204株淋球菌对5种抗生素敏感性的监测

目的:监测阳江地区2012年度分离的淋球菌对5种常用抗生素的敏感性,分析耐药菌株的流行特点。方法:测定菌株对5种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),按世界卫生组织(WHO)西太区淋球菌耐药性监测统一标准判断敏感性。结果:204株淋球菌中检出产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)64株,占31.4%,质粒介导高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)72株,占35.3%;未发现对青霉素敏感率株,51株对四环素敏感(25.0%),环丙沙星中敏率为10.3%,本次未发现对大观霉素和头孢曲松耐药菌株。5种抗生素中青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的MIC50及MIC90均已超过耐药标准。结论:作为阳江地区淋球菌治疗的首选药物为大观霉素和头孢曲松。     

233株淋球菌耐药性的监测与分析

目的 了解淋球菌对抗菌药物的耐药性及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行情况.方法 用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及纸片酸度法测定β内酰胺酶.结果 233株淋球菌中检出PPNG阳性32株(13.73%),TRNG阳性147株(63.09%).菌株对头孢曲松和大观霉素均敏感,而对环丙沙星、四环素耐药率为98.28%、100%.结论 南宁地区淋球菌株的耐药性以环丙沙星、四环素最为严重,对大观霉素和头孢曲松有较高的敏感性,持续开展耐药监测十分必要.     

高度耐四环素淋球菌对常见抗生素敏感性的分析

目的:分析高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)分离株对青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松和大观霉素敏感性的影响.方法:收集和分离2006~2009年来自南宁地区性病门诊患者的淋球菌297株,采用纸片酸度定量法测定β-内酰胺酶;琼脂稀释法测定大观霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、四环素4种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果:检出TRNG 185株(62.29%),其中,产青霉素酶38株(20.54%),明显高于非TRNG淋球菌,对环丙沙星出现高度耐药149株(80.54%),也明显高于非TRNG.所有的淋球菌分离菌株对头孢曲松和大观霉素均敏感,但TRNG菌株对头孢曲松低敏株为88株,明显高于非TRNG菌株;大观霉素MIC≥16 mg/L 范围,165株TRNG被抑制,被抑制株的比例也明显高于非TRNG.结论:淋球菌对四环素高度耐药性会降低其对青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松和大观霉素的敏感程度.     

大观霉素与其他4种抗生素体外抗淋球菌活性比较

目的：比较大观霉素与其他4种抗生素对临床分离淋球菌的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌株抗生素的最小抑茵浓度（ MIC）,按WH0西太区淋球菌耐药性监测统一标准判断敏感性。用纸片酸度定量法检测产B一内酰胺酶淋球菌菌株。结果本研究共测定493株淋球菌,大观霉素对淋球菌的敏感性为100%,其MIC50和MIC90均为16μg/ml,对产B一内酰胺酶淋球菌,大观霉素的MIC50和MIC90也为16μg/ml,均比耐药标准低8倍;其次为头孢曲松,虽未检出耐药株但中敏检出l64株（33.3%）;抗淋球菌活性最差的是青霉素,耐药率为89.0%;环丙沙星和四环素的耐药率也较高,分别为88.2%和85.6%。青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的MIC。及MIC。均已超过耐药标准,尤其是青霉素最严重,其MIC50和MIC90均超过耐药标准的4倍和l28倍。结论大观霉素对淋球菌具有强大的抗菌活性,头孢曲松对淋球菌的抗菌活性也较高,两者可作为治疗淋病的首选药物,大观霉素对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星耐药率较高,提示这3种抗生素对淋病的治疗作用差。     

深圳地区淋球菌株耐药性流行趋势分析

目的了解深圳地区淋球菌临床分离株对抗生素的敏感性以及头孢曲松中敏株的流行特点。方法收集2008年自本地区患者中分离的淋球菌196株,同时整理相应患者信息资料,采用琼脂稀释法测定四环素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、大观霉素对淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),用头孢硝噻吩纸片测定β-内酰胺酶。结果 196株淋球菌中检出产β-内酰胺酶的淋球菌(PPNG)70株(35.71%),质粒介导的高度耐四环素菌株(TRNG)131株(66.84%),对环丙沙星耐药率达95.41%,对头孢曲松中敏率为33.16%,未发现对头孢曲松和大观霉素耐药菌株,对淋球菌头孢曲松中敏株和高敏株进行人群资料分析发现两组的PPNG检出率差异具有统计学意义。结论深圳地区淋球菌耐药性已较严重,头孢曲松中敏株的流行特点尚未明确,应加强对淋球菌耐药性的监测及流行病学的研究。     

