急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的时机选择

目的探讨急性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术时机的选择,及其对临床效果及安全性的影响。方法选择2015年1月至2017年3月在我院实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术的120例急性胆囊炎患者进行前瞻性随机研究,通过随机数字表法分为3组,其中早期组40例,发病至手术时间≤3 d,延期组40例,发病至手术时间4~21 d,择期组40例,先给予保守治疗,待急性期症状消失,至少距发病21 d以上后再实施手术。比较3组围术期情况、中转开腹术率及术后并发症。结果早期组和择期组术中出血量、下床活动时间、肛门排气时间比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),早期组和择期组术中出血量明显少于延期组,下床活动时间、肛门排气时间均明显短于延期组(P<0.05),早期组手术时间、住院时间明显短于延期组和择期组(P<0.05);延期组中转开腹率为22.5%,明显高于早期组和择期组的5%、5%(P<0.05);3组胃肠损伤、肝脏损伤、感染、胆漏、肠瘘等发生率比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论急性胆囊炎患者早期(3 d内)实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术效果更为显著,可缩短手术时间,降低中转开腹率和并发症,有利于术后恢复。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎手术时机探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎的手术时机.方法 前瞻性纳入2016-06—2020-12于镇江市中医院普外科行LC治疗的88例急性胆囊炎患者.根据手术时机分为早期组(72 h内)和延期组(72 h以后).比较2组患者的基线资料、术中情况、术后临床指标,统计住院费用.结果 共纳入88例患者,每组44例....     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎患者的时机选择

目的对腹腔镜胆囊切除术在急性胆囊炎患者治疗中的时机选择进行分析。方法将76例急性胆囊炎患者随机分为两组,各38例。对照组在入院3 d后实施手术治疗,观察组则在患者入院3d内实施手术治疗,对比其临床效果。结果在手术时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间以及抗生素使用上,观察组患者明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的术后并发症发生率(5.3%)低于对照组(15.8%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在严格掌握手术适应证的基础上,在患者入院3 d内实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎,并发症少且预后良好,效果肯定。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择

目的探讨急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的手术时机。方法回顾分析2006年7月～2011年3月186例急性胆囊炎行LC的临床资料,根据病程分为3组：病程72 h内为组1（n=81）,病程72 h～1周为组2（n=67）,病程1～2周为组3（n=38）;比较3组中转率、手术时间、术中出血量等。采用四孔法,前后结合解剖Calot三角,顺逆结合切除胆囊,并遵循疑难复杂胆囊结石LC的其他基本原则。结果 LC成功158例,中转开腹28例,中转率15.1%（28/158）。无手术并发症,无死亡病例。组1中转开腹率6.2%（5/81）显著低于组3 36.8%（14/38）（χ2=18.133,P=0.000）,但与组2 13.4%（9/67）无统计学差异（χ2=2.257,P=0.133）;组2中转开腹率13.4%（9/67）显著低于组3 36.8%（14/38）（χ2=7.768,P=0.005）。组1手术时间（42.6±11.4）min显著短于组2（77.4±12.6）min（q=24.863,P〈0.05）和组3（113.9±12.1）min（q=42.784,P〈0.05）,组2手术时间显著短于组3（q=21.206,P〈0.05）。组1出血量中位数20 ml（5～45 ml）显著少于组2 55 ml（30～90 ml）（Z=-6.819,P=0.000）和组3 110 ml（60～145 ml）（Z=-8.367,P=0.000）,组2出血量显著少于组3（Z=-5.306,P=0.000）。组1住院时间（6.9±2.2）d显著短于组2（11.3±2.9）d（q=14.762,P〈0.05）和组3（18.4±2.6）d（q=32.403,P〈0.05）,组2住院时间较组3显著缩短（q=19.370,P〈0.05）。结论急性胆囊炎72 h以内行LC最佳,手术时间较短,出血量较少,住院时间缩短,中转开腹率较低。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择

我院自1992年10月份以来,对627例急性胆囊炎患者施行了LC,包括:(1)早期手术:发病72小时以内;(2)限期手术:发病超过72小时,抗炎解痉治疗(1周左右),症状缓解,同一住院期内手术;(3)择期手术:保守治疗炎症消退6～8周后手术。随机抽样100份病例,现将三组的疗效进行比较,结果表明:发病在72小时内的急性胆囊炎行LC是理想的手术时机。     

