上海市高一年级新生心理健康状况调查研究

了解上海市高一年级新生心理健康状况的整体情况。采用问卷法对上海市6类不同中学的792名入学2个月内的高一年级新生进行了心理健康状况的调查,结果表明:在792名上海高一年级新生中,306名存在不同程度的心理健康问题(包括抑郁和焦虑),占38.6%。其中有焦虑症状226名,占28.5%;轻度焦虑142名,占17.9%;中度焦虑50名,占6.3%;重度焦虑34名,占4.2%;其中有抑郁症状248名,占31.3%;轻度抑郁160名,占20.2%;中度抑郁60名,占7.6%;重度抑郁28名,占3.5%。因此,心理健康问题广泛地存在于上海市高一年级新生中,社会、学校和家庭需要对上海市高一年级新生的心理健康状况广泛地关注。     

孤残大学生心理健康状况调查研究

目的了解孤残大学生心理健康状况。方法应用中国大学生心理健康量表对长沙民政职业技术学院100名机构孤残大学生进行调查。结果①孤残大学生心理健康水平与全国常模比,所有因子得分均低;②与在校大学生比,社交退缩因子差异极显著(P<0.001),强迫和冲动因子差异显著(P<0.05;P<0.05;P<0.01);③严重心理问题检出情况:躯体化检出率为6.6%,社交退缩为5.5%,精神病倾向为4.4%,焦虑、抑郁、性心理障碍、依赖均为3.3%,自卑、社交攻击、强迫均为2.2%,偏执为1.1%;④孤残大学生心理健康水平各因子性别差异均不显著。结论与全国常模比,孤残大学生总的心理健康状况良好;与在校大学生比,存在着社交退缩、强迫、冲动等问题;孤残大学生心理健康水平不存在性别差异。     

高一年级学生心理健康的现状调查

为了全面了解高一年级学生的心理健康状况,针对发现的问题提出有效的策略,本研究采用症状自评量表(SCL)-90中文版量表对高一年级500名学生进行了心理健康状况测查。结果发现:①19.7%的高一年级学生可能存在轻度的心理问题,16.4%的高一年级学生可能存在中度或以上的心理问题;②高一年级学生SCL-90因子分从高到低排列为强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性、躯体化、恐怖;③不同性别在抑郁和焦虑因子上的得分差异有统计学意义,女生的得分显著高于男生。     

西安某高校大学生焦虑状况的调查研究

目的了解西安某高校大学生的焦虑状况,为高校学生心理健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用由Zung于1971年编制的焦虑自评量表(SAS),对西安某高校132名大学生进行测评,其中女生47人,男生85人。结果全体学生SAS平均分为40.14±9.51分,按照SAS得分界定,焦虑症状检出率为18.2%,其中轻度为14.4%,中度为3.0%,重度为0.8%。男女生间无显著性差异(P>0.05),不同年级间存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。不同专业间存在显著性差异(P<0.01),不同生源间不存在差异(P>0.05)。结论大学生焦虑症状较为普遍存在,不容忽视。     

南充市中学生心理健康状况调查

目的:了解南充市中学生的心理健康状况,为中学生心理问题的干预提供理论依据。方法:分层抽取南充市6所中学的2400名在校学生进行调查。运用中学生心理健康量表(MSSMHS)评定中学生的心理健康状况。共收回有效问卷2227份。结果:南充市中学生心理问题检出率为52.8%,其中轻度44.1%,中度8.1%,重度0.6%。10个因子平均分排名前3位的分别是情绪不稳定、学习压力感和强迫症状。女生的敌对、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、总均分均显著高于男生(t=-2.08~-5.95,P0.05)。初中生、高中生心理问题检出率分别为52.7%、52.9%;中度以上心理问题检出率分别为10.6%、6.7%;初中生的强迫症状、偏执、敌对症状得分显著高于高中生(t=2.44~4.28,P0.05),而高中生的适应不良因子得分显著高于初中生(t=-3.38,P0.01)。初中生初一至初三心理问题检出率依次为:51.3%,55.0%,52.2%。高中生高一至高三心理问题检出率依次为:55.1%,50.6%,52.6%。结论:南充市中学生存在不同程度的心理问题;情绪不稳定、学习压力感是最突出的心理问题。     

