超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术的护理配合

对17例行超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术的患者,采取相应的护理措施。结果17例均顺利完成检查,未发生出血、穿孔等并发症。提示周密的术前准备,术中熟练的操作配合及严密监护,术后的观察和护理是检查成功的重要保证。     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检诊断胰腺黏液性病变的系统回顾及Meta分析

背景目前术前明确诊断胰腺囊性病变（PCLs）的良恶性难度仍然较大,绝大多数非黏液囊性病变（NMCLs）为良性病变,而黏液囊性病变（MCLs）则具有潜在的恶性倾向,因此术前明确诊断恶性胰腺囊性病变具有重要的临床意义。目的本系统回顾及Meta分析比较了内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸（EUS-FNA）活检在诊断MCLs和NMCLs中的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值（LRs）等指标。方法选择MEDLINE、SCOPUS、Cochrane及＂CINAHL Plus＂等数据库中的相关研究进行分析,将EUS-FNA活检结果与手术活检及手术切除病检结果进行比较分析。绘制累积敏感度、特异度和预测值DerSimonian-Laird随机效应模型及总ROC曲线进行评价。结果 11项对EUS-FNA活检结果、手术活检及手术切除病检结果的相关研究进入本系统回顾及Meta分析。MCLs的累积敏感度和特异度分别为0.63（95%CI：0.56~0.70）和0.88（95%CI：0.83~0.93）,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为4.46（95%CI：1.21~16.43）和0.46（95%CI：0.25~0.86）,总曲线下面积为0.89。结论内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸活检诊断胰腺黏液囊性病变敏感度较低,但特异度高。如何提高敏感度有待进一步研究。     

超声引导下经皮细针穿刺抽吸与粗针穿刺活检在胰腺占位性病变中的应用价值分析

目的 研究超声引导下经皮细针穿刺抽吸与超声引导经皮粗针穿刺活检（CNB）在胰腺占位中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析本院2020年1月至2023年1月收治的72例胰腺占位性病变患者的临床资料,按照穿刺方式不同,分为A组（n=31）和B组（n=41）,A组应用超声引导下经皮细针穿刺抽吸,B组应用超声引导下CNB。以最终手术病理作为金标准,观察并比较两组患者诊断及穿刺效能差异情形,评价超声引导下经皮细针穿刺抽吸与CNB的价值。结果 B组患者轻微并发症发生率为64.52%,其中轻度疼痛15例,中度疼痛3例,一过性晕厥2例,A组为26.83%,其中轻度疼痛8例,中度疼痛3例,未见一过性晕厥,B组患者轻微并发症发生率明显高于A组患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。A组患者敏感度、准确率明显低于B组患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 超声引导下经皮细针穿刺抽吸与CNB在胰腺占位性病变中均具有良好的诊断价值,其中超声引导下经皮细针穿刺抽吸并发症发生率较低,CNB诊断敏感度和准确率较高。     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术的护理配合

对17例行超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术的患者,采取相应的护理措施.结果 17例均顺利完成检查,未发生出血、穿孔等并发症.提示周密的术前准备,术中熟练的操作配合及严密监护,术后的观察和护理是检查成功的重要保证.     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)在胰腺占位性病变中的诊断价值及安全性评估

目的探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺术(EUS-FNA)对胰腺占位性疾病的诊断价值和安全性。方法回顾性分析我科2011年1月至2015年10月对92例胰腺占位患者行EUS-FNA检查的病史资料,结合术后并发症、开腹探查结果及术后的病理结果,评估EUS-FNA对胰腺占位性病变术前诊断率、相关血管侵犯准确性、手术可切除性和安全性。结果全部患者均成功完成EUS-FNA操作,仅1例出现贲门黏膜轻度撕裂出血,保守治疗痊愈,无胆瘘、消化道穿孔、胰腺炎等严重并发症出现,成功获得病变组织条86例(93.5%),获得病理诊断69例(80.2%),无法诊断为17例(19.8%),肿瘤小于2cm和临床诊断为非肿瘤病例是无法获得病理诊断的两个重要因素,超声探测20例肿块与血管侧壁侵犯,准确率为83.3%(20 vs 24例),预计不可切除8例,准确性达100%。结论 EUS-FNA在进行胰腺占位病变的术前诊断是安全可行的,但诊断率偏低,对判断肿块与血管侵犯情况和可切除性上有较高的参考价值。     

