肝内胆管细胞癌的影像学诊断

目的探讨肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)的CT及MRI表现及病理基础。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的肝内胆管细胞癌24例。所有病例均行B超检查,17例行CT平扫和增强扫描,14例行MRI平扫和增强扫描。结果 CT平扫病灶均为低密度,边界不清,MRI表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI呈较高信号伴中心低信号,动态CT及MRI检查病灶多表现为渐进性的向心性强化,病灶局部肝包膜可有回缩,周围肝内胆管可有轻度扩张和结石;病理表现镜下为低分化或未分化腺癌,血管分布稀少,癌巢之间为大量纤维结缔组织。CT早期强化17.6%(3/17),延迟强化82.3%(14/17),MRI检查14例T1WI低信号T2WI略高信号,边界不清,形态不规则,远端胆管迂曲扩张。MRI增强通常表现为早期轻度或中度不全边缘强化,晚期进行性同心性强化,在延迟期中心区通常为不完全强化。结论肝内胆管细胞癌CT多期增强扫描及MR动态增强扫描均具有一定的特异性,对于肝内与其它常见病变的鉴别诊断均有重要价值.     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断

目的探讨周围型肝内胆管细胞癌CT表现特征,提高CT诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析13例周围型肝内胆管细胞癌CT平扫和增强表现。结果 CT平扫13例均为类圆形或不规则形低密度灶,边界不清,病灶周围或病灶内均可见胆管扩张,CT增强扫描表现为特征性的从周边到中心的向心性强化,延迟强化,病灶周围肝内胆管轻度扩张,局部肝包膜回缩征象。结论 CT是周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的重要检查方法,病灶周围或病灶内胆管扩张和病灶延迟强化是周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的重要征象。     

肝内周围性胆管细胞癌低场MRI诊断

目的 探讨肝内周围性胆管细胞癌(PCC)低场MRI的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的11例肝内周围性胆管细胞癌平扫及动态增强扫描的MRI表现.结果 病灶及病变部位显示清晰.2例表现为不规则形态肿块伴周边胆管轻度扩张;9例表现为胆管不规则增粗,信号均匀或不均匀.增强后扫描,7例可见早期边缘强化,4例未见明确异常强化;延迟后扫描,11例均见向心性延迟强化.结论 肝内周围性胆管细胞癌的低场MRI表现具有一定的特征性,平扫结合动态增强扫描是诊断肝内周围性胆管细胞癌的关键技术.     

MRI动态增强对肿块型周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的诊断价值

目的评价MRI动态增强对肿块型周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性收集、分析17例经病理证实的肿块型周围型肝内胆管细胞癌MRI资料。所有病例均进行MRI动态增强扫描。分析肿瘤的位置、大小、数目、边缘、信号特征、伴随表现及动态增强表现。结果 17例肿瘤大小平均为3.1±1.6cm;平扫T1WI表现为混杂稍低信号,T2WI表现为混杂稍高信号;MR动态增强扫描时,13例动脉期瘤灶周边薄边环形强化,4例动脉期扫描瘤灶边缘强化不明显,17例病例在静脉期和延迟期时病灶呈渐进性、填充式向心性强化;其他征象包括:13例有病灶周围胆管扩张,4例有包膜回缩征,2例有卫星灶,6例有肝门及腹膜后淋巴结肿大。结论 MRI动态增强对肿块型周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的诊断有重要的价值。     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现特征

目的探讨周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现特征,提高对周围型胆管细胞癌的认识。方法回顾性分析经手术及穿刺活检病理证实的22例周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的常规CT平扫和CT动态增强扫描资料。结果 22例中18例为单发病灶,4例为多发病灶,总共发现27个病灶,其中15个病灶位于左叶,9个病灶位于右叶,3个病灶同时跨左右叶分布;大小3-15cm不等,平均7.4cm。21例CT扫描平扫为低密度肿块,1例因有脂肪肝,病灶呈稍高密度。肿块呈圆形、分叶状或不规则形。动脉期17例表现为从病灶边缘轻度不均匀强化,1例为边缘明显强化,4例为无明显强化;1例有邻近肝组织过度灌注征象;门脉期22例病灶均呈轻中度强化,呈向心性,病灶内出现不规则条状、片状强化影,延迟扫描病灶仍持续强化,并进一步向中央充填。结论周围型肝内胆管细胞癌CT表现具有一定特征,掌握这些特征,对于诊断和鉴别诊断有着重要价值。     

肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的CT诊断

目的：探讨肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的CT特征,加深对肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的认识。方法：回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的15例肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的CT表现。结果：15例肝内周围型胆管细胞癌,肝左叶9例,右叶3例,左右叶同时受累3例;斑点状、小条状高密度影4例;邻近胆管扩张10例;肝包膜凹陷征5例;并发肝内胆管结石6例;延迟期扫描呈渐进性延迟强化15例;不规则细线状强化或网格样强化7例。结论：肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的CT表现有一定的特征性,对于与肝内其他常见病变的鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

8例肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断分析

目的探讨肝内胆管细胞癌的螺旋CT动态增强表现及与其他肝内肿瘤的鉴别要点。方法对来我院就诊经手术病理证实的8例肝内胆管细胞癌的CT资料进行分析。结果 8例患者均为单发病灶,肝叶萎缩2例,局部肝轮廓凹陷2例,肝内胆管扩张2例,肝内胆管结石1例,肝门后腹膜淋巴结肿大1例,门脉癌栓2例。增强扫描可见动脉期肿瘤外周部分轻度、较薄、不完全的晕环状增强或不强化,静脉期进一步强化,延迟扫描病灶随着时间的延长向心性逐渐增强,病灶内部呈斑片状、不规则细线状强化。结论肝内胆管细胞癌因其病理特点决定其动态增强CT表现具有一定的特征性,大多能与肝内其他肿瘤相鉴别。     

CT动态增强扫描对肝内胆管细胞癌的诊断价值

目的观察肝内胆管细胞癌cT三期动态增强扫描的影像学特点,探讨增强cT扫描对肝内胆管细胞癌的诊断价值。方法采用回顾性分析方法,对36例经病理证实的肝内胆管细胞癌患者CT三期动态扫描图像分析,归纳其不同扫描器的影像学特征。结果36例肝内胆管细胞癌,平扫期均为低密度灶,在动脉期32例不均匀强化,门脉期10例不均匀强化,延迟期6例轻度强化,33例可见病变远端胆管扩张,14例伴有肝内胆管结石。结论肝内胆管细胞癌CT三期动态增强扫描具有特定的影像学特征,动脉期及门脉期不均匀强化、远端胆管扩张及局部的结石影,有助于肝内胆管细胞癌的定性诊断。     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现

目的 分析周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现,以提高诊断的准确性.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的11例周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT影像资料,均进行CT平扫及增强扫描.结果 11例中病灶位于肝左叶7例,肝右叶4例;伴有肝内胆管结石3例,出现胆管扩张9例;肝叶局部出现萎缩5例.增强扫描呈轻度环状强化、渐进性不均匀强化和均匀一致强化.结论 周围型肝内胆管细胞癌CT表现具有一定的特征性表现,可与其他疾病进行鉴别诊断.     

原发性肝内周围型胆管细胞癌CT表现

目的：通过原发性肝内周围型胆管细胞癌CT表现,提高对原发性肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的认识。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的42例原发性肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的CT表现。结果：CT平扫所有病理均为低密度灶。动态CT增强检查病灶多表现为不均匀轻度渐进性的向心性强化;其中26例出现大片无强化低密度区,病灶局部肝包膜可有回缩,23例病灶周围肝内胆管可有轻度扩张和结石。结论：原发,陛肝内周围型胆管细胞癌CT表现有一定的特征性。     

深静脉置管输液过程中留取标本的方法

在临床护理工作中，许多危重患者需要反复、多次进行电解质、肝功能等生化检查，需要多次且大量地采集血生化标本，同时，这些危重患者也往往因为需要检测中心静脉压、进行静脉营养及大量输血、输液等而留置了深静脉导管，能不能在深静脉导管通路上采集血标本，采取何种方法采集血标本？2006年11月至2007年12月我们对33例行深静脉直观的患者从深静脉导管处进行采血，对钾（K^＋）、钠（Na^＋）、     