师范院校大学生心理健康状况的调查与分析

目的 调查师范院校大学生心理健康状况.方法 采用王极盛编制的中国人心理健康量表,对3所师范院校1012名大学生的心理健康状况进行评定.结果 ①89.43%的师范院校大学生存在轻度以上心理健康问题,其中31.13%存在中度以上心理健康问题;主要表现在人际关系紧张、心理承受力差、适应性差、心理不平衡、情绪失调、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、偏执、躯体化等因子上.②师范院校大学生心理健康问题存在性别差异,男生多于女生;存在年级差异,三年级学生多于一年级学生;存在专业差异,文科生多于理科生.结论 ①师范院校大学生存在不同程度心理健康问题.②受不同因素影响,这些心理健康问题存在差异.     

应重视军校学员心理卫生教育

近年来 ,军校教育工作者采用国内通行的症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 )对学员调查 ,发现存在程度不同的心理问题。对军医大学 62 4人测查 ,有 81 .4 %的学员至少有一个因子分高于国内常模。心理健康状况严重程度依次为 :敌对、偏执、精神病性、焦虑和忧郁[1 ] 。对军校文科 1 76人测查 ,有72 .2 %存在轻度的不良心理反应、2 2 .7%存在明显的心理问题 ,9项因子分均高于国内青年组常模 [2 ]。笔者对本院工科 2 0 0人进行测量 ,结果有 3 1 %的人存在各类心理问题 ,心理障碍以强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁、偏执和敌对性等因子分居高 ,9项因子分也…     

硕士研究生新生心理健康状况的调查研究

目的:探讨硕士研究生新生的心理健康状况,为更有效的做好研究生的教育、管理工作提供心理学依据。方法:采用中国教育部编制的CSMHS对1293名硕士研究生新生进行调查,用SPSS统计软件对数据进行分析。结果:92.11%的硕士研究生新生无心理问题;7.89%存在不同程度的心理问题,其中5.26%存在较严重的心理问题,需要进一步的诊断和关注;不同的群体其心理健康状况不同。结论:硕士研究生新生整体心理健康状况良好,但仍须采取积极有力的教育措施提高其心理健康水平。     

中学生睡眠质量与生活事件及社交焦虑

目的探讨中学生睡眠质量的现状及睡眠质量与生活事件及社交焦虑的关系。方法采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取长沙市和湘潭市2836名青少年学生,采用自制一般情况问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)和交际焦虑量表(IAS)进行调查。结果 1中学生睡眠质量PSQI总分为(4.88±2.527)分,有14.7%的人存在睡眠问题;2中学生睡眠质量的危险因素包括农村、高中、非独生子女、家庭经济情况较差、家庭暴力、负性生活事件及社交焦虑;3中学生睡眠质量与负性生活事件和社交焦虑呈强相关(r=0.132~0.381,P<0.01),有无睡眠问题中学生间负性生活事件和社交焦虑存在显著差异(t=11.927,4.437;P<0.01)。结论负性生活事件和社交焦虑均对中学生睡眠质量产生较大的负面影响,应引起重视。     

汶川地震后某医学院护理新生心理状况研究

目的对汶川大地震后处于一般灾区的某医学院校大一护理新生的心理状况进行调查,并进行相关影响因素的研究,为该群体的心理健康教育与干预提供依据。方法以某医学院180名护理新生为调查对象,采用一般情况问卷、事件影响量表（IES）、贝克抑郁自评问卷（BDI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）对样本进行调查。结果 132名大学生IES总分≥20分,占总数的17.8%;有抑郁症状者占47.3%（轻度抑郁占20%,中度抑郁占26.7%,严重抑郁占0.6%）,有焦虑症状者占20%;2PTSD症状与暴露因素相关,与焦虑分和抑郁分呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）,与消极应对方式呈显著负相关（P〈0.01）。结论汶川大地震半年后处于一般灾区的某医学院校护理新生仍存在一定的心理问题,应该对他们开展适当的心理健康教育和心理干预工作。     