超声引导下经皮细针穿刺抽吸及穿刺活检诊断胰腺占位性病变

目的 观察超声引导下经皮细针穿刺抽吸(FNA)及穿刺活检(CNB)诊断胰腺占位性病变的价值。方法 回顾性分析112例接受超声引导下FNA和/或CNB的胰腺占位性病变患者、共114组穿刺病理,根据穿刺方式将其分为FNA组(n=53)及CNB组(n=61)。以手术病理或临床随访为金标准,对比组间患者一般资料、穿刺及诊断效能差异,分析影响穿刺并发症发生的因素,评价FNA及CNB的价值。 结果 114组病理中,113组(99.12%,113/114)取材满意;FNA组取材满意率为98.11%(52/53),CNB组为100%(61/61)。穿刺过程中38例出现轻、中度疼痛、1例一过性晕厥,未见严重并发症。FNA组并发症及疼痛发生率均低于CNB组(P均<0.05),FNA诊断胰腺占位性病变的准确率和敏感度亦低于CNB(P均<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,年龄和穿刺方式是并发症的独立影响因素。结论 超声引导下经皮FNA及CNB均可安全有效地诊断胰腺占位性病变;CNB诊断准确率及敏感度较高,而FNA并发症率较低。     

超声内镜下的细针穿刺诊断胰腺肿块24例分析

目的探讨超声内镜下细针穿刺对于胰腺肿块诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院2011年1月～2012年1月经胰腺肿块24例病人诊断结果。结果超声内镜引导下的细针穿刺证实肿瘤11例,全组无一例出现并发症同时无一例死亡。结论超声内镜下的细针穿刺一种有效的诊断手段。     

超声造影引导经皮穿刺活检诊断胰腺占位性病变

目的探讨应用CEUS引导经皮穿刺活检对胰腺占位性病变的临床应用价值。方法对因胰腺占位性病变需行穿刺活检、但常规超声定位困难的49例患者行CEUS引导下经皮穿刺活检,以所取组织能够作出明确病理诊断为取材满意;随访至少6个月,以术后病理诊断或随访影像学检查结果为最终临床诊断。结果本组穿刺活检满意率为95.92%(47/49),取材满意者穿刺活检的诊断准确率为97.87%(46/47)。术后恶心呕吐、发热及胆汁性腹膜炎各1例(1/49,2.04%)。结论对于常规超声不能准确定位的胰腺占位性病变,以CEUS引导穿刺可以提高取材的准确性,降低并发症发生率。     

超声内镜引导下胰腺穿刺患者的护理

对47例超声内镜引导下行胰腺穿刺的患者进行回顾性探讨.结果确诊率为66.0%,未出现明显不良反应.提出检查前做好物品准备及针对性的心理护理,可解除患者心理障碍.加强术中生命体征的观察及术后针对可能出现的并发症进行护理,能保证检查顺利进行.     

超声内镜引导下胰腺穿刺患者的护理

对47例超声内镜引导下行胰腺穿刺的患者进行回顾性探讨。结果确诊率为66.0%,未出现明显不良反应。 提出检查前做好物品准备及针对性的心理护理,可解除患者心理障碍。加强术中生命体征的观察及术后针对可能 出现的并发症进行护理,能保证检查顺利进行。     

CT guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of biliopancreatic lesions: Report of 30 cases

CT guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed on 30 patients with pancreatic and periampullary neoplasms, in the Department of Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, between March 1985 and January 1986. We obtained positive cytodiagnosis from all cases of carcinoma of the pancreatic head (9 cases), body and tail (4 cases), and ampullary carcinomas (5 cases) (100 per cent). In 2 of 3 duodenal carcinomas (66.6 per cent), and 6 of 7 distal common duct carcinomas (86 per cent), a positive cytodiagnosis was also obtained. On the other hand, 2 cases of pancreatitis both gave a negative cytodiagnosis, i.e. no false positives were obtained. Out of the 30 cases who underwent CT guided biopsy, a correct diagnosis was obtained in 28, i.e. a diagnostic accuracy of 93.3 per cent. The cytodiagnosis of the other two cases was either suspicious or false negative. There have been no clinical complications noted.     