高龄急性结石性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术的时机探讨

目的 探讨高龄急性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术适宜的手术时机.方法 回顾性研究2007年1月至2014年1月,60岁以上急性结石性胆囊炎1252例,根据手术时间分为2组,A组症状出现72 h内即行手术,B组症状出现72 h后手术.对比患者年龄,性别,患者分组,手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间、是否存在胆囊坏疽穿孔、中转开腹、术中是否存在腹腔脓肿、死亡例数、合并高血压、糖尿病,术后疼痛评分(VAS),术后并发症分为出血,胆漏,胆管损伤,胃肠道损伤,心肺功能不全.结果 早期住院组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、中转开腹、术中发现腹腔脓肿、均显著低于延期手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组之间住院时间、死亡例数、胆囊坏疽穿孔、合并高血压、糖尿病、心肺功能不全的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组患者术后1h与术后12 h的疼痛评分差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后24h与术后48 h的疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).早期住院组患者的并发症发生率(12.4％)与延期手术组(13.1％)相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 延迟手术难度较大,但随着手术器械、手术技巧的不断进步,近年来通过对比研究发现,延期手术针对老年病人同样是安全的,术后手术并发症和住院时间没有明显延长,而且使患者获得最大受益.     

结石性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的时机选择

目的:探讨不同临床表现的结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)最佳治疗时机的选择。方法:回顾分析2010年2月至2014年2月600例结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,按照患者症状、体征进行分组,Ⅰ组345例,肌注杜冷丁、山莨菪碱,腹痛不缓解,出现局限性腹膜炎体征;Ⅱ组228例,腹痛明显,肌注杜冷丁、山莨菪碱,腹痛可缓解,无腹膜炎体征;Ⅲ组27例,腹痛合并黄疸。结果:Ⅲ组中转开腹率、术后并发症发生率高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组,手术时间长于Ⅱ组。结论:72 h内是最佳的手术时机,但也应综合考虑患者发病时间、症状与体征,以选择最佳的手术时机,指导临床,降低中转开腹率及术后并发症发生率。     

腹腔镜下胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎适宜时机探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎(AC)适宜时机。方法选取我院2018年1月～2019年1月收治的234例AC患者作为对象,按照手术时间分A组和B组,A组在发病后70h内接受LC术治疗,B组发病后3～18d接受LC术治疗,比较两组手术用时、术中出血量、术中有无胆汁渗出、术中组织黏连、术中转开腹等手术基本情况,肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、开始进食时间以及心肌细胞P物质(SP)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等血清疼痛指标、术后并发症情况。结果 B组的手术用时显著长于A组,术中胆汁渗出率显著高于A组,术中组织黏连Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级显著多于A组,术中转开腹率显著高于A组(P0.05);B组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、开始进食时间著较A组延长(P0.05),B组SP、PGE2、IL-6等血清疼痛指标明显高于A组(P0.05);B组术后并发症总发生率明显高于A组(P0.05)。结论早期对AC患者实施LC术治疗能够有效缩短手术时间、减少术中组织黏连及术中转开腹情况,加快术后康复进程,改善术后血清疼痛指标,减少术后并发症。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术时机的选择

目的 :探讨腹腔镜治疗急性胆囊炎的最佳时机。方法 :14 1例急性胆囊炎患者。按照手术时患者的发病时间分为 2组 ,早期手术组 88例 ,起病 72h以内行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC) ;晚期手术组 5 3例 ,起病72h后行LC。结果 :早期手术组 4例发生并发症 (4 5 5 % ) ,5例中转开腹 (5 6 8% )。晚期手术组 12例发生并发症 (2 2 6 4% ) ,9例中转开腹 (16 98% )。对比 2组并发症的发生率及术后恢复时间 ,早期手术组缩短了住院时间 ,节省了医疗费用。并且早期手术组无 1例发生严重并发症。结论 :急性胆囊炎一经诊断明确应立即行LC ,在炎症、粘连坏疽出现前行LC治疗急性胆囊炎是安全有效的     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术方法

