胺碘酮对起搏器术后快速心律失常的疗效与安全性

目的研究口服胺碘酮对起搏器术后各种快速心律失常的疗效和安全性,为安置人工心脏起搏器后伴发快速心律失常患者口服胺碘酮是否有效和安全提供证据.方法对36例置入永久心脏起搏器并口服胺碘酮治疗快速心律失常的患者进行疗效观察,并跟踪监测心室起搏阈值.另外40例为对照组、监测心室起搏阈值.结果胺碘酮有效率83.3%.术后两组均有心室起搏阈值升高.两组相比较,胺碘酮组较对照组升高更明显.结论胺碘酮对起搏器术后心室起搏阈值有一定影响,但仍在安全范围.     

双房单室三腔起搏器治疗病窦综合征并快速房性心律失常

观察双心房、单心室三腔起搏器治疗病窦综合征合并阵发性房性快速心律失常患者的疗效。三根电极导线分别置入冠状静脉窦内、右心耳和右室心尖部行三腔起搏。冠状窦电极导线与右心房电极导线通过一个Y型转接器构成心房部分。结果 :10例患者 ,9例经左锁骨下静脉径路置入导线 ,1例因存在残存左上腔静脉 ,从右锁骨下静脉置入。 10例中 9例冠状窦电极导线置于冠状静脉窦中部、1例置于冠状静脉窦远端。冠状窦起搏阈值为 1.0 6±0 .2 0V、起搏阻抗 6 11± 115 .8Ω、P波振幅为 4.0 7± 0 .88mV ;右室电极起搏阈值为 0 .5 3± 0 .12V、起搏阻抗 6 70 .3±191.7Ω、R波振幅为 9.6 6± 1.87mV。随访 5～ 2 4个月有 9例起搏器呈DDD工作方式 ,1例呈AAT工作方式。起搏和感知功能良好。 10例中 8例快速性房性心律失常完全控制 ,2例发作次数减少 ,持续时间明显缩短。无一例出现并发症。结论 :三腔起搏器技术安全、可靠。适合于缓慢型心律失常合并阵发性房性快速性心律失常     

主动固定螺旋电极右心室间隔部起搏参数变化随访研究

目的探讨主动固定螺旋电极右心室间隔部起搏阈值、感知阈值及电极阻抗变化情况。方法选择符合起搏器植入指征的患者61例,根据电极类型分为被动电极右心室心尖部起搏(RVA)26例与主动电极右心室间隔部起搏(RVS)35例,分别于术中及术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月测定起搏阈值、V波振幅及电极阻抗。结果术后被动电极起搏阈值增高,主动电极起搏阈值降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组感知功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后两组电极阻抗均下降,且主动电极组明显低于被动电极组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右心室间隔部起搏主动固定螺旋电极起搏阈值低、电极阻抗小,且起搏参数保持相对稳定。     

胺碘酮对起搏器植入后起搏阈值及室性心律失常的影响

<正>对于起搏器植入术后的患者常伴发各种快速心律失常,特别是伴有结构性心脏病患者需要应用抗心律失常药物治疗。胺碘酮是临床上在结构性心脏病中广泛使用的抗心律失常药物。目前关于胺碘酮对起搏器植入术后同时伴有快速室性心律失常的疗效及起搏阈值的相关研究性尚少。因此,本文对植入永久心脏起搏器并口服胺碘酮治疗快速心律失常的患者,观察其疗效及心室起搏阈值有无影响。     

胺碘酮对心室急性起搏阈值的影响

病态窦房结综合征伴有阵发性心房颤动(房颤)者临床常见，经常需要心脏起搏器与胺碘酮同时治疗。植入起搏器术后即刻起搏阈值不稳定，早期有一定程度的增高，这时使用胺碘酮是否会对心室起搏阈值产生明显影响，尚无文献报道。为此，对18例新近植人心脏起搏器并口服胺碘酮的病人进行心室起搏阈值监测，以期了解胺碘酮对心室急性起搏阈值的影响及其影响程度。     

老年患者起搏器置入术后主动固定电极参数可变性分析

目的比较老年患者起搏器置入术后主动固定电极参数的变化情况。方法入选62例接受主动固定电极置入的患者,将电极固定于右心室流出道间隔部33例作为流出道间隔组,右心室心尖间隔部29例作为心尖间隔组,分别于术中、术后48h和3个月测定起搏阈值及电极阻抗,分析其变化情况。结果 2组患者术后48h电极阻抗较术中明显下降(P<0.05),术后3个月较术后48h明显下降(P<0.05)。流出道间隔组术后3个月起搏阈值较术中及术后48h有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),心尖间隔组术中、术后48h及3个月起搏阈值无明显变化(P>0.05)。2组起搏阈值及电极阻抗比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年患者起搏器置入术中主动固定电极起搏阈值在术后3个月无明显变化,电极阻抗逐渐降低。     