南昌地区淋球菌对抗生素耐药性研究

目的 了解南昌地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法 采用琼脂稀释法测定5种抗菌药物对120株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)；用改良碘定量法检测PPNG菌株。结果 淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素及头孢三嗪的耐药率分别为74．17％，76．67％，38．33％，1．67％，3．33％。检出16株(13．33％)PPNG菌株，15株(12．5％)TRNG菌株；同时对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星耐药的菌株占31．67％。结论 头孢三嗪、大观霉素仍可作为南昌地区治疗淋病的首选用药．但淋球菌对青霉素、四环素及环丙沙星耐药率较高。     

南宁市771株淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性监测

目的了解南宁市近年来淋球菌对几种临床常用抗生素的耐药情况,为制定防治策略和治疗方案提供参考依据。方法对临床分离鉴定的771株淋球菌,用琼脂稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）及纸片酸度定量法测定β-内酰胺酶。结果771株淋球菌中检测出产青霉素酶淋球菌（PPNG）阳性率10.77%;质粒介导的高水平耐四环素淋球菌（TRNG）阳性率56.42%。对环丙沙星、头孢曲松和大观霉素的耐药率分别为91.83%、0.78%、0.13%。结论南宁市淋球菌对青霉素、四环素及环丙沙星的耐药程度严重,但对头孢曲松和大观霉素较敏感。     

2005年广州地区淋球菌对6种抗生素耐药性结果分析

目的了解2005年广州地区淋球菌对6种抗生素的耐药性及PPNG和TRNG的流行状况。方法用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)以及用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果110株淋球菌检出PPNG38株(34.5%)、TRNG56株(50.9%);环丙沙星的耐药率达96.4%,青霉素耐药率的达93.6%;头孢妥仑MIC50为0.125mg/L,MIC90为0.5mg/L。头孢曲松、壮观霉素没有发现耐药菌株,且抗菌活性最强。结论头孢曲松和壮观霉素在临床上是治疗淋病的首选药物,持续监测淋球菌的耐药性十分重要。     

2006-2008年南昌地区淋球菌耐药检测结果分析

目的 分析2006-2008年南昌地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶(PPNG)淋球菌耐药现状.方法 采用琼脂稀释法测定133株淋球菌对5种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);用改良碘定量法监测PPNG菌株.结果 淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素和头孢三嗪的耐药率分别为72.2%、74.4%、49.6%、2.3%和3.8%,检出16株(12.0%)PPNG菌株,同时对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星耐药的菌株占35.3%.结论 头孢三嗪和大观霉素可作为治疗淋病的首选药物.     

2002年广州地区淋球菌对4种抗生素耐药性结果分析

目的了解广州地区2002年淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法用琼脂稀释法测定四环素、壮观霉素、头孢三嗪和环丙沙星4种抗生素对100株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果100株淋球菌检出PPNG 15株(15%)、TRNG 28株(28%),环丙沙星耐药率高达98%,高度耐药株(MIC≥16 mg/L)32株(32%),未发现对头孢三嗪、壮观霉素的耐药菌株,但头孢三嗪的敏感性有所下降。结论目前广州地区流行的淋球菌菌珠耐药状况仍然严重,尤以环丙沙星为甚,但对壮观霉素和头孢三嗪仍较敏感。此外,有必要持续监测球菌的耐药性。     

Prevalence of resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillin and three other antibiotics in a rural area in Kenya.