开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (ｌａｐａｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｃｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃ ｔｏｍｙ ,ＬＣ)初期 ,急性胆囊炎 (ａｃｕｔｅｃｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｉｔｉｓ ,ＡＣ)被认为是手术绝对禁忌 ,时至今日 ,ＡＣ行ＬＣ术在国内外仍存在一定争议〔1〕,一些腹腔镜专家认为ＡＣ亦是ＬＣ的适应证。本文回顾分析了我院 1991年 9月至 1999年 3月 62 0 0例ＬＣ中 4 17例ＡＣ病人 ,以探讨其ＬＣ的手术方法。临床资料我院 1991年 9月至 1999年 3月完成的 62 0 0例ＬＣ手术中 4 17例ＡＣ病人 ,男 81例 ,女 336例 ,中位年龄 4 5 3岁 ( 19～ 81岁 ) ,发作时间 1～ 6ｄ…     

Operative timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in a Japanese institute

Background and Objectives:

In patients with acute cholecystitis who cannot undergo early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (within 72 hours), 6 weeks to 12 weeks after onset is widely considered the optimal timing for delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, there has been no clear consensus about it. We aimed to determine optimal timing for delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.

Methods:

Medical records of 100 patients who underwent standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into group 1, patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 72 hours of onset; group 2, between 4 days to 14 days; group 3, between 3 weeks to 6 weeks; group 4, >6 weeks.

Results:

No significant differences existed between groups in conversion rate to open surgery, operation time, blood loss, or postoperative morbidity, and hospital stay. However, total hospital stay in groups 1 and 2 was significantly shorter than that in groups 3 and 4 (P<.01). In addition, the total hospital stay in group 3 was also significantly shorter than that in group 4 (P<.01).

Conclusions:

Best timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis may be within 72 hours, and the delayed timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients who cannot undergo early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is probably as soon as possible after they can tolerate laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

Predicting conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed in patients with acute cholecystitis. However, the rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy remains higher when compared with patients with chronic cholecystitis. Preoperative clinical or laboratory parameters that could predict the need for conversion may assist the surgeon in preoperative or intraoperative decision making. This could have cost-saving implications. METHODS: A retrospective review of 46 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis was performed. Records were assessed for preoperative clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters on admission. Temperature and laboratory parameters were also recorded prior to surgery after an initial period of hospitalization that included intravenous antibiotics. The effect of admission and preoperative parameters as well as the trend in these parameters prior to surgery upon the rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was assessed. RESULTS: Ten patients (22%) required conversion to open cholecystectomy. Conversion was required more often in males (43%) when compared with females (4%) (p=0.003). Conversion rate was 30% in patients with increased wall thickness by ultrasound compared with 12% for patients without wall thickening (p=ns). No admission or preoperative laboratory values predicted conversion. The trend in the patient's temperature (p=0.0003) and serum LDH value (p=0.043) predicted the need for conversion to open surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative prediction of the need for open cholecystectomy remains elusive. Male patients and patients with rising temperature and LDH levels while on intravenous antibiotics require conversion at increased frequency. However, the benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy warrant an attempt at laparoscopic removal in most patients with acute cholecystitis.     

Urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the management of acute cholecystitis: timing does not influence conversion rate

Background The optimal treatment of acute cholecystitis is urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Most reports suggest that a delay of 72 or 96 h from onset of symptoms leads to a higher conversion rate. This study assessed the conversion rate in relation to the timing of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Methods During a 12 month period, 112 patients received laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis at a tertiary care university hospital in central Taiwan. Data were collected prospectively. Results The overall conversion rate was 3.6% (4/112). Of 62 procedures performed within 72 h from onset of symptoms, 2 were converted, as compared with 2 of 50 procedures after 72 h. Of 76 procedures performed within 96 h from onset of symptoms, 3 were converted, as compared with 1 of 36 procedures after 96 h. There were no mortalities or common bile duct injuries. Conclusions The conversion rate for urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy among patients with acute cholecystitis can be as low as 3.6%. The timing of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy has no impact on the conversion rate.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术在急性胆囊炎中的应用

目的评价急性胆囊炎中应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的方法和疗效. 方法回顾分析1998年8月～2003年8月LC治疗急性胆囊炎201例. 结果本组均于入院24 h内行LC.完成LC 192例(95.52%),中转开腹9例.手术时间40～150 min,平均85 min.随访2～12个月,无并发症. 结论急性胆囊炎中应用LC难度大、变异多,但只要严格掌握手术适应证和手术技巧,在基层医院开展LC是可行的.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