双心房同步起搏技术治疗快速性房性心律失常5例报告

目的　研究应用双心房同步起搏技术治疗由房间传导阻滞引起的快速房性心律失常的作用。方法　 5例病人应用双心房同步起搏技术 ,其中 3例行三腔起搏 (双心房 +右心室 ) ,2例行双心房起搏 ( AAT)。冠状动脉窦电极均经锁骨下静脉放置 ,起搏器及电极导线均顺利植入 ,无脱位及穿孔等并发症。 5例冠状窦电极平均参数为 :P波振幅 4.5± 2 .6 8m V,起搏阻抗 880± 2 0 4.11Ω ,起搏阈值 0 .5 8± 0 .37V。结果　随访 2～ 12个月 ,除 1例需调整参数后不再复发外 ,其余 4例术后均无房性心律失常发生。结论　双心房同步起搏技术是治疗与预防房内、房间传导阻滞引起的房性快速性心律失常的有效方法     

具有心房自动阈值管理功能起搏器在病窦综合征患者中的临床应用

目的观察具有心房自动阈值管理功能起搏器在病窦综合征患者中的临床应用情况。方法18例病窦综合征患者置人具有心房自动阈值管理功能起搏器（Enpulse系列7例,Sensial系列5例,Adapta系列6例）,于置入时,置入后1周、1个月、6个月采用起搏分析仪及体外起搏器程控仪测定心房起搏阈值和阻抗,利用ACM进行术后阈值和阻抗的动态观察。结果测定的心房阈值与ACM测定值差异无统计学意义;心房起搏阈值均〈1．0V,心房起搏阈值于置入1个月后有下降趋势,阻抗未见明显变化。预期使用寿命6个月时测定为（8．7±2．4）年。结论病窦综合征患者置入具有心房自动阈值管理功能的起搏器心房起搏安全有效,起搏器预期使用寿命延长。     

右心室主动电极起搏的临床研究

目的:探讨右心室主动电极起搏与被动电极起搏二者之间起搏参数的差异。方法:永久心脏起搏器置入者186例,其中93例为右室间隔部主动电极起搏,93例为右室心尖部被动电极起搏,于置入时测试单极起搏阈值、感知及阻抗,所有患者的起搏脉宽均为0.42ms。结果:有效起搏时主动电极组与被动电极组比较,起搏阈值无差异(1.19±0.25:0.98±0.25)V(P>0.05),被动电极组感知显著高于主动电极组感知(8.57±5.08:7.69±4.21)mV(P<0.05),被动电极组阻抗显著高于主动电极组阻抗(718.6±239.5:656.9±165.5)Ω(P<0.05)。结论:被动电极即刻感知优于主动电极,阻抗则高于主动电极。     

强化他汀对病窦综合征双腔起搏术后心房纤颤的预防作用

目的探讨强化他汀治疗对病窦综合征双腔起搏术后心房纤颤的预防作用。方法选择双腔起搏术后仍有阵发性心房纤颤（AF）的患者88例,随机分为观察组与对照组各44例。两组在常规治疗的基础上观察组给予阿托伐汀40 mg,每晚顿服,对照组不予他汀药物治疗。对照组只在术后应用胺碘酮或普罗帕酮,观察组在术前7 d给予阿托伐他汀40 mg/d,每晚顿服,术后加服1个月,同时在术后应用胺碘酮或普罗帕酮。结果观察组术后1年AF发生率、持续时间、AF负荷均小于对照组,同时左房内径和血清C反应蛋白显著也小于对照组（P〈0.05）;两组起搏比例均无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论强化他汀对预防病窦综合征双腔起搏术后心房纤颤有重要作用。     

Association of congenital, diffuse electrical disease in children with normal heart: sick sinus syndrome, intraventricular conduction block, and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

Introduction: Rhythm disturbances in children with structurally normal hearts are usually associated with abnormalities in cardiac ion channels. The phenotypic expression of these abnormalities ("channelopathies") includes: long and short QT syndromes, Brugada syndrome, congenital sick sinus syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Lènegre-Lev disease, and/or different degrees of cardiac conduction disease.
Methods: The study group consisted of three male patients with sick sinus syndrome, intraventricular conduction disease, and monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia. Clinical data and results of electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, electrophysiology, and echocardiography are described.
Results: In all patients, the ECG during sinus rhythm showed right bundle branch block and long QT intervals. First-degree AV block was documented in two subjects, and J point elevation in one. A pacemaker was implanted in all cases due to symptomatic bradycardia (sick sinus syndrome). Atrial tachyarryhthmias were observed in two patients. The common characteristic ventricular arrhythmia was a monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia, inducible with ventricular stimulation and sensitive to lidocaine. In one patient, radiofrequency catheter ablation was successfully performed. No structural abnormalities were found in echocardiography in the study group.
Conclusion: Common clinical and ECG features suggest a common pathophysiology in this group of patients with congenital severe electrical disease.     

