pN0早期胃癌血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)-C、VEGF-D及VEGF受体(VEGFR)-3的表达与淋巴结微转移的关系.方法 收集2005年1月至2010年1月61份pN0早期胃癌手术后石蜡标本,采用免疫组织化学法检测61份pN0早期胃癌和25份癌旁组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D及VEGFR-3的表达及868个HE染色阴性淋巴结CAM5.2的表达.评估61份pN0早期胃癌患者的淋巴结微转移发生率,采用t检验、x2检验或Fisher精确概率法分析pN0早期胃癌VEGF-C、VEGF-D和VEGFR-3的表达与淋巴结微转移的关系.结果 pN0早期胃癌中,各有3.4％ (21/61)VEGF-C、VEGF-D呈高表达,44.3％ (27/61) VEGFR-3呈高表达,分别高于癌旁组织[VEGF-C、VEGF-D和VEGFR-3高表达率分别12.0％(3/25)、8.0％ (2/25)、16.0％(4/25),x2=4.433、6.321、6.144,P均＜0.05];10例(16.4％)发现淋巴结微转移.pN0早期胃癌中VEGFR-3染色脉管侵犯(FVI)阴性者VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGFR-3低表达多于FVI阳性者(x2=15.828、6.879、9.244,P均＜0.05);VEGF-C及VEGFR-3高表达与浸润深度(x2=5.561、5.678,P均＜0.05)、VEGFR-3阳性染色脉管密度(FVD)(t=2.987、5.652,P均＜0.01)及淋巴结微转移(x2=6.705、6.192,P均＜0.05)相关,与分化程度无关(P均＞0.05),而VEGF-D高表达与浸润深度、FVD及淋巴结微转移均无关(P均＞0.05),却与分化程度相关(x2=8.472,P=0.004);VEGF-C、VEGF-D及VEGFR-3高表达均与性别、年龄及癌灶大小、部位、大体分型无关(P均＞0.05).结论 pN0早期胃癌VEGF-C与VEGFR-3高表达与淋巴结微转移相关,虽然VEGF-D高表达与淋巴结微转移无关,但仍可能通过VEGF-C-VEGFR-3信号轴间接影响pN0早期胃癌的淋巴结微转移.     

急性白血病患者血管内皮生长因子及其受体表达的临床意义

目的 :探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及其受体 (VEGFR)在成人急性白血病 (AL)中的表达、对临床疗效和预后的影响以及与多药耐药的关系。方法 :采用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)方法检测 6 4例成人AL患者VEGF、VEGFR 1、VEGFR 2、mdr 1mRNA表达水平。结果 :VEGF基因在AL组中表达的平均水平和阳性率均高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。其中急性粒细胞白血病 (AML)组广泛表达 ,明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而急性淋巴细胞白血症 (ALL)组的表达与正常对照组相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。AL组VEG FR 1表达阳性率高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;VEGFR 2表达阳性率与正常对照组相比无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。VEGF表达水平在临床耐药组高于临床敏感组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,是影响缓解率和生存期的危险因素。VEGF与mdr 1表达无相关关系。结论 :VEGF及VEGFR 1基因在成人AL患者中有异常表达 ,是影响成人AL患者临床疗效和预后的因素之一。     

Ang-2在食管鳞癌血管生成中的作用

应用免疫组化SP法检测食管鳞癌及食管断端正常鳞状上皮中促血管生成素（Ang）-2、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达,以及CD105标记的微血管密度（MVD）。结果显示,Ang-2蛋白表达主要定位于肿瘤细胞的胞质和胞膜,尤其是癌灶边缘血管重建区。食管鳞癌组织中Ang-2和VEGF蛋白表达显著高于食管断端正常鳞状上皮（P〈0．01）,癌组织中Ang-2表达程度与VEGF表达程度及MVD呈明显正相关（P〈0．01,〈0．05）。提示食管鳞癌组织中Ang-2高水平表达可能促进肿瘤新生血管形成．促进食管鳞癌的发生发展。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-c (VEGF-C) mRNA and microvessel density (MVD) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its relationship with clinical significance. METHODS: Specimens obtained from 43 patients undergoing surgical resection for ESCC were used in this study. The expression of VEGF-C mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization. Tumor MVD was determined immunohistochemically with anti-CD31 antibody and estimated by image analysis. Ten sections of adjacent normal mucosa were also examined. RESULTS: VEGF-C mRNA expression was detected in cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. Of the 43 ESCC patients studied, 18 cases (41.9%) were positive for VEGF-C mRNA. No VEGF-C mRNA expression was observed in normal esophageal mucosa. VEGF-C mRNA expression correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and depth of invasion (P < 0.05). Furthermore, histological grade (differentiation) tended to correlate with VEGF-C mRNA expression, but was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In tumor lesions, the MVD was significantly greater than that in normal esophageal mucosa. MVD correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and depth of invasion (P < 0.05), but not with histological grade (differentiation) (P > 0.05). Lesions with VEGF-C mRNA expression had a significantly higher MVD than that of those without VEGF-C mRNA expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: VEGF-C plays a role in lymphatic metastasis via lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in ESCC. VEGF-C is one of the important predictors of the biological behavior in ESCC.     