超声内镜引导下细针抽吸活检术的并发症的临床观察

目的评估超声内镜引导下细针抽吸活检术(EUS-FNA)相关并发症发生率及可能原因。方法选择2009年10月至2014年10月我院住院期间行EUS-FNA患者,分析并发症发生情况。结果共108例患者行EUS-FNA,其中74例行胰腺占位穿刺,17例行食管占位穿刺,10例行胃部占位穿刺,5例行十二指肠壶腹部占位穿刺,2例行直肠占位穿刺。并发症发生情况包括术后2例(1.85%)出现感染,2例(1.85%)出现腹痛,经内科对症治疗后好转,无术后出血、消化道穿孔或急性胰腺炎等并发症。结论 EUS-FNA相关并发症发生率低,是一项较为安全的检查方法。     

二维超声在甲状腺细针穿刺中的应用

目的 通过对甲状腺恶性结节超声特征的筛选,探讨超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查对甲状腺结节术前评估的意义.方法 回顾2010年12月-2011年8月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科进行超声检查、超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查并行手术治疗的39例甲状腺结节患者.将超声特征、细针穿刺细胞学结果与术后病理进行对照分析,筛选恶性结节的超声特征.结果 超声引导下甲状腺结节细针穿刺细胞学的灵敏度为80.0％,特异度为89.4％,误诊率为11.0％,漏诊率为20.0％.甲状腺结节实性、纵横比≥1、钙化直径＜2mm、形态不规则、边界欠清、Ⅲ型血流等超声特征在恶性结节和良性结节中差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中纵横比及形态的特异度较高,分别为90.5％及85.7％.但没有一个单独的超声特征集高灵敏度、高阳性预测值为一体可作为评估甲状腺恶性结节的指标.结论 具备任意两项特异性超声特征的结节可作为高危恶性结节进行细针穿刺,可减少实施穿刺的例数.     

The diagnostic value of image guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy in equivocal mediastinal masses

Background and aims The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of image guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in equivocal mediastinal masses.Patients Sixty-six patients with an equivocal mediastinal mass who underwent FNA biopsy between 1993 and 2003 were eligible for final analysis. The cytological and definitive diagnosis of masses were grouped as primary 22 (33%)−30 (46%) and secondary (metastatic) neoplasms 18 (27%)−18 (27%) and nonneoplastic lesions 20 (30%)−18 (%27) respectively.Results The diagnostic accuracy (%95 C.I.) of FNA biopsy for primary mediastinal neoplasms, secondary neoplasms and nonneoplastic lesions were found to be 93.3 (83.8–98.2)%, 100 (95.1–100)%, 93.3 (83.8–98.2)%, respectively.Conclusion Image guided percutaneous FNA biopsy is a safe and highly accurate diagnostic method for equivocal mediastinal masses.     

A sensitivity and specificity comparison of fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in evaluation of suspicious breast lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeBreast cancer detections for women with suspicious lesions mainly depend on two non-operative pathological tests-fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB). The aim of this systematic review was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of CNB and FNAC in this setting.MethodsThe data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) till February 2016. We included prospective series of studies which directly compared the accuracy of FNAC and CNB. We used forest plots to display the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC and CNB respectively. Pre-specified subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were conducted.ResultsUltimately, 12 articles (1802 patients) were included in the final analysis. The pooled analysis shows that the sensitivity of CNB is better than that of FNAC [87% (95% CI, 84%–88%, I² = 88.5%) versus 74% (95% CI, 72%–77%, I² = 88.3%)] and the specificity of CNB is similar to that of FNAC [98% (95% CI, 96%–99%, I² = 76.2%) versus 96% (95% CI, 94%–98%, I² = 39.0%)]. For subgroup analysis, the sensitivities of both tests are better for palpable lesions than that of non-palpable lesions. Sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the primary analysis.ConclusionOur study suggests that both of FNAC and CNB have good clinical performance. In similar circumstances, the sensitivity of CNB is better than that of FNAC, while their specificities are similar. FNAC could be still considered the first choice to evaluate suspicious nonpalpable breast lesions.     