Detection of markers of hepatitis viral infection in the tissue of bile duct carcinoma

Hepatitis 15 virus （HBV） IS an admitted oncogenic virus. Many epidemiological and molecularbiological studies have demonstrated that chronic infection with HBV is a major risk factor associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and intrahepatic bile duct cancer. Compared with hepatocytes and intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells, extrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells have autoploid in embryogenesis, continuity in anatomy and a similar internal environment. The question arises whether extrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells can receive HBV infection or not？ The role of hepatitis viral infection in the pathogenesis of bile duct carcinoma has not yet been clarified, although a causative relationship between HBV or HCV infection and extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma has been reported in the literature. In this study, we focused on the evidence of hepatitis viral infection in tissue of bile duct carcinoma.     

Inhibitory Effects of Roscovitine on Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro

Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） are the major cause of in-stent restenosis （ISR）. Intervention proliferation and migration of VSMCs is an im- portant strategy for antirestenotic therapy. Roscovitine, a second-generation cyclin-dependent kinase in- hibitor, can inhibit cell cycle of multiple cell types. We studied the effects of roscovitine on cell cycle distribution, proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro by flow cytometry, BrdU incorporation and wound healing assay, respectively. Our results showed that roscovitine increased the proportion of Go/G1 phase cells after 12 h （69.57±3.65 vs. 92.50±1.68, P=0.000）, 24 h （80.87±2.24 vs. 90.25±0.79, P=0.000） and 48 h （88.08±3.86 vs. 88.87±2.43, P=-0.427） as compared with control group. Roscovifine inhibited proliferation and migration of VSMCs in a concentration-dependent way. With the increase of concen- tration, roscovitine showed increased capacity for growth and migration inhibition. Roscovitine （30 μmol/L） led to an almost complete VSMCs growth and migration arrest. Combined with its low toxicity and selective inhibition to ISR-VSMCs, roscovitine may be a potential drug in the treatment of vascular stenosis diseases and particularly useful in the prevention and treatment of ISR.     

巨大苗勒管囊肿一例

1.资料与方法 患者男,53岁,闪“反复排尿凼难1年”于2008年3月5日入院。患者1年前自觉久坐后,出现排尿费劲,尿不成线、尿频,仅尿多达10余次／晚,伴左下腹部疼痛。无肾区疼痛及肉眼血尿,休息后症状逐渐缓解,故当时未进行任何治疗。此后患者经常不能自解小便,就诊于当地医院,诊断“前列腺增生”,     

Preliminary study on the evaluation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis using F-18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose PET/CT

Background Limited number of studies have been reported regarding the utilization of F-18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose （F-18-FDG） positron emission tomography/computed tomography （F-18-FDG PET/CT） in Langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH）.The aim of this study was to assess the role of F-18-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatment of LCH.Methods Eight newly diagnosed and seven recurrent patients with LCH received F-18-FDG PET/CT scans.The diagnosis of LCH was established by pathology,multi-modality imaging,and clinical follow-up.Results F-18-FDG PET/CT was positive in 14 patients with 13 true positives and one false positive.All 45 LCH lesions were F-18-FDG avid including six small bone lesions ＜1.0 cm in diameter.The mean maximal standardized uptake value （SUVmax） was 7.13±4.91.F-18-FDG uptake showed no significant difference between newly diagnosed lesions vs recurrent lesions （SUVmax：6.50±2.97 vs.7.93±6.60,t=-0.901,P=0.376）.Among 45 LCH lesions,68.9％ （31/45） were found in bones and 31.1％ （14/45） in soft tissue.The most commonly involved bones were the pelvis and vertebrae.There was no significant difference in F-18-FDG uptake between bone lesions vs.non-bone lesions （SUVmax：6.30±2.87 vs.8.97±7.58,t=1.277,P=0.221）.In two patients,changes in F-18-FDG uptake on serial PET/CT scans reflected response of lesions to treatment.Conclusions The present study suggests that F-18-FDG PET/CT may be useful for diagnosis and assessing the treatment response of LCH.Because of the small sample size,further research is warranted to confirm our findings.     

