单J管治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的 探讨单J管对恶性胸腔积液的治疗价值.方法 将60例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分成研究组和对照组,研究组30例使用单J管引流胸腔积液后注药,对照组30例使用中心静脉导管引流胸腔积液后注药,当引流液＜100 ml/24 h时拔管,必要时可再次注药.结果 研究组再次置管率为0,有效率为100.0%;对照组再次置管率为23.3%,有效率为76.7%.两组再次置管率及有效率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).主要不良反应如胸痛、胃肠反应和发热等比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 单J管治疗恶性胸腔积液效果好、经济、简单易行,值得临床推广.     

经纤维支气管镜滑石粉胸膜固定治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)代替胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床意义。方法使用纤支镜对25例恶性胸腔积液患者在局麻下行开放式内镜术,滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定,术中监测生命体征,术后胸腔闭式引流,观察手术治疗效果及不良反应。结果近期胸腔积液消失20例(80.0%),4周后复查形成包裹性胸腔积液3例(12.0%),总有效率为92.0%,不变化或进展2例(8.0%)。主要不良反应为发热和胸痛,分别占48.0%和20.0%。结论利用经纤支镜代替胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定治疗恶性胸腔积液安全、疗效确切,是基层医院利用现有设备开展的可行性治疗手段。     

胸腔镜下胸腔内高温灌注化疗治疗肺癌(附30例报告)

目的总结胸腔镜下胸腔内高温灌注化疗对恶性胸腔积液的诊治作用及其优势。方法对58例恶性胸腔积液患者分为2组,治疗组30例在全麻胸腔镜下行胸膜活检术,并用人工心肺机控制43℃恒温生理盐水3000 ml加用顺铂300 mg灌注1 h,对照组予以胸腔引流,胸腔内灌注顺铂60-80 mg,观察比较2组治疗前后胸水量的变化、胸水中CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE浓度变化及治疗毒副作用。结果治疗组、对照组有效率分别为100%、53.6%,疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后胸水中CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE浓度明显低于对照组(P<0.05),各种毒副反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胸腔镜下胸腔内高温灌注化疗治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液安全有效,具有创伤小、视野大、活检准确方便、能明确诊断的优点。     

电视胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊治中的临床应用

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊治中的临床价值.方法 采用电视胸腔镜对103例不明原因的胸腔积液患者进行胸膜活检、胸膜固定术.结果 100例得到病理结果,其中恶性胸腔积液93例,胸膜结核4例,炎性反应3例.未找到病理学证据者3例,其中2例为肺癌肺不张,1例为肝癌肝功能差,均为漏出液.放置胸腔闭式引流管引流3-14 d,均顺利拔除引流管.经3-6个月的随访,除3例漏出液患者外余未见胸腔积液复发.无围手术期死亡.结论 电视胸腔镜可以明确胸腔积液的原因,同时胸膜同定可以有效地控制恶性胸腔积液,滑石粉对恶性胸腔积液的胸膜固定安全有效.     

胸膜腔灌注温热化疗药物治疗恶性胸腔积液临床观察

目的观察胸膜腔灌注温热化疗药物对恶性胸腔积液的治疗作用。方法2000年2月~2005年2月,共46例患者随机分2组,治疗组于胸水引流后灌注温热化疗药物,温度控制在42~43℃,持续时间30~60 min,化疗药物采用丝裂霉素(MMC)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)、顺铂(C-DDP),药物浓度分别为10、1 0004、0 mg/L,均溶于等渗生理盐水;对照组于胸水引流后注入粘连剂。结果治疗组病例均于3 d内拔除胸腔引流管,平均术后引流量182 ml;16例生存期大于6个月,最长1例已逾3 a;胸水控制按WHO标准,完全缓解 部分缓解(CR PR)达78.3%。对照组5例生存期大于6个月,其CR PR为39.1%。结论该方法对恶性胸腔积液疗效肯定。     

胸腔内注射四环素治疗恶性胸水的体会

临床上由于各种恶性肿瘤引起的胸腔积液并非少见。为了控制胸水的发生,延长患者生存时间,不少学者曾采用胸腔闭式引流注入氮芥、阿的平及滑石粉。Howard等胸腔内注入四环素治疗恶性胸水均收到一定疗效。现将沈阳市二四五医院2例及锦西县医院1例恶性肿瘤并发大量胸腔积液,用胸腔内注入四环素治疗,收到预期效果,由本刊综合报告如下:     