胺碘酮和毛花甙C转复阵发性心房颤动及 心房扑动疗效的比较

目的对比胺碘酮和毛花甙C治疗阵发性心房颤动(房颤)及心房扑动(房扑)的疗效。方法阵发性房颤及房扑发作1～72h,随机分为胺碘酮组(30例)和毛花甙C组(28例),毛花甙C组静脉注射毛花甙C0.4～0.8mg;胺碘酮组静脉注射胺碘酮150或225mg后改为静脉滴注150～450mg,观察其复律情况,心室率的变化,QT间期及药物副作用。结果毛花甙C组,阵发性房颤24例,复律成功11例,阵发性房扑4例,复律成功2例。胺碘酮组,阵发性房颤25例,复律成功19例,阵发性房扑5例,复律成功3例。两组未复律者心室率均有明显控制,QT间期及副作用差异无显著性意义;毛花甙C组复律平均时间3.5h,胺碘酮组平均复律时间6.5h。结论阵发性房颤及房扑的复律胺碘酮疗效高于毛花甙C,二者心室率的控制及副作用无显著性差别,复律时间毛花甙C短于胺碘酮。     

Arrhythmic profiles evaluated by Holter's technique in sick sinus syndrome

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate in a group of patients with sick sinus syndrome: 1) Characteristics of arrhythmia on Holter monitoring. 2) Value of Holter monitoring to select patients for pacemaker implantation. SETTING: Department of Cardiology in a Central Hospital. METHODS: In 40 patients (27 men and 13 women, aged 37 to 83 years) Holter monitoring during a 24-hour period was performed. According to the arrhythmia profiles four groups of patients were considered: group A--with severe sinus bradycardia; group B--with sinus bradycardia associated to sinoatrial exit block or to sinus pauses; group C--characterized by the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome and group D--defined by the finding of atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response. Symptoms and the presence of structural heart disease were evaluated. RESULTS: In this patients population, 24 patients had coronary artery disease and/or hypertensive heart disease. A severe sinus bradycardia was found in 14 patients (group A) and in other 11 patients it was accompanied by sinoatrial exist block of sinus pauses (group B); 12 patients had the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome (group C) and periods of atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response were found in 3 other patients (Group D). Nonspecific clinical pattern was observed in this population. CONCLUSIONS: Holter monitoring was important to the diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome and for posterior definitive pacemaker implantation. Coronary artery disease and/or hypertensive heart disease were the main pathologies found in this study, being the severe sinus bradycardia and the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome the principal manifestations of the sick sinus syndrome.     

Comparison of amiodarone and quinidine in the conversion to sinusal rhythm of atrial fibrillation of recent onset

The effectiveness of amiodarone and quinidine in converting atrial fibrillation of recent onset (less than three weeks) to sinus rhythm was compared in a randomized, open-label study. Patients with signs of heart failure determining a NYHA class 3 or 4, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, sick sinus syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, conduction disturbances, dysthyroidism, or undergoing concomitant therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs, were excluded from the study. Sixty-eight consecutive patients were randomized to receive amiodarone (group A) or quinidine (group B). Group A was treated with amiodarone intravenously as a bolus of 5 mg/Kg over a 20 min period followed by a 15 mg/Kg infusion during the first 24 hours and then orally at a dose of 0.4 g every 6 hours. Group B was treated with quinidine sulphate orally at a dose of 0.2 g every 6 hours during the first day; 0.4 g every 6 hours the second day and 0.6 g every 6 hours during the third day of therapy. Quinidine was preceded by rapid intravenous digitalization depending on the patient's clinical status so as to obtain a ventricular rate of about 100 beats/min, with subsequent oral digitalis administration in maintenance doses. Both treatments were continued until conversion or for a maximum of three days. If the sinus rhythm was not restored, patients underwent electrical cardioversion. Drug efficacy was assessed on the basis of conversion to sinus rhythm. Six patients converted to sinus rhythm with intravenous digitalization alone and were excluded from the comparison between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