Clinicopathological significance of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and cyclooxygenase-2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is a specific growth factor of lymphatics, which is known to play some role in tumor growth and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs in various malignancies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of VEGF-C in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) to elucidate its role in tumor progression and lymph node metastasis. Another aim of the study was to investigate the relation between VEGF-C and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in ESCC. METHODS: The expression of VEGF-C and COX-2 in ESCC was evaluated in 13 endoscopic mucosal resection specimens and in 21 surgical specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: The degree of VEGF-C expression increased as the depth of primary tumor progressed (r = 0.521, P = 0.002), the stage progressed (r = 0.572, P < 0.001), and the degree of COX-2 expression increased (r = 0.387, P = 0.024). The VEGF-C positive rate was different between early cancers in which regional lymph node metastasis was thought to be absent and advanced cancers in which regional lymph node metastases were confirmed after surgery (20.0% vs 100.0%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The VEGF-C expression in ESCC is related to COX-2 expression, and VEGF-C is also associated with the depth of primary tumor, the stage, and probably lymph node metastasis. Thus the investigation of VEGF-C expression in ESCC may assist in management planning.     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Background/Aims: Vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) is thought to be an important factor in tumor angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been fully investigated. Methods: We immunohistochemically examined VEGF‐C expression in surgically resected tissues of 90 HCC. Results: In the 78 HCC with a single histological grade, VEGF‐C expression was significantly stronger in poorly differentiated HCC than in well‐ (P = 0.003) or moderately differentiated HCC (P = 0.0002). A ‘nodule‐in‐nodule’ case presented VEGF‐A expression in the well‐differentiated component and VEGF‐C expression in the moderately–poorly differentiated component. According to nodular diameter, VEGF‐C expression was significantly higher in nodules of 3.0 cm or larger (P = 0.0263). Extrahepatic metastases seen in seven cases expressed VEGF‐C. In 20 of the 28 cases who were able to be followed up, the frequency of intrahepatic recurrence tended to be higher and extrahepatic metastasis was significantly higher in the cases who had VEGF‐C expression in the tumor casts of the intrahepatic portal/hepatic vein branches than other cases without the expression (P = 0.0139). Disease‐free survival time tended to be shorter in cases with VEGF‐C expression in tumor casts of the portal/hepatic vein than in those without VEGF‐C expression (P = 0.053; log–rank test). Conclusions: VEGF‐C expression is related to the progression of HCC, and VEGF‐C expression in tumor casts of the intrahepatic portal/hepatic vein is considered to be a factor indicating recurrence/metastasis sites.     

血管内皮生长因子在食管癌中的表达及意义

为探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与食管癌生物学行为之间的关系,采用免疫组化SABC法检测了46例食管癌患者癌组织标本中的VEGF表达情况及微血管密度（MVD）。结果21例（45．65％）VEGF呈阳性表达;肿瘤浸润深度局限于肌层以内者的阳性表达率为30．43％,侵及外膜及邻近器官者为60．87％,差异有显著意义（P＜0．05）;肿瘤分化程度为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级者的VEGF阳性表达率显著高于I级者（P分别＜0．05、0．01）;各食管癌分期（PTNM）VEGF阳性表达率之间无显著差异（P＞0．05）;有、无淋巴结转移者的VEGF阳性表达率无显著差异（P＞0．05）。VEGF阳性者MVD值明显高于阴性者（P＜0．05）,其5年生存率（14．29％）低于VEGF阴性者（56％）,P＜0．05）。认为VEGF阳性表达与食管癌的分化程度、浸润深度有关,与食管癌的肿瘤大小、临床病理分期、淋巴结转移无关;VEGF阳性表达与食管癌的MVD密切相关;VEGF阳性表达者术后预后差;VEGF可为食管癌的诊断、预后判断及治疗方案选择提供重要依据。     

