我国残疾人康复工作近况调查分析报告

目的通过对2004～2007年间残疾人康复现状的调查,为我国今后康复机构的设置、康复人才队伍的建设提供有力依据和指导残疾人康复计划目标的制定。方法采用文献检索法获取我国残疾人康复现状的大部分宏观数据和康复的总体计划目标,以及利用现场调查法调查北京市、山东省、黑龙江省、陕西省、云南省5个具有代表性的地区,补充收集残疾人康复现状的相关数据,在此基础上进行统计学分析。结果每年获得康复的残疾人数量逐年大幅度增加,增长率分别为2005年7.3%、2006年24.3%、2007年22.4%;肢体残疾和精神病康复的人数增长幅度最大,远远超过国家计划(超额完成率分别为192.7%和242.1%),其他康复项目都不同程度地超额完成国家任务数,超额完成率都>10%;各康复项目都成倍地超计划地完成国家布置的康复任务;不同地区的康复相关数据各有其特点,受到当地各种因素的影响。结论国家总体康复策略应在"十五"和"十一五"计划目标的基础上进一步完善;地方性康复策略应以当地的医疗卫生条件、地域特点、致残率、经济发展程度、文化背景为基础,以残疾人康复需求为目标。     

2006年中国孤独症儿童相关残疾状况分析

目的了解中国儿童孤独症相关的残疾流行病学数据,为相关工作者提供参考。方法抽取2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中0～17岁孤独症残疾儿童的资料进行数据分析。结果 2006年中国0～17岁儿童中孤独症残疾率为0.212‰,男童孤独症残疾率(0.282‰)显著高于女童(0.132‰)(χ2=16.119,P=0.000),低年龄组儿童孤独症残疾率显著高于高年龄组(Linear-by-Linear As-sociation=30.101,P=0.000),城乡儿童孤独症残疾率无显著性差异(χ2=0.093,P=0.760);孤独症儿童残疾程度排列依次为:重度(32.8%),极重度(26.0%),轻度(22.1%),中度(19.1%);孤独症残疾儿童中接受过康复训练与服务的占73.3%,未接受过的占26.7%。结论孤独症残疾儿童是个较大群体,他们的康复、教育问题,特别是成年后的养护问题等都亟待社会的关注。     

广州市残疾人康复情况调查分析

目的调查残疾人接受康复的情况。方法2004年广州市政府批准对广州市13个区（市）持有残疾证的残疾人85397名进行了全面调查,分析其中康复治疗情况、康复效果、康复场所、康复操作者等有关情况。结果和结论接受康复治疗情况调查66614名,接受康复效果调查54650名,接受康复场所调查46808名,接受康复操作调查44794名。康复效果不理想的比例相当大,其原因是大多数残疾人没有接受正规系统的康复训练,康复场所多为家庭,缺乏训练设备,康复操作者为非专业人员,缺乏康复技术。     

残疾基本常识普及程度的社会调查

为了解中等城市残疾基本常识的普及程度,对280人进行了专题社会调查,包括国家在职人员、离退休人员、工人、个体户和无职业者、学生、农民.结果表明:我国中等城市中有2/3的公众知道《残疾人保障法》和每年一度的助残日.92%的被调查对象认为应该给予残疾人更多的关怀,91.5%的人认为残疾人应该享受与健康人同等的权利,77.7%的被调查对象听说过“康复”这个词,65.4%的人认为康复与恢复健康或功能有关.说明我国多年来残疾基本常识的普及教育工作已经取得良好的社会影响.但是调查也发现尚有1/3的公众不知道我国有《残疾人保障法》和每年一度的助残日,这一人群中以个体户(含无职业者)和农民为主,其中54.1%的人同时对康复也一无所知.提示:今后普及残疾基本常识的社会宜传应进一步扩大范围及强化.     