青年民工心理卫生状况调查分析

目的了解城市中青年民工的心理状况。方法采用SC-一90、SAS、SDS对106名城市中青年民工的心理卫生状况进行调查并与国内常模进行比较。结果青年民工心理问题发生率占60％,常见的心理问题为焦虑、抑郁、人际关系、敌对等,中度以上焦虑与抑郁的发生率分别为17．9％和16．9％。结论城市中青年民工具有较高的心理问题发生率,应引起全社会高度关注,对其进行早期干预。     

Quality of life in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review

There has been significant interest in the impact of anxiety disorders on quality of life. In this meta-analytic review, we empirically evaluate differences in quality of life between patients with anxiety disorders and nonclinical controls. Thirty-two patient samples from 23 separate studies (N=2892) were included in the analysis. The results yielded a large effect size indicating poorer quality of life among anxiety disorder patients vs. controls and this effect was observed across all anxiety disorders. Compared to control samples, no anxiety disorder diagnosis was associated with significantly poorer overall quality of life than was any other anxiety disorder diagnosis. Examination of specific domains of QOL suggests that impairments may be particularly prominent among patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. QOL domains of mental health and social functioning were associated with the highest levels of impairment among anxiety disorder patients. These findings are discussed in the context of future research on the assessment of quality of life in the anxiety disorders.     

地方师范院校大学新生心理健康测评与分析

目的了解地方师范院校大学新生的心理发展水平与心理健康状态;为大学新生建立心理档案积累资料。方法以症状自评量表（SCL-90）作为测量工具,以班级为单位施测。结果①4077名新生中534人有不同程度的心理问题,其中心理问题轻度的为380人,中度的为122人,严重的为32人;②新生出现的心理问题从重到轻依次为强迫、人际关系、焦虑、抑郁等;③2010级新生在躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性及其它因子上,得分低于全国常模,差异显著（t=-22.24,P〈0.01;t=-32.54,P〈0.001;t=-19.47,-5.89,-26.3,-26.67,-5.68,-29.49;P〈0.01）;新生中女生的抑郁、焦虑、恐怖3个因子分值较男生高,达到显著水平（F=11.06,P〈0.01;F=8.95,P〈0.05;F=92.64,P〈0.01）。结论 2010级新生心理健康水平较好;新生的心理健康在性别上表现出不同的差异,但差异不大。     

Quality of life in individuals with serious mental illness and type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a pervasive metabolic disease that disproportionately affects persons with serious mental illness. The authors studied the effect of diabetes on quality of life in a sample of 369 adult outpatients with schizophrenia or major mood disorder, 201 of whom had type 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes reported greater impairment in both physical and mental-health quality of life than those without diabetes. The diabetes patients also reported less satisfaction with health but not with other life domains. Medical providers need to be attentive to the burden of disease experienced by patients with both serious mental illness and diabetes.     

子宫全切病人的心理问题及对策

目的 探讨子宫全切术病人的心理问题及积极干预的必要性.方法 随机选取我院因良性疾病行子宫全切术的病人,用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和自由反应式问卷进行调查,资料用SPSS10.0统计分析.结果 子宫全切术病人的SCL-90因子得分高于常模,98%的病人术前存在不同程度的焦虑,严重焦虑者占47.9%,病人围手术期的心理问题直接影响了手术的进行与效果,妇科医生的积极干预对病人顺利度过围手术期有重要影响.结论 子宫全切病人术前存在一定的心理问题,影响术后身体康复和生活质量,妇科医生应采取有针对性的干预以达到使病人身心健康的目的.     