Effects of substance P on growth of fibroblast-like cells derived from bile duct: an in vitro cell culture study

Background The possible role of substance P （SP） during wound healing has been the primary research focus in recent years,but its effect on the healing process after bile duct injury is little understood.This study aimed to investigate the effects of SP on growth of fibroblast-like cells derived from rabbit bile duct.Methods Fibroblast-like cells derived from rabbit bile duct were identified and divided randomly into control and experimental groups.SP-treated cells at different concentrations of 10^-9-10^-5 mol/L and control group were incubated,respectively,for 48 hours.After incubating,the effects of SP on cell proliferation were assessed by cell counts and MTT test.Apoptosis rate （AR） of cells was measured by flow cytometry.Results Cultured rabbit bile duct cells were fibroblast-like in morphology,and these cells were stained positively for vimentin and negatively for desmin.After SP was added to nonconfluent cells for 48 hours,cell numbers were significantly increased in experimental groups than in controls （P 〈0.05）.The maximum stimulation of cell proliferation was achieved at SP of 10^-5 mol/L.Bile duct fibroblast-like cells in the SP group showed a higher proliferating activity and lower AR than those in the control group or in the SP ＋ Spantide group （P 〈0.05）.Spantide partly inhibited the effects of SP on fibroblastlike cells.Examination under transmission electron microscopy revealed rough endoplasmic reticulum and prominent Golgi complexes after SP treatment.Conclusions SP has a growth regulatory property on cultivated bile duct fibroblast-like cells in vitro,suggesting that SP may involve in wound healing after bile duct injury by promoting wound fibroblast proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis and participate in pathological scar formation.     

Depressant effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on the chronic rejection of aortic allograft in rats

Objective To investigate the depressant effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on the chronic rejection of aortic allograft in rats. Methods： The models of abdominal aorta transplantation were made with micro-surgery in rats. The recipients were divided into three groups： allograft control group, atorvastatin-treated group and isograft control group. Vascular intimal thickness in all of the groups were observed by histological examination. The expression of PCNA and α-SMA were determined by immunohistochemistry. The content of nitric oxide was determined by nitrate reductase chromatometry. Results： The vascular intimal thickness in rats of atorvastatin-treated group （11.60% ± 2.40% ） were lower than those in allograft control group （34.60 % ± 6.40 % ; P 〈 0.05） and higher than those in isograft control group （1.15 % ± 0.65 %; P〈 0.05 ）. The expression level of PCNA was decreased in atorvastatin-treated group （4.80% ± 0.80% ） than allograft control group （18.40% ± 1.80% ; P〈0.05） and higher than isograft group （1.20% ± 0.40% ; P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The expression of PCNA in the transplant aorta could be suppressed by atorvastatin, which resalted in relief of chronic rejection of aortic allograft.     

Influence of blastocysts morphological score on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers: a retrospective study of 741 cycles

The influence of inner cell mass （ICM） and trophectoderm （TE） score on pregnancy out- comes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles was analyzed. A retrospective analysis of 741 cycles of frozen-thawed blastosysts transfer was performed. All cycles were divided into four groups based on the number and morphological score of blastocysts： S-ICM B/TE B group （n=91）, the single blastocyst transfer oflCM B and TE B; D-ICM B/TE B group （n=579）, double blastocysts transfer oflCM B/TE B; D-1CM B/TE C group （n=35）, double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE C; and D-ICM C/TE B group （n=36）, double blastocysts transfer ofTE B/ICM C. The pregnancy outcomes were compared among the four groups. As compared with D-ICM B/TE C group, the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and multiple pregnancy rate were increased in D-ICM B/TE B group （74.96% vs. 57.14%, 57.43% vs. 37.14%, and .48.62% vs. 25%, respectively, P〈0.05 for all）. Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in D-ICM B/TE B group were also higher than in D-ICM C/TE B group （74.96% vs. 50%, and 57.43% vs. 33.33%, both P〈0.05）. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that ICM score was a better predictive parameter for clinical pregnancy （OR=3.05, CI 1.70-5.46, P〈0.001）, while the trophectoderm score was a better one for early abortion （OR=0.074, CI 0.03-0.19, P〈0.001）. Clinical pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate in S-ICM B/TE B group were significantly lower than those in D-ICM B/TE B group （46.15% vs. 74.96%, and 2.38% vs. 48.62%, both P〈0.05）, but there was no si~,,niflcant difference in the implantation rate between the two groups. It was suggested that the higher score of ICM and TE may be indicative of the better pregnancy outcomes. The ICM score is a better predictor of clinical pregnancy than TE, while TE score is a better one in predicting early abortion. Sin- gle ICM B/TE B blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles can also get satisfactory pregnancy out- comes.     