社区康复在残疾人康复体系中的意义及发展现状

社区康复作为社区发展计划的一项康复策略,具有覆盖面广、方便、经济、有效的特点,可有效提高社区残疾人的生存质量,在我国得到发展推广。目前在残疾人中开展社区康复也面临诸多问题,已不能满足社区残疾人多样化的康复需求,所以宣传社区康复理念、建立康复队伍、加强多部门合作,重视农村社区康复发展成为必然趋势。     

Improving functions in leprotic hands

Purpose : In the developed countries there is a shift in the rehabilitation strategy from community based services to work site based services for the disabled. Leprosy disabled are more at a disadvantage that many of them have not had the benefit of disability prevention activities and harbour such hand deformities for which the only solution is community based rehabilitation. Method/Results : Of the various modalities of rehabilitation the authors consider one for this article suitable for work site based rehabilitation as the Modulan grip-aids. Conclusion : Essential components of the material and its uses are described with examples.     

A research study into the requirements of disabled residents for rehabilitation services in Beijing

Purpose.?Rehabilitation services need strengthening further. This study explores a sample of the population in Beijing in order to establish the extent of medical impairments and disabilities. It describes the present utilization of rehabilitation by different economic groups of the population and also explores the attitudes of these same groups to the concepts inherent in rehabilitation. The conclusions are that a considerable information program is needed to help people with disabilities to access and utilize services appropriately. Finally, it concludes that the present Rehabilitation Services need to be professionally improved and expanded.

Background.?In China, the spectrum of disease is changing, along with the development of society, and progress in science and technology. The requirements of people for medical rehabilitation following major accidents, and acute or chronic disease, leading to disability and handicap, increase year by year. This is especially so now, with the added geriatric problems of an aging population. At present, rehabilitation services and resources within this country are limited. It is difficult to meet the immediate or long-term needs of disabled persons. Recently, there have been many national publications describing the requirements and discussing those factors which influence Rehabilitation Service provision, but much of this discussion has been theoretically based, rather than facing practical issues. We can find no studies describing the nature and extent of disabling disorders in the Beijing population and, in particular, few formal studies relating the provision of rehabilitation services to that population in need of this essential management process. We have therefore carried out a survey-based study to demonstrate the present rehabilitation service requirements for disabled residents in some typical Beijing urban districts. We have also looked at those factors which influence clients to accept the various services which are available to them at present. This will, we suggest, provide an epidemiological and demographic analysis with data on which to base future policies for government services to best meet these requirements.

Method.?A series of comprehensive questionnaires were designed, in order to investigate the demographic characters, health conditions, knowledge of rehabilitation services, and social status of the interviewees. Some 460 disabled residents from three districts in the city of Beijing were selected. They were randomized, with multi-stage cluster sampling for in-house survey.

Results.?Some 74.78% of interviewees expressed a need for rehabilitation, at different levels, but only 26.73% received any services. Factors influencing requests for community rehabilitation services for disabled residents in Beijing included income, nature of disability, awareness of rehabilitation services and the nature of services supplied. The expressed needs for rehabilitation services by disabled residents in communities in Beijing urban districts are real, and are largely unmet. Only a few of the disabled received any services. Factors influencing disabled residents' abilities to access rehabilitation service, included the nature and degree of disability, the economic status of the residents, the quality and nature of the rehabilitation programs and treatment available, and the knowledge by clients of the existence and availability of these services.

Conclusion.?More effective measures need to be taken to make the appropriate Rehabilitation Services more available to community residents with medical disabilities.     

肢体残疾成人社会生活状况和心理健康的关系

对１４０裂支全残疾成人进行社会生活状况和心理健康状况的配对调查研究。结果：肢体残疾成人社会支持水平低于非残疾人,在人格特征方面情绪稳定性得分明显高于非残疾人,性格内外向得分明显低于非残疾人,表明肢体残疾尬具有人倾,情绪不稳定的人格特征;在心理健康方面,残疾人心理症状评发高于非线病人。逐步回归和Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ因归分析表明,影响残疾人心理健康的主要因素是人格,其次残疾年限等。提示不良的生活环境和条件     

A research study into the requirements of disabled residents for rehabilitation services in Beijing

Purpose. Rehabilitation services need strengthening further. This study explores a sample of the population in Beijing in order to establish the extent of medical impairments and disabilities. It describes the present utilization of rehabilitation by different economic groups of the population and also explores the attitudes of these same groups to the concepts inherent in rehabilitation. The conclusions are that a considerable information program is needed to help people with disabilities to access and utilize services appropriately. Finally, it concludes that the present Rehabilitation Services need to be professionally improved and expanded.