中心静脉导管在胸腔积液和气胸中应用体会

目的：观察中心静脉导管留置胸腔闭式引流术治疗各种胸腔积液和气胸的临床疗效和安全性。方法：用单腔中心静脉导管,长约30 cm硅胶引流管、引流瓶组成密闭的引流系统,对65例自发性气胸和76例中等量以上胸腔积液,包括外伤性血气胸或自发性液气胸37例、胸腔积液或恶性肿瘤伴胸腔积液39例,共计141例患者进行中心静脉导管闭式引流术。结果：胸腔积液有效率为94%;65例气胸除2例行切开闭式引流外,其余均治愈,有效率95%。结论：用单腔中心静脉导管、引流管、引流瓶组成的胸腔闭式引流是一种简便、有效、安全、可靠、患者容易接受的治疗胸腔积液和气胸的引流方法。     

细管引流并香菇多糖胸腔注射治疗恶性胸腔积液24例分析

目的探讨细管引流并香菇多糖胸腔注射治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法采用锁骨下深静脉导管装置,引流胸水至胸水引流量减少后给予B超或X线检查确定,用香菇多糖4ml（2mg）加生理盐水40ml胸腔注入,夹管,每日引流量少于50ml后拔管。结果细管引流并香菇多糖胸腔注射治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效确切。结论细管引流并香菇多糖胸腔注射治疗恶性胸腔积液具有简单、方便、快捷、安全的特点,值得推广。     

胸腔闭式引流后注入顺铂与IL-2治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的观察胸腔置管引流并注人顺铂与IL-2联合治疗恶性胸腔积液的近期疗效和毒副反应。方法23例恶性胸腔积液患者,进行胸腔闭式引流胸液,并给予胸腔内注药,治疗组（n=12例）胸腔灌注IL-2联合顺铂;对照组（n=11例）单纯胸腔闭式引流。IL-2每次注入100万U,顺铂每次注入40～60mg,每5～7d注射1次,连续注射2、3周,1个月后观察两组的疗效及不良反应。结果治疗组有效率为75％,明显优于单用对照组45．45％（P〈0．05）。结论胸腔置管引流并灌注顺铂与IL-2联合治疗恶性胸腔积液,疗效肯定,有利于恶性胸腔积液的控制。     

HER-2/neu蛋白测定对结核性和恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断价值的研究

目的评价HER-2/neu蛋白对结核性及恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的价值。方法应用ELISA法检测35例结核性胸腔积液、31例恶性胸腔积液患者胸液和血清中HER-2/neu水平,以24例健康人血清作为对照组。结果恶性组胸液中HER-2/neu水平(11.43±3.44)ng/m l明显高于结核组(3.21±1.01)ng/m l(P<0 01),2组血清中HER-2/neu水平与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),以10.1 ng/m l作为恶性胸腔积液的诊断标准,其敏感性和特异性分别为83.8%和100%,准确性为92.4%。结论胸腔积液中HER-2/neu水平检测可作为恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的临床指标,其敏感性、特异性和准确性分别可达83.8%、100%和92.4%。     

胸水C-erbB-2、CEA联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨胸水原癌基因C-erbB-2和癌胚抗原CEA联合检测对良、恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断价值。方法 C-erbB-2采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）、CEA采用电化学发光法（ECLI）对80例恶性胸水、40例良性胸水,分别进行C-erbB-2、CEA含量检测。结果 C-erbB-2、CEA在恶性胸水组中的含量分别为（5.45±1.92）ng/ml、（44.36±10.34）ng/ml均明显高于良性胸水组（1.87±0.23）ng/ml和（6.35±2.12）ng/ml。C-erbB-2、CEA单项检测灵敏度、特异性、准确度分别为77.5%、95.0%、83.3%和68.8%、82.5%、73.3%。C-erbB-2、CEA联合检测灵敏度93.3%、特异性78.3%、准确度78.3%。结论检测原癌基因C-erbB-2、CEA单项检测对良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断均有较大临床价值,两项联合检测能大大提高检测灵敏度。     