Of 90 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a rural area in Kenya, 44 (48.9%) produced beta-lactamase (penicillinase). Testing for susceptibility of 35 penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains to four antibiotics yielded the following results: 16 (45.7%) showed a decreased susceptibility to tetracycline; six (17.1%) showed resistance, probably plasmid mediated; 10 (28.6%) had intermediate susceptibility to gentamicin; one (2.9%) was resistant; and two (5.7%) isolates were resistant to cefotaxime. 16 (57.1%) of 28 non PPNG strains showed a decreased susceptibility to penicillin; 10 (35.7%) were resistant. Nine (32.1%) of 28 non-PPNG isolates showed intermediate susceptibility to tetracycline; one (3.6%) was resistant. Eight of non PPNG isolates (28.6%) showed decreased susceptibility to gentamicin. These results imply that penicillin and tetracycline should be abandoned as primary therapy. For the time being, thiamphenicol and spectinomycin seem to be good alternatives. The observation of cefotaxime resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in a rural area implies a warning concerning future possibilities for use of third generation cephalosporins.     

Epidemic plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from high-risk population in Bangladesh

Gonorrhoea still remains as one of the most common venereal diseases, causing a wide range of morbidity among the sexually active people. Characterization of the circulating strains of gonococcus containing epidemic plasmids is important to formulate control strategy. Keeping in mind the above consideration, a total of 495 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with known minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and antimicrobial susceptibility to penicillin and tetracycline were investigated for plasmid content of either PPNG (penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae) or TRNG (tetracycline resistant N. gonorrhoeae) or both. Isolates of N. gonorrhoeae showing resistance to penicillin (penicillin MIC ≥ 2 μg/ml, n=255) and high-level tetracycline resistance (tetracycline MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml, n=396) were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The oligonucleotide primers developed to differentiate between three related, epidemic PPNG plasmids (Asia type, Africa type or Toronto/New Zealand type) were used to identify PPNG plasmids and the primers developed to distinguish between American and Dutch variants of Tet-M gene were used to identify TRNG plasmids. A total 169 (34.1%) of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were found to carry PPNG plasmids and all of them were Africa type showing the amplified products of 3.1 kb. A total 382(77.2%) of the isolates were found positive for TRNG plasmids and almost all were Dutch type (377, 98.7%) with a few American type (5, 1.3%). Although the rate of plasmid infection of either PPNG or TRNG types were very high, because of the presence of only one variant, they are supposed to be endogenously acquired. Therefore, a control strategy, considering the sexual behaviour of the local high risk populations as well as the susceptibility pattern of the circulating N. gonorrhoeae-derived treatment regimen might suffice to control the disease in Bangladesh.     

产青霉素酶淋病奈瑟菌的DNA检测

目的 了解产青霉素淋病奈瑟菌（PPNG）耐青霉素的分子机制。方法 收集常州地区50株淋病奈瑟菌，应用TEM基因通用引物套式聚合酶链反应（nPCR)和以TEM－1的3末端及与之相邻基因的5末端为靶基因的PPNG型特异引物nPCR两种方法进行配对检测。结果 TEM－1型的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、沙雷杆菌、不动杆菌经TEM通用引物nPCR扩增均能呈现535bp的目的条带，而经PPNG TEM－1基因型特异引物nPCR扩增无任何条带出现。50株淋病奈瑟菌检测结果：TEM通用引物nPCR与PPNG TEM－1基因型特异引物nPCR扩增结果一致，有32例呈阳性，阳性率均为64％。对31号菌株PPNG TEM－1基因型特异引物nPCR产物进行全自动DNA测序，测得的序列与NCBI已登录的3种质粒序列（gi 150362、gi 1777422、gi1777428)高度同源。结论 常州地区64％的淋病奈瑟菌为PPNG。由于PPNG TEM－1基因型特异的nPCR只能扩增含TEM基因的PPNG，因此本检测有望用于淋病患者病灶部标本的PPNG DNA流行病学研究和用药参考。     

250株质粒介导的耐药淋球菌株的流行趋势分析

目的了解7年来广州地区质粒介导耐药淋球菌株的流行趋势。方法用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MICs),筛选出质粒介导四环素耐药淋球菌(TRNG),以及用纸片碘量法测定质粒介导的产青霉素酶的淋球菌(PPNG)。结果846株淋球菌检出PPNG131株(15.5%)、TRNG184株(21.8%),7年来,PPNG、TRNG流行率经μ检验,P<0.01,有显著性差异。结论PPNG和TRNG流行率呈逐年上升趋势,持续监测质粒介导耐药淋球菌株的流行趋势是十分必要的。     