Background. In China, the spectrum of disease is changing, along with the development of society, and progress in science and technology. The requirements of people for medical rehabilitation following major accidents, and acute or chronic disease, leading to disability and handicap, increase year by year. This is especially so now, with the added geriatric problems of an aging population. At present, rehabilitation services and resources within this country are limited. It is difficult to meet the immediate or long-term needs of disabled persons. Recently, there have been many national publications describing the requirements and discussing those factors which influence Rehabilitation Service provision, but much of this discussion has been theoretically based, rather than facing practical issues. We can find no studies describing the nature and extent of disabling disorders in the Beijing population and, in particular, few formal studies relating the provision of rehabilitation services to that population in need of this essential management process. We have therefore carried out a survey-based study to demonstrate the present rehabilitation service requirements for disabled residents in some typical Beijing urban districts. We have also looked at those factors which influence clients to accept the various services which are available to them at present. This will, we suggest, provide an epidemiological and demographic analysis with data on which to base future policies for government services to best meet these requirements.

Method. A series of comprehensive questionnaires were designed, in order to investigate the demographic characters, health conditions, knowledge of rehabilitation services, and social status of the interviewees. Some 460 disabled residents from three districts in the city of Beijing were selected. They were randomized, with multi-stage cluster sampling for in-house survey.

Results. Some 74.78% of interviewees expressed a need for rehabilitation, at different levels, but only 26.73% received any services. Factors influencing requests for community rehabilitation services for disabled residents in Beijing included income, nature of disability, awareness of rehabilitation services and the nature of services supplied. The expressed needs for rehabilitation services by disabled residents in communities in Beijing urban districts are real, and are largely unmet. Only a few of the disabled received any services. Factors influencing disabled residents' abilities to access rehabilitation service, included the nature and degree of disability, the economic status of the residents, the quality and nature of the rehabilitation programs and treatment available, and the knowledge by clients of the existence and availability of these services.

Conclusion. More effective measures need to be taken to make the appropriate Rehabilitation Services more available to community residents with medical disabilities.     

Improving functions in leprotic hands

Purpose: In the developed countries there is a shift in the rehabilitation strategy from community based services to work site based services for the disabled. Leprosy disabled are more at a disadvantage that many of them have not had the benefit of disability prevention activities and harbour such hand deformities for which the only solution is community based rehabilitation. Method/Results: Of the various modalities of rehabilitation the authors consider one for this article suitable for work site based rehabilitation as the Modulan grip-aids. Conclusion: Essential components of the material and its uses are described with examples.     

Improving functions in leprotic hands

PURPOSE: In the developed countries there is a shift in the rehabilitation strategy from community based services to work site based services for the disabled. Leprosy disabled are more at a disadvantage that many of them have not had the benefit of disability prevention activities and harbour such hand deformities for which the only solution is community based rehabilitation. METHOD/RESULTS: Of the various modalities of rehabilitation the authors consider one for this article suitable for work site based rehabilitation as the Modulan grip-aids. CONCLUSION: Essential components of the material and its uses are described with examples.     

2.7 million unemployed--nonetheless occupational rehabilitation of patients with severe physical handicaps?]

The concept of rehabilitation initially is defined as it is understood in the Federal Republic of Germany today. The potential opportunities and risks inherent in an outcome-oriented notion of rehabilitation are set out in light of its historical development. The reasons for unemployment among severely disabled persons are analyzed from various perspectives, dealing furthermore with the manner the vocational rehabilitation system is responding. Also mentioned are the difficulties where our system is working only to a limited degree, as well as the consequences this entails. Further, reasons are given to substantiate that the rehabilitation of severely disabled people remains an important and meaningful task in our country notwithstanding current unemployment.     