生活事件及应对方式对网络成瘾大学生心理健康的影响研究

目的探讨生活事件与应对方式对网络成瘾大学生心理健康的影响。方法应用症状自评量表、青少年生活事件量表、特质应对方式问卷对127例网络成瘾大学生进行测查。结果网络成瘾大学生在躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对分上显著高于全国青年常模；人际关系、学习压力和健康适应事件与心理健康各因子都存在中等程度的显著或极显著相关；心理健康各因子分与积极应对方式呈现负相关，与消极应对方式呈正相关。结论网络成瘾大学生心理健康存在一定问题，受到生活事件与应对方式的影响。     

Disadvantaged neighborhood influences on depression and anxiety in youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus: how life stressors matter

Children living with perinatal HIV illness (PHIV+) disproportionately reside in disadvantaged neighborhoods and contend with persistent mental health challenges. This study examined the influences of disadvantaged residential neighborhood on anxiety and depression, and potential resources that buffer against internalizing problems when youths were exposed to neighborhood stressors. Multilevel analysis of 196 PHIV+ and 129 perinatally HIV‐exposed but uninfected youth (PHIV?) in New York City found that higher exposure to neighborhood disorder was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety for PHIV+ and PHIV? youths. Stressful events unrelated to residential neighborhoods significantly mediated the relationship between neighborhood disorder and anxiety and depression. Social problem solving and religiosity did not moderate the relationship between neighborhood disorder and internalizing problems. Our findings highlighted that interventions that attenuate the negative effects of stressful life events were equally critical in addressing the broader impact of disadvantaged neighborhoods on the mental health of youth affected by HIV. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Evaluation of the quality of life and risk of suicide

OBJECTIVE:

To identify the socio-demographic profiles, suicidal ideation, the presence of mental disorders and the quality of life of patients using mental health services in Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brazil.

METHOD:

Interviews were conducted in family health units and the Psychosocial Attention Center. The sample included 202 mental disorder patients with a risk of suicide attempts, 207 mental disorder patients without a risk of suicide attempts and 196 controls. This study used an identification questionnaire, the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire, Beck‘s Suicidal Ideation Scale and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

RESULTS:

Patients who had a mental disorder and a risk of suicide attempts tended to be single, had less education and lower family income, were not working and showed lower scores in quality of life domains; 73 of these patients had suicidal ideation in the previous week. Depressive disorders, manic episodes, hypomanic episodes, social phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychotic syndromes and generalized anxiety disorder were more frequent and statistically significant for patients at risk for suicide attempts.

CONCLUSION:

The management of patients with a risk of suicide attempts must focus on individual patients because this risk is directly linked to changes in quality of life and the improvement of these patients'' prognosis.     

Anxiety and depression in the workplace: effects on the individual and organisation (a focus group investigation)

BACKGROUND: While the prevalence of anxiety and depression has increased, little is known of the impact on working life. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of anxiety and depression and the treatment for these conditions on performance and safety in the workplace. METHOD: Nine focus groups were conducted with employees who had suffered anxiety and depression. A further 3 groups comprised staff from human resources and occupational health. The sample comprised 74 individuals aged 18-60 years, from a range of occupations. Results were presented to a panel of experts to consider the clinical implications. RESULTS: Workers reported that the symptoms and medication impaired work performance, describing accidents which they attributed to their condition/medication. Respondents were largely unprepared for the fact that the medication might make them feel worse initially. Employees were reluctant to disclose their condition to colleagues due to the stigma attached to mental illness. LIMITATIONS: People who had experienced problems with managing their symptoms and medication at work are more likely to volunteer to participate in such a study than those who had a satisfactory experience. Also, the researchers had no background information on severity of mental health problems of participants. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression were associated with impaired work performance and safety. The authors consider the implications for health care and the management of mental health problems at work.