Giant cell interstitial pneumonia: unusual lung disorder and an update

Background Giant cell interstitial pneumonia （GIP） was a rare form of pneumoconiosis,associated with exposure to hard metals,which had been reported mostly as isolated case reports.We described eight cases of GIP diagnosed in our hospital during the past seven years,with particular reference to new findings.Methods Eight patients with GIP confirmed by biopsy in the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University from 2005 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.For each patient,the occupy histories and medical records were thoroughly reviewed and clinic data were extracted.Two radiologists,without knowledge of any of the clinical and functional findings,independently reviewed the HRCT scans of all patients.Follow-up data were collected.Results Among the eight patients,seven had a history of exposure to hard metal dusts,one denied an exposure history.The most common manifestations were cough and dyspnea.One patient initiated with pneumothorax and another pleural effusion,both of which were uncommon to GIP.The main pathologic appearances were the presence of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in the alveolar space.The clinical symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were obviously improved after cessation of exposure and receiving corticosteroid treatments,recurrences were observed in two patients when they resumed work.In spite of exposure cessation and corticosteroid treatment,one patient developed pulmonary fibrosis at seven years follow-up.Conclusions Awareness of the patients＇ occupational history often provided clues to the diagnosis of GIP.Histopathologic examinations were necessary to establish the right diagnosis.Exposure cessation was of benefit to most patients; however,pulmonary fibrosis was possible in spite of exposure cessation and corticosteroid treatment.Better ways should be found out to improve the outcome and quality of life.     

Immunosuppression for 6–8 weeks after modified donor lymphocyte infusion reduced acute graft-versus-host disease without influencing graft-versus-leukemia effect in haploidentical transplant

Background In haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）, the duration of graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） prophylaxis after modified donor lymphocyte infusion （DLI） was the only risk factor of DLI-associated grades 3-4 acute GVHD. However, the successful application of modified DLI depended not only on the reduction of severe GVHD, but also on the preservation of graft-versus-leukemia （GVL） effect. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the impact of prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks and prophylaxis for 〈6 weeks on GVL effect after modified DLI in haploidentical HSCT. Methods A total of 103 consecutive patients developing hematological relapse or minimal residual disease （MRD）-positive status after haploidentical HSCT and receiving modified DLI were investigated retrospectively. Fifty-two patients received prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks after modified DLI; the remaining 51 patients received prophylaxis for 〈6 weeks. Results First, compared with prophylaxis for 〈6 weeks, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks reduced incidence of relapse in total patients （26.6% vs. 69.0%, P 〈0.001）. Besides, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks also reduced incidence of relapse in 54 patients developing hematological relapse post-transplant （P=0.018） and in 49 patients developing MRD-positive status post-transplant （P 〈0.001）. Second, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks reduced incidence of acute GVHD （P 〈0.05）, reduced the therapeutic application of immunosuppressive agents （P=0.019）, but increased the incidence of chronic GVHD （P〈0.05）. Third, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks improved overall survival and disease-free survival in total patients, as well as in patients developing hematological relapse post-transplant and in patients developing MRD-positive status post-transplant （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions In haploidentical HSCT, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks after modified DLI does not reduce GVL effect, but reduces the incidence of DLI-associated acute GVHD compared with prophylaxis for 〈6 weeks.