大学生强迫行为的临床技术干预与效果分析

目的探讨大学生强迫行为的心理机制及其干预方法,为强迫症的临床治疗提供借鉴。方法采用多基线个案实验研究设计,采用观察法、访谈法、认知疗法及行为疗法中的放松训练,并结合元认知行为干预技术中情感组织者技术对一名患有强迫症的来访者进行个案实验研究。结果治疗前耶鲁布朗量表评分为28分。在没有使用任何辅助药物的情况下,通过6天共6次放松训练,治疗后评分为8分,病人强迫行为已经基本消除。结论元认知行为干预技术治疗强迫行为临床效果显著,适合于普遍推广和使用。     

1例抑郁症的元认知心理干预

目的探讨大学生抑郁症的心理机制及其干预方法,为抑郁症的临床治疗提供借鉴。方法采用观察法、访谈法、认知疗法及行为疗法中的放松训练,并结合元认知干预技术中情感组织者技术对1名患有抑郁症的来访者进行个案实验研究。结果治疗前用抑郁自评量表（SDS）对来访者进行测试为68分,属于中度抑郁。在没有使用任何辅助药物的情况下,通过为期5天的5次放松训练,治疗后其抑郁自评量表（SDS）测试为46分,达到正常值,来访者的抑郁症状已经基本消除。结论元认知干预技术治疗抑郁症效果显著,适合于推广和使用。     

1例大学生学校恐惧的元认知心理干预

目的探讨大学生学校恐惧的心理机制及其干预方法,为学校恐惧的临床治疗提供借鉴。方法采用观察法、访谈法、认知疗法及行为疗法中的放松训练,并结合元认知心理干预技术中情感组织者技术对一名患有学校恐惧的来访者进行个案实验研究。结果治疗前SCL-90症状自评量表中某些因子分显示异常,如人际关系敏感3.11、抑郁3.15、敌对3.33等。在没有使用任何辅助药物的情况下,通过7天共6次放松训练,治疗后SCL-90症状自评量表中各项因子分均达到正常水平,如人际关系敏感1.67、抑郁1.92、敌对1.83等。来访者可回到学校正常生活。结论元认知心理干预技术治疗学校恐惧临床效果显著,适合于普遍推广和使用。     

1例大学生惊恐障碍的元认知心理干预

目的本研究运用元认知行为疗法对1名惊恐障碍的大学生做了临床诊断与技术干预,为惊恐障碍的治疗提供借鉴。方法采用观察法、访谈法、认知疗法及行为疗法中的放松训练,并结合元认知心理干预技术中情感组织者技术对1名患有惊恐障碍的来访者进行个案实验研究。结果治疗前来访者的SCL-90症状自评量表中某些因子分显示异常,如焦虑3.3、恐怖3.28、强迫2.7等。在没有使用任何辅助药物的情况下,通过4次放松训练共15天治疗后,SCL-90症状自评量表中各项因子分均达到正常水平,焦虑1.9、恐怖1.85、强迫2.2等。来访者在学校能够正常生活。结论此案例初步证明了元认知行为疗法治疗惊恐障碍疗程短,是很有希望的心理干预方法。     

1例研究生惊恐障碍的元认知心理干预实验研究

目的探讨惊恐障碍的心理机制及其干预方法,为惊恐障碍的心理干预提供临床借鉴。方法采用单被试多基线实验设计,运用元认知心理干预技术对来访者进行临床干预。结果干预前来访者症状自评量表(SCL-90)所有因子均显示异常,其中抑郁3.38,焦虑3.30,敌对3.67,汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)得分为36分。干预结束后SCL-90各项因子分均达到正常水平,HAMA得分为6分,基线指标稳定,惊恐发作次数减少,焦虑水平降低,社会适应性增强。结论实验证明元认知心理干预技术是治疗惊恐障碍的有效心理干预方法,值得推广。     

大学生广泛性焦虑障碍的元认知心理干预效果实验研究

目的 探讨广泛性焦虑障碍的心理机制及其干预方法,为大学生的广泛性焦虑障碍的治疗提供借鉴.方法 在小样本多基线实验设计中,运用元认知干预技术对1例广泛性焦虑障碍的来访者进行干预.结果 干预前来访者的症状自评量表(SCL-90)中某些因子分显示异常,如焦虑4.0、恐怖4.14等,汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)得分为34分.在没有使用任何辅助药物的情况下,通过11次咨询后SCL-90各项因子分均达到正常水平,焦虑1.6、恐怖1.86等,HAMA得分为14分,来访者在学校能够正常生活.结论 此实验初步证明了,元认知干预技术对广泛性焦虑障碍的治疗是很有效的心理干预方法.     