我国甲状腺结节细针穿刺活检技术应用现状及进展

细针穿刺活检（FNAB）作为甲状腺结节诊断的新技术,以其高敏感度和高特异度被国内外医疗工作者广泛认可。我国FNAB技术起步相对较晚,各地技术掌握水平参差不齐。纵观近10年甲状腺结节FNAB临床报道发现,我国FNAB发展具有迅猛发展、热点层出的特征,然而,在临床指征把握、穿刺取材以及结果判读上仍存在良莠不齐、有待规范等问题。因此,严格把握穿刺指征、获取满意穿刺标本和准确判读穿刺结果有助于FNAB质量控制措施的全面施行,推进甲状腺疾病迈向精准医疗时代。     

Preoperative evaluation of hepatic lesions for the staging of hepatocellular and metastatic liver carcinoma using endoscopic ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive imaging techniques, such as dynamic computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and transabdominal ultrasonography are limited in their ability to detect hepatic lesions less than one cm. Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) is currently the most sensitive modality for the detection of small hepatic lesions. However, IOUS is invasive requiring laparoscopy or formal laparotomy. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of using endoscopic ultrasonograhpy (EUS) for the detection and diagnosis of hepatic masses in patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCCA) and metastatic lesions (ML). We hypothesized that EUS could detect small (<1.0 cm) hepatic lesions undetectable by CT scan and could be used for biopsy of deep-seated hepatic lesions. METHODS: Consecutive patients referred for EUS with suspected liver lesions were evaluated between July 2000 and October 2001. All patients underwent EUS using an Olympus (EM30) radial echoendoscope. If liver lesions were confirmed and fine needle aspiration (FNA) was deemed necessary, a linear array scope was used and an FNA performed with a 22-gauge needle. Two passes were made for each lesion. RESULTS: 14 patients underwent evaluation with dynamic CT scans and EUS. In all 14 patients, EUS successfully identified hepatic lesions ranging in size from 0.3 cm to 14 cm (right lobe: n = 3, left lobe: n = 1, bilobar: n = 8). Moreover, EUS identified new or additional lesions in 28% (4 of 14) of the patients, all less than 0.5 cm in size (HCCA: n = 2, ML: n = 2), influencing the clinical management. In 2 of 14 patients EUS identified liver lesions, previously described as suspicious by CT scan, to be hemangiomas. Nine patients underwent EUS-guided FNA of hepatic lesions (deep seated: n = 3, superficial: n = 6). All FNA passes yielded adequate specimens (malignant: n = 8, benign: n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience suggests that EUS is a feasible preoperative staging tool for liver masses suspected to be HCCA or metastatic lesions. EUS can detect small hepatic lesions previously undetected by dynamic CT scans. Furthermore, EUS-guided FNA can confirm additional HCCA liver lesions or liver metastases, in deep-seated locations, upstaging patients and changing clinical management.     

细针穿刺抽吸活检诊断甲状腺乳头状癌准确率的影响因素

目的 观察细针穿刺抽吸活检(FNAB)诊断甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)准确率的影响因素。方法 回顾性纳入468例术前接受FNAB并经术后病理确诊的单发PTC患者,观察临床、超声及病理学特征对FNAB诊断准确率的影响。结果FNAB诊断PTC的准确率为71.37%(334/468)。PTC结节最大径及其位置是影响FNAB诊断准确率的因素。结节最大径0.7 cm为FNAB诊断PTC的最佳截断值;FNAB对最大径<0.7 cm及 ≥ 0.7 cm结节的诊断准确率分别为62.96%(119/189)和77.06%(215/279)。FNAB诊断穿刺困难区及容易区PTC的准确率分别为52.53%(52/99)和76.42%(282/369),诊断容易区最大径 ≥ 0.7 cm、困难区最大径 ≥ 0.7 cm、容易区最大径<0.7 cm及困难区最大径<0.7 cm PTC的准确率分别为80.43%(185/230)、61.22%(30/49)、69.78%(97/139)及44.00%(22/50)。结论 PTC最大径及其位置均为FNAB诊断准确率的影响因素。     

细针穿刺细胞学检查对乳腺癌的诊断意义

目的 探讨细针穿刺细胞学检查对乳腺癌的诊断意义。方法 用带7号针头的一次性塑料5～10ml注射器，对439例病人的乳腺和腋下肿物进行细针穿刺细胞学检查，并与术后诊断作比较，观察其准确率。结果 本组病例作细针穿刺细胞学检查的准确率达97．2％。结论 细针穿刺细胞学检查安全、方便、准确率高，可作为乳腺癌的一种常规检查手段。