Management of malignant pleural effusion by tetracycline pleurodesis

Eleven patients were treated with chest tube drainage and intrapleural instillation of tetracycline for malignant pleural effusion. In ten cases this procedure for 6-10 days achieved complete resolution of pleural fluid and produced pleurodesis. Only one patient needed longer treatment, but it was also successful. Fluid recurrence was not recognised during the follow-up period. This method is very effective and simple, so the authors recommend the tetracycline pleurodesis for the palliative management of malignant pleural effusions.     

Chronic indwelling pleural catheter for malignant pleural effusion in 25 patients

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience with an indwelling pleural catheter in patients with pleuritis carcinomatosa. DESIGN: Prospective follow-up study. METHOD: The placement of an indwelling pleural catheter was considered as a treatment possibility for patients who presented with symptomatic accumulation of pleural fluid that returned following previous drainage or pleurodesis or when the fluid had not been drained off previously but there were strong radiological indications for a 'trapped lung'. The intervention was considered to be contraindicated by the following: dyspnoea that had not been reduced by previous pleural punctures performed for relief, dyspnoea caused by many different factors, a tendency for haemorrhaging that could not be corrected. The drain used was a Pleurx indwelling catheter, a thorax drain that is tunnelled subcutaneously, can remain in situ for a long time and offers the patient the opportunity to drain off fluid himself at any desired moment. RESULTS: In the period September 2003-May 2005, the treatment was considered in 40 patients. Ultimately, the catheter was inserted in 25 patients; the clinical deterioration of most of the other patients was too quick. Of the group, 33 patients (82%) died with a median survival of 70 days. All catheters functioned until they were removed or until the patient died. In 3 patients, the drainage procedure was complicated by empyema and in 1 patient by haemoptysis. From the total number of catheters, 9 were removed while the patient was still alive and in 6 patients, spontaneous pleurodesis occurred following 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, and 8 months respectively. In general, the patients were able to handle the catheter without problems and the symptoms were brought and kept adequately under control. CONCLUSION: The Pleurx indwelling pleural catheter was an efficacious treatment supplement for patients with malignant pleural effusion, in whom the standard pleurodesis was not effective.     

中心静脉导管置管胸腔内博来霉素、白介素-2治疗恶性胸腔积液的效果及不良反应

目的观察应用中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流并腔内博来霉素、白介素-2治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效及不良反应。方法回顾性分析经细胞学确诊为恶性胸腔积液的患者148例,博来霉素组(A组)70例,胸腔内注入生理盐水60 ml+博来霉素75 mg;白介素-2组(B组)78例,胸腔内注入生理盐水60 ml+白介素-2 100万U。间隔一周重复上述治疗,共计三次。观察两组疗效和不良反应。结果 A、B组总有效率分别为71.4%、75.6%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后B组发热、消化道反应、骨髓抑制发生率均低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胸腔内注射白介素-2治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效好,局部刺激较轻,耐受性好,是治疗恶性胸腔积液较好的方法。     

Povidone-iodine and bleomycin in the management of malignant pleural effusion

Malignant pleural effusion is a common complication in certain malignancies. Pleurodesis is the best option most of the time. The purpose of this study was to compare the choice of belomycin with povidone-iodine, which is not only determined by the efficacy of the agent but also by its cost, accessibility, safety, ease of administration and the number of administrations to achieve a complete response. We performed a randomized clinical trial on 39 patients presenting with symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. Patients were selected and randomly assigned to undergo chemical pleurodesis with either bleomycin or povidone-iodine. Primary characteristics of patients were assessed and graded before and after treatment concerning pain, dyspnea, and chest radiographs. A complete response was obtained in 79% of belomycin group and 75% of povidone-iodine group which was not statistically significant. Patients on belomycin treatment had a significantly lower score for dyspnea in one month follow up. This was significant after controlling for age, pain score and dyspnea score after drainage, using general linear model. Due to similar effect and significant cost advantage between bleomycin and povidone-iodine, we conclude that povidone- iodine is the agent of choice when utilizing pleurodesis for control of symptomatic malignant pleural effusions.     