一例大学生社交恐惧的临床干预与效果分析

目的探讨大学生社交恐惧的心理机制及其干预方法,为社交恐惧症的临床治疗提供借鉴。方法采用多基线个案实验研究设计,采用观察法、访谈法、认知疗法及行为疗法中的放松训练,并结合元认知行为干预技术中情感组织者技术对一名患有社交恐惧症的来访者进行个案实验研究。结果在没有使用任何辅助药物的情况下,通过12天共6次放松训练,来访者的恐惧症状已经基本消除。结论元认知行为干预技术治疗恐惧症及其行为临床效果显著,适合于普遍推广和使用。     

运用心理技术治愈社交恐惧的个案研究

目的探讨用心理技术治疗社交恐惧障碍的方法及过程。方法依据医学鉴定结果,症状自评量表（SCL-90）测量结果以及来访者典型行为表现诊断为社交恐惧障碍;根据来访者的实际情况,采用观察法、谈话法、认知疗法、放松训练等心理技术,制定详细地干预计划并对其进行心理咨询与治疗。结果治疗后来访者的焦虑、人际敏感、抑郁等消极情绪有了显著改善（P〈0.01）,社交恐惧障碍得到了有效控制,最终治愈。结论运用认知疗法、放松训练等心理技术对社交恐惧障碍进行治疗是有效的。     

1例大学生学习焦虑的认知行为干预

目的探讨大学生学习焦虑的心理机制及其干预办法,为学习焦虑的临床治疗提供参考。方法通过观察法、访谈法、贝克认知疗法、系统脱敏法和放松训练对1名具有学习焦虑症状的大学生进行个案实验研究。结果治疗前的焦虑自评量表(SAS)得分为62分,通过6次系统的咨询,焦虑自评量表(SAS)得分为50分,已恢复正常水平。结论通过认知疗法和系统脱敏法干预学习焦虑个案的临床效果显著,适合于普遍推广和使用。     

大学生对视恐惧的元认知心理干预个案研究

探讨元认知心理干预技术对大学生对视恐惧的有效性,为患有对视恐惧的学生提供帮助和指导。研究采用观察法、访谈法及元认知心理干预技术,对1名大学生对视恐惧进行心理干预。研究结果表明,在没使用任何药物辅助的情况下,通过8天共6次放松训练,来访者克服了对视恐惧障碍,并可以与同学、朋友和家人正常交往。5个月后回访,未见复发。     

Parent concerns and professional responses: the case of specific language impairment

BACKGROUND: GPs and health visitors are usually the first to be approached by parents concerned about their child's speech and language development in the early years. The role health professionals play in early detection of speech and language difficulties is therefore crucial to ensure timely referral for speech and language therapy. AIM: To examine parental accounts of health visitor and GP involvement in the assessment and diagnosis of their children's speech and language impairment. DESIGN OF STUDY: Qualitative retrospective interviews. SETTING: Two Local Education Authorities in Merseyside. METHOD: In-depth interviews were conducted with 40 parents. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Twenty per cent of interviews were analysed by an independent researcher and consensus reached on thematic content. RESULTS: In many cases, parents were the first to realise that there was something wrong with the speech and language development of their child. Parents reported that health professionals tended to underestimate speech and language problems, and failed to take parental views into account. In some cases, parents found that attending a specialist unit or hospital resulted in the children reaching school age before referral to speech and language therapy was made. In other cases, health professionals appeared to rely on the possibility of spontaneous recovery, and gave inappropriate advice to parents, which resulted in delayed referral to speech and language therapists. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals failed to use systematic, evidence-based approaches in responding to early parental concerns. For this group of parents, such an approach resulted in long delays in referral for specialist intervention.     

Psychophysiologic treatment of vocal cord dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is an obstructive upper airway syndrome that frequently mimics asthma and for which there is no empirical treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: To describe two military service members experiencing VCD who were treated with psychophysiologic self-regulation training. METHODS: Both cases were active-duty military members with VCD confirmed by laryngoscopy They each received biofeedback self-regulation training to decrease tension in the extrinsic laryngeal musculature. RESULTS: Both patients responded to the treatment, denied the presence of dsypnea, and had resumed military physical training. CONCLUSIONS: Psychophysiologic self-regulation strategies both with and without concurrent speech therapy positively impacted VCD symptoms.     