胃癌组织中肝素酶和血管内皮生长因子-C的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中肝素酶和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）-C蛋白表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测97例原发性胃癌组织、癌旁组织及20例正常胃黏膜组织中肝素酶和VEGFC蛋白的表达，并分析其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果胃癌组织肝素酶和VEGF—C蛋白表达阳性率分别为61．9％和66．0％，显著高于癌旁组织的7．2％和5．0％，正常胃组织的8．3％和5．0％（P值均〈0．01）；肝素酶表达与肿瘤分化程度无关，但与肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、静脉侵犯、淋巴管侵犯、远处转移、浆膜面受累和TNM分期等密切相关；VEGF—C表达与肿瘤直径、分化程度、静脉侵犯及远处转移等无关，但与淋巴结转移、淋巴管侵犯、浆膜面受累和TNM分期等密切相关；肝素酶和VEGF—C阳性表达组术后生存率明显低于阴性组；在胃癌中肝素酶和VEGF—C阳性表达呈正相关。结论肝素酶及VEGF-C蛋白的阳性表达，可作为胃癌预后不良的参考指标。     

大肠癌组织中生长抑素和血管内皮生长因子-C的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨大肠癌组织中生长抑素（SS）和血管内皮生长因子-C（VEGF-C）的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测60例大肠癌组织及20例正常大肠黏膜组织中SS蛋白和VEGF-C蛋白的表达，采用VEGF-C受体FLT-4阳性脉管标记淋巴管计数，分析SS与大肠癌淋巴管生成、转移的关系。结果SS蛋白表达阳性率在大肠癌组及正常大肠黏膜组分别为37．7％和65％，VEGF-C在癌及正常组阳性表达率分别为60％和30％，差别均有显著性；SS表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、淋巴管侵犯及远处转移密切相关，与浆面膜受累无关；VEGF-C表达与肿瘤淋巴结转移，淋巴管侵犯及远处转移密切相关，而与肿瘤分化和浆面膜受累无关；大肠癌组织中SS和VEGF-C蛋白表达呈显著负相关。结论SS可能通过对VEGF-C／FLT-4信号通路的阻滞而抑制大肠癌淋巴管生成及转移。     

Expression of Nucleostemin, epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues

Objective  

To determine the expression of nucleostemin (NS), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and their association in a human ESCC cell line.     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in benign and malignant thyroid tumors

In contrast to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which stimulates angiogenesis, VEGF-C is thought to stimulate lymphangiogenesis. The role of VEGF-C in thyroid cancer pathogenesis has not been clarified. One might expect a different pattern of VEGF-C expression in the various types of thyroid cancer because of their different means of metastases. In this investigation, we determined whether the differential expression of VEGF-C might explain the different propensity to lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancers. One hundred eleven normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Papillary thyroid cancers had a higher VEGF-C expression than other thyroid malignancies (P < 0.0005 ANOVA). Among the normal thyroid tissues from patients with malignant or benign thyroid diseases, there was no significant difference in VEGF-C expression. Paired comparison of VEGF-C expression between thyroid cancers and normal thyroid tissues from the same patients showed a significant increase of VEGF-C expression in papillary thyroid cancer (1.10 +/- 0.41 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.13; P = 0.001) and a significant decrease of VEGF-C expression in medullary thyroid cancer (0.11 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.29; P = 0.001). In contrast, there was no significant difference of VEGF-C expression between cancer and normal tissues in other types of thyroid cancer. In summary, VEGF-C expression is increased in papillary thyroid cancer, compared with paired normal thyroid tissues, but not in other thyroid cancers that are also prone to lymph node metastasis. The lymphangiogenic role of VEGF-C in thyroid cancers therefore appears to be complex and other factors are likely to be also involved.