国际社区康复理念在我国农村社区康复合作项目中的应用实践

随着社会理念和社区服务的发展,社区康复服务的发展模式也在发生深刻的变化。以促进残疾人发展主流化,通过缩小贫困,提供残疾人及其家庭卫生、教育、生计发展和社会融合等服务支持,满足残疾人基本需求和提高他们的生活质量,促进残疾人在社区发展过程中融合和参与是当今社区康复发展的主流思想。本文将全面阐述中国残联在社区康复国际合作项目中借鉴WHO等国际组织倡导的社区康复工作理念在中西部8个贫困县开展社区康复工作取得的成效和体会。     

国内外心脏康复的研究进展

心血管疾病是威胁全球人类健康的一大杀手,是中国城乡居民的首位死因。心脏康复能有效改善心血管疾病患者预后,提高患者的生活质量,需大力推广。而国内心脏康复的发展还处于早期阶段,仍需继续大力发展。本文对国内外心脏康复护理理论、心脏康复的方法、心脏康复开展的模式进行综述,以期为临床干预提供参考依据,助力于中国心脏康复护理事业的发展,为患者提供更好的心脏康复服务。     

Rehabilitation of the disabled: The role of social networks in the recovery process

This study examines the role of formal and informal intervention systems utilized by the chronically disabled in the process of rehabilitation and recovery. In addition to formal community resources (agents and agencies), the disabled tend to rely on informal social networks (family and peers) as sources of support in the recovery process. The findings presented in this paper focus on the extent to which formal interventions and informal resources are supportive for the disabled and the effect of these support systems on outcome. The analysis is based on empirical data derived from a survey of 950 chronically disabled adults interviewed in a metropolitan community in the U.S.A. Among other findings, the evidence suggests that informal social networks play an important role in the rehabilitation of the disabled. Reliance on informal resources is enhanced in the absence of formal rehabilitation intervention, suggesting alternative modes of social support are actively sought and utilized by the disabled. Furthermore, lay-initiative may constitute another effective resource in the process of recovery. These findings suggest that informal resources are effectively utilized by the disabled, but are not usually identified as part of the formal intervention system in the community.     

大力推进煤矿瓦斯抽采利用

<正>加快煤矿瓦斯抽采利用,是贯彻落实科学发展观,推进煤矿安全发展、清洁发展、节约发展的必然要求,是一项大有可为的事业。党中央、国务院高度重视,成立专门工作机构,安排专项资金     

《国际残疾分类》应用初探

《中国残疾分类》是一项与疾病所造成的残损、残疾、残障相关的分类形式,包括个体的形态机能异常、个人能力障碍和社会不利三部分。分类的意义在于解决世界范围内残疾统计,制定社区康复服务措施、编制康复病案索引和进行病案记录检索。本文通过对《国际残疾分类》的初步探索,期望加速其在我国的推广使用。     

The development of legal premises in the rehabilitation of the physically handicapped from Bismarck to today--a brief overview

The legal bases for rehabilitation and integration of the physically disabled have developed from public welfare provisions, the beginnings of disability care having been part of public poor relief schemes. Ensueing developments range from cripple care programmes to today's efforts to establish a uniform social code, which is expected to benefit the individual disabled person by bringing about a marked simplification of the current legal and administrative situation. The extension of the scope of rehabilitative efforts, which since Bismarck's time had comprised nursing and institutional care in cases of physical and mental ailings within the framework of poor relief, had initially occurred outside Prussia by including education and vocational training for disabled people (the beginnings of "rehabilitation"). A more comprehensive approach to disability care in the sense of extended assistance was embodied in the Prussian cripple welfare act of 1920. The Federal Social Assistance Act of 1962, in the final analysis, had developed from this tradition. This 1962 act not only established a duty to provide public welfare but also gave those concerned a legal title to this kind of assistance.     

社区康复与“人人享有康复服务”目标的实现

康复是广大残疾人有别于其他弱势群体的最迫切、最急需解决的现实问题。做好残疾人康复工作是改善残疾人基本生活状况、增强社会参与能力的基础,而社区康复是实现残疾人人人享有康复服务目标的关键。只有实现康复在社区,服务在家庭,才能实现人人享有康复服务的目标。