NBNA评价新生儿高胆红素血症分析

目的为了探讨非缺氧性原因所致的新生儿高胆红素血症对新生儿行为神经评估（NBNA）影响。方法我院2001年11月-2006年7月收治的88例足月5—7天龄非缺氧性原因所致的高胆红素血症病例;用NBNA测定来评价治疗前与对照组及其治疗后的差异。结果高胆红素血症对NBNA有影响,尤其在主动肌张力和行为能力。结论NBNA评价是高胆红素血症一种好的早期干预手段。     

社区原发性高血压患者生活质量调查

目的 :探讨社区高血压患者的生活质量及其影响因素。方法 :对 1992年参加社区原发性高血压综合干预跟踪研究的 177名患者进行随访及生活质量调查 ,被试者年龄范围 5 1～ 77岁。采用自编调查表和生活质量综合评定问卷 -74(GQOLI-74) ,完成各种测查者共 15 2人。结果 :79 6%的患者除服药外采用了调整生活方式、行为方式等非药物治疗的方法 ;生活质量问卷测查结果显示 ,被试者对健康状况和生活质量的总体评价及主观满意度在中等水平 (X±SD :12 89± 2 19) ;比较不同治疗模式下 (分为三组 :药物治疗 ,综合治疗 ,药物 运动治疗 )患者的生活质量 ,综合治疗组的物质生活维度、经济状况因子得分略高于其它两组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,药物 运动组的心理功能维度、正性情感因子及精神紧张度因子得分略高于其它两组(P <0 0 1)。结论 :综合干预措施对提高原发性高血压患者的生活质量、改善整体健康状况可起到积极的促进作用     

The Pediatric Psychologist's Role in Differential Diagnosis: Vocal-Cord Dysfunction Presenting as Asthma

Presented the case of an 11-year-old boy with vocal-cord dysfunction(VCD) as an example of a rare clinical phenomenon that may resultin clinical and systemic challenges for the pediatric psychologist.VCD presents as highly similar to asthma, yet is best treatedwith speech therapy and psychosocial intervention. The physicalsymptomatology of VCD and its conceptualization as a psychosomaticdisorder are described. Difficulties inherent in integratingpsychological factors into medical case formulation are discussed,and possible pitfalls and strategies are delineated     

心理干预对子宫全切患者的影响研究

目的探讨心理干预对子宫全切患者的康复效果。方法样本来自我院住院的100例子宫全切患者,随机分成两组,观察组和对照组各50例,于患者入院后第2天、术前1天及术后第3天进行SAS评分,观察组和对照组均接受常规护理,而观察组在此基础上由手术室护士实施术前、术中和术后的全程护理措施。结果与全国常模相比,所有子宫全切患者术前均存在明显的焦虑情绪;术前1天的SAS评分结果显示观察组的焦虑分值降低,而对照组则上升,两组有显著性差异（P＜0.01）;术后第3天SAS评分结果显示,两组均有不同程度的下降,但观察组与对照组组间相比仍有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论对子宫全切患者实施心理干预可降低病人的焦虑紧张情绪,减轻应激反应程度,调整病人的心理状态,对调动病人的主观能动性和自我控制能力,可产生积极的影响。     

A review of voice and upper airway function in chronic cough and paradoxical vocal cord movement

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Chronic cough and paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM) are perplexing conditions. This paper reviews the recent literature in relation to the nature of PVFM and chronic cough and the management of symptoms associated with these disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: There are similarities in the voice and upper airway symptoms in chronic cough and PVFM. Clinically significant voice symptoms are present in approximately 40% of individuals with chronic cough and PVFM and are similar to those occurring in voice disorders such as muscle tension dysphonia. Chronic cough can be associated with PVFM in a large proportion of cases. Extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness is a common underlying mechanism in PVFM and chronic cough. Speech pathology intervention can be effective in controlling symptoms in chronic cough, which suggests that the anatomic diagnostic protocol could be expanded to incorporate this intervention. Chronic cough that fails to respond to medical management should be conceptualized as either due to PVFM or idiopathic. PVFM and chronic cough are not necessarily the result of underlying psychopathology. SUMMARY: Chronic cough and PVFM manifest in a range of clinically significant voice and upper airway symptoms. The anatomic diagnostic protocol used in the management of chronic cough could be expanded to include PVFM as a potential cause of cough, and speech pathology intervention as treatment for chronic cough.