44例恶性胸膜间皮瘤临床分析

目的　探讨恶性胸膜间皮瘤的临床特点。方法　回顾分析我院 1 990年 1月 - 2 0 0 3年 6月病理确诊的 4 4例恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者的临床资料。结果　本组病例男 2 6例、女 1 8例 ,男∶女为 1 44∶1 ;年龄以4 0～ 6 0岁多见 (占 4 3 % ) ;农民 1 5例 ,工人 7例 ,退休人员 5例 ,无业 5例 ,其他职业 6例。所有病例均无明显石棉接触史。首发症状胸痛 34例 ,活动后呼吸困难 31例 ,咳嗽 2 7例。 4 3例胸部X线表现为中 -大量积液 ,其中 1 0例伴胸膜广泛增厚 ;5例胸部CT检查显示胸膜增厚呈多发结节波浪状阴影。 38例胸腔穿刺抽液检查 ,其中 2 3例黄色胸液 ,1 5例为血性胸积液 ,31例积液的细胞分类计数淋巴细胞大于 5 0 %。 2 5例经胸膜针刺活检确诊 (5例胸液脱落细胞学检查同时找到恶性胸膜间皮瘤细胞 ) ;1 5例外科手术活检确诊。结论　恶性胸膜间皮瘤以胸痛、呼吸困难、咳嗽为主要表现 ,胸膜针刺活检为主要确诊方法。     

胸腔积液和血清学指标联合检测对不同性质胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 探讨联合检测胸腔积液及血清各项指标对结核性、癌性及非特异炎性胸腔积液的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析符合本研究纳入标准的408例完整病历资料,其中200例结核性胸腔积液患者为结核组,64例恶性胸腔积液患者为癌性组,144例类肺炎性胸腔积液为炎性组.分析病例的一般临床特征,收集3组患者的相关指标,建立多元线性回归模型.结果 结核性胸腔积液多见于50岁以下的中青年人群(76.00％),女性多于男性(男女性别比为0.56∶1),196例患者(98.00％)存在胸痛表现;癌性和炎性胸腔积液多见于50岁以上中老年人群(75.00％和72.22％),男性多于女性(1.67∶1和1.77∶1),仅24例癌性胸腔积液患者(37.50％)和24例炎性胸水患者(16.67％)表现为胸痛.3组间比较,炎性组血清降钙素原(PCT)显著增高,癌性组胸水癌胚抗原(CEA)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著增高,结核组血清红细胞沉降率(ESR)及胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)显著增高,且差异均有统计学意义(F=5.327、21.442、10.497、4.687和7.562,P均＜0.05).多元线性回归分析显示,胸腔积液ADA、CEA及血清PCT对结核性胸腔积液有诊断意义(t=3.595、-2.267和-2.164,P均＜0.05);胸腔积液CEA、LDH、ADA对癌性胸腔积液有诊断意义(t=7.258、5.464和-4.119,P均＜0.01);血清PCT、胸腔积液LDH及CEA对炎性胸积液有诊断意义(t=3.388、-4.624和-2.164,P均＜0.01).结论 血清PCT及胸腔积液CEA升高有助于排除结核性胸积液;高水平胸腔积液CEA、LDH及低水平胸水ADA有助于癌性积液的诊断;高水平胸腔积液CEA及低水平胸腔积液LDH、CEA有助于炎性积液的诊断.     

多西环素和博来霉素治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效和不良反应分析

目的比较观察多西环素和博来霉素治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效和毒副反应。方法将28例晚期肺癌合并恶性胸积液患者随机分为试验组和对照组各14例,均在给予“GP（吉西他滨＋顺铂）”方案化疗后行胸膜粘连术。试验组予以多西环素0．5g治疗,对照组予以博来霉素1mg／kg（45—60mg）治疗。每例患者至少完成1周期化疗后1周后评价疗效。结果试验组完全缓解4例,部分缓解7例,无效3例。对照组完全缓解3例,部分缓解7例,无效4例。2组,临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。试验组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论多西环素与博来霉素治疗肺癌并恶性胸腔积液的疗效相当．但多西环素治疗的副反应相对较少。