深圳地区淋球菌营养分型和抗生素耐药性的研究

目的:为了解深圳地区淋球菌的营养型分布和4种抗生素的耐药性。方法:对深圳地区113株淋球菌进行MIC测定和PPNG检测,同时对其中113株淋球菌进行营养分型检测。结果:113株淋球菌中检出PPNG菌株9株,TRNG菌株16株,青霉素耐药菌株73株(64.60%),环丙沙星耐药菌株88株(77.88%),大观霉素、头孢曲松未发现耐药菌株。113株淋球菌分16种营养型,以Pro-型、Proto-型、Pro-lle型、Lle-型、Pro-lleSer型5种营养型为主,占86.73%,其余11种营养型占13.27%。青霉素和环丙沙星的耐药菌株主要分布于Pro-型中,TRNG菌株主要分布于Lle-型,PPNG菌株散在于各种营养型中。结论:深圳地区淋球菌的营养型和耐药性的分布状况,有助于本地区淋球菌的流行病学研究和淋病防治。     

Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonnorhoeae: the review of the present situation in Ibadan,Nigeria

All the isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from patients that attended special treatment Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 15th January 1997 and 15th December 1999 were studied so as to review the present prevalence rate of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) in Ibadan. Of the 214 patients that had gonococcal infections, 161 were male (75.2%) and 53 (24.8%) were female. Ninety-two (57.1%) of the male and 28(52.8%) of the female were aged between 20- 29 years while 19.9% of the male and 15.1 % of the female were in the age of 40 and above. The sex difference is not statistically significant (chi2=2.19, df=3, p=0.53). The present study revealed that PPNG strains have increased dramatically to 98.6 per cent. This has posed a great threat to the usefulness of penicillin and ampicillin as the drugs of choice in gonococcal therapy in Nigeria.     

Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada.

The incidence of infection with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) reported to the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control in Ottawa has steadily increased since the first Canadian isolation of such a strain in 1976. As of September 1980 a total of 66 PPNG isolates had been referred for biological and genetic characterization as well as for central documentation of the epidemiologic aspects of each case. Over 90% of the infections were firmly traced to patients or contacts who had acquired the infection abroad; this indicates that Canada does not, as yet, have an epidemic focus of PPNG infection. This report includes a synopsis of the biological characteristics of these isolates and an analysis of the results of primary antibiotic treatment that illustrates the importance of considering spectinomycin as the antibiotic of choice for PPNG infections.     

2002年广州地区淋球菌对4种抗生素耐药性结果分析

目的 了解广州地区2002年淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法用琼脂稀释法测定四环素、壮观霉素、头孢三嗪和环丙沙星4种抗生素对100株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果 100株淋球菌检出PPNG15株(15％)、TRNG28株(28％)，环丙沙星耐药率高达98％，高度耐药株(MIC≥16mg／L)32株(32％)，未发现对头孢三嗪、壮观霉素的耐药菌株，但头孢三嗪的敏感性有所下降。结论目前广州地区流行的淋球菌菌珠耐药状况仍然严重，尤以环丙沙星为甚,但对壮观霉素和头孢三嗪仍较敏感。此外，有必要持续监测球菌的耐药性。     

男性淋病患者奈瑟球菌57株药敏分析

目的：了解男性淋病患者奈瑟球菌对抗生素的药敏情况。方法：纸片扩散法检测57株淋病奈瑟球菌对7种抗生素的药敏。用头孢硝噻吩纸片法检测产青霉素酶淋病奈瑟菌（PPNG）,以对四环素药敏纸片抑菌圈直径≤19 mm推测为高水平耐四环素淋病奈瑟球菌（TRNG）。结果：淋病奈瑟球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星敏感性分别为12.3%、17.5%、28.1%;对头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢曲松耐药性分别为5.3%、3.5%、5.3%;无大观霉素耐药株。57株中检出14株PPNG菌株（24.6%）,16株（28.1%）疑为TRNG。结论：淋病奈瑟球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星耐药性严重,这些药物已不再适合用于淋病治疗;第三代头孢菌素和大观霉素仍是一线用药,但应重视中介株,否则导致严重耐药性。