风湿性心脏瓣膜病并发心房颤动在围手术期的复律研究

探讨围手术期口服小剂量胺碘酮结合术中心脏表面直接电击复律在风湿性心脏瓣膜病并发心房颤动 (简称房颤 )患者围手术期复律中的应用价值。选取 30例病人 ,其中实验组 15例 ,围手术期应用胺碘酮 ,术中开放循环后 ,根据心脏自动复跳情况采用电击复律。对照组 15例 ,除不用胺碘酮外 ,其它处理同实验组。结果 :实验组开放循环后 ,有 3例自动恢复窦性心律 ,其余经电击除颤仅 1例房颤未能除去 ;对照组仅有 1例自动恢复窦性心律 ,且有 9例房颤未能最终除去。实验组即时、近期和远期窦律维持情况均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :风湿性心脏瓣膜病并发的房颤在围手术期口服胺碘酮 ,并在术中给予心脏表面直接电击除颤 ,较传统复律方法复律效果好 ,且更为安全 ,可提高房颤的转复率 ,减少术后复发率。     

Benefits of dual chamber pacing in sick sinus syndrome

The effects of DDD (fully automatic) and VVI (ventricular demand) pacing modes on exercise tolerance, symptom diary cards, and Holter monitoring were investigated in a randomised double blind crossover study of 16 patients who had had DDD pacemakers implanted because of frequent syncope. Eight patients presented with sick sinus syndrome and, with one exception, retrograde atrioventricular conduction and eight age and sex matched patients presented with 2:1 or complete atrioventricular block. Maximal symptom limited exercise in those with atrioventricular block was significantly higher after one month of DDD pacing than after VVI pacing. In those with sick sinus syndrome, however, maximal effort tolerance was not significantly different for the two pacing modes. In all but one patient with sick sinus syndrome sinus rhythm developed during exercise in VVI pacing. For both VVI and DDD modes maximal atrial rates were significantly lower in those with sick sinus syndrome. Palpitation and general wellbeing were significantly improved during DDD pacing in the eight patients with sick sinus syndrome. Shortness of breath was improved by DDD pacing in the eight patients with atrioventricular block but not in those with sick sinus syndrome. Holter monitoring showed that sick sinus syndrome patients remained in paced rhythm, either DDD or VVI, for most of the 24 hour period. DDD pacing was better than VVI pacing in sick sinus syndrome with retrograde atrioventricular conduction. Despite their ability to show sinus rhythm and inhibit their pacemakers on exercise patients with sick sinus syndrome are just as likely to have symptomatic benefit from DDD pacing as patients with atrioventricular block.     

Benefits of dual chamber pacing in sick sinus syndrome.

The effects of DDD (fully automatic) and VVI (ventricular demand) pacing modes on exercise tolerance, symptom diary cards, and Holter monitoring were investigated in a randomised double blind crossover study of 16 patients who had had DDD pacemakers implanted because of frequent syncope. Eight patients presented with sick sinus syndrome and, with one exception, retrograde atrioventricular conduction and eight age and sex matched patients presented with 2:1 or complete atrioventricular block. Maximal symptom limited exercise in those with atrioventricular block was significantly higher after one month of DDD pacing than after VVI pacing. In those with sick sinus syndrome, however, maximal effort tolerance was not significantly different for the two pacing modes. In all but one patient with sick sinus syndrome sinus rhythm developed during exercise in VVI pacing. For both VVI and DDD modes maximal atrial rates were significantly lower in those with sick sinus syndrome. Palpitation and general wellbeing were significantly improved during DDD pacing in the eight patients with sick sinus syndrome. Shortness of breath was improved by DDD pacing in the eight patients with atrioventricular block but not in those with sick sinus syndrome. Holter monitoring showed that sick sinus syndrome patients remained in paced rhythm, either DDD or VVI, for most of the 24 hour period. DDD pacing was better than VVI pacing in sick sinus syndrome with retrograde atrioventricular conduction. Despite their ability to show sinus rhythm and inhibit their pacemakers on exercise patients with sick sinus syndrome are just as likely to have symptomatic benefit from DDD pacing as patients with atrioventricular block.     

Effect of amiodarone on sinus node function in patients with sick sinus syndrome

The effect of amiodarone on sinus node function has been studied in 9 patients with symptomatic sick sinus node as documented by Holter-ECG. All patients had programmable dual-chamber pacemakers. Sinus node activity was assessed by intermittently inhibiting the pacemakers before and after four weeks of oral amiodarone treatment. Sinus node function was not altered by amiodarone in 5 patients but was severely depressed in 4 patients. Thus, it is concluded that amiodarone cannot be used safely in all patients with the tachybrady syndrome for the treatment of symptomatic tachyarrhythmias without concomitant pacing.