The application of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap. C) for acute cholecystitis (AC) remains controversial from the viewpoint of its higher rate of morbidity, and conversion to open surgery, in spite of the worldwide acceptance of Lap. C as the gold standard for the treatment of patients with symptomatic gallbladder diseases. The conversion rate has been reported to decrease with experience. Local and overall complication rates were shown to correlate with the time delay between the onset of acute symptoms and the operation. Although percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD) has been reported to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of AC, it should be limited to high-risk groups such as elderly or critically ill patients. Early cholecystectomy within 4 days from the onset is strongly recommended to minimize surgical complications and to increase the chance of a successful laparoscopic approach. Received: April 29, 2002 / Accepted: May 30, 2002 Offprint requests to: S. Kitano     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

Summary Because laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduces hospitalization time and postoperative disability, it is being offered to an increasing number of patients with symptomatic gallstones. Nevertheless, acute cholecystitis is still considered by many surgeons to be a relative contraindication. Our standard approach has been to perform laparoscopy on all patients considered candidates for cholecystectomy. From June 1990 to October 1991, the authors personally performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy on 110 patients, 29 (26%) of whom had pathologically confirmed acute cholecystitis. Of these, nine had evidence of gangrene, perforation, or abscess formation. It was necessary to convert to open cholecystectomy in four (14%) patients. In each, inflammation or dense adhesions precluded the performance of a safe operation. The hepatorenal space was drained in 12 (41%) and cystic dust cholangiograms were performed selectively. The mean operating time was 108 min. There were no intraoperative complications. One patient developed a prolonged postoperative paralytic ileus and two patients were noted to have postoperative common duct stones. There were no deaths. The average postoperative stay for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 2.6 days. We conclude that the advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely and effectively extended to the majority of patients with acute cholecystitis.     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术93例体会

目的总结腹腔镜下处理急性胆囊炎的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2003年5月-2005年5月93例急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜手术治疗的临床资料，其中15例术前确诊胆总管结石而先行内镜逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP）联合内镜括约肌切开（endoscopic sphincterotomy，EST）取石，6例疑似胆道结石者行术中胆道造影。均于48h内完成LC。结果91例（97．8％）手术成功，2例（2．2％）中转开腹。手术时间35—160min，平均65min。术后胆囊管残端漏3例（3．2％），胆道残余结石3例（3．2％），经开腹手术结合ERCP、EST、鼻胆管引流（endoscopic nasobiliary drainage，ENBD）治愈，全组无医源性损伤。结论选择性应用ERCP和EST，腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎是安全可行的，但中转开腹及并发症的发生率高。     

Acute cholecystitis and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) should be the procedure of choice in treating acute cholecystitis. METHOD: A prospective study was conducted over a 4 1/2-year period. There were 187 patients with acute cholecystitis out of 1020 patients with gallbladder disease who required cholecystectomy. These patients were divided into three groups based on the time interval between the onset of pain and the time patients sought medical attention: Group 1, < 3 days; Group 2, 3 to 7 days; Group 3, > 7 days. All the patients underwent LC after a comprehensive preoperative workup. The parameters analyzed included operating time, hospital stay, and conversion rate. The comparison was made among the various groups and with those who had elective LC. RESULTS: One hundred twenty patients (64.17%) presented for treatment within 3 to 7 days of the onset of an attack. Empyema of the gallbladder was seen in 106 (56.68%) patients and phlegmon of the gallbladder in 42 (22.46%) patients. Group 3 patients had an operative time of 56.2 min as opposed to 18.5 min in Group 1 and 17.5 min in the elective LC group. The conversion rate in Group 3 was 19.5% versus 3.8% in Group 1 and 3.48% in the elective LC group. The complication rate was 7.3% in Group 3, 3.8% in Group 1, and 3.7% in the elective LC group. CONCLUSION: Acute cholecystitis is better managed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, except in the patients presenting with a gallbladder phlegmon later than 7 days after the onset of the attack.     

Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a prospective randomized trial

Background: The role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is not yet clearly established. The aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and to compare the results with delayed cholecystectomy.Methods: Between January 2001 and November 2002, 40 patients with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis were assigned randomly to early laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 24 h of admission (early group, n = 20) or to initial conservative treatment followed by delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 6 to 12 weeks later (delayed group, n = 20).Results: There was no significant difference in the conversion rates (early, 25% vs delayed, 25%), operating times (early, 104 min vs delayed, 93 min), postoperative analgesia requirements (early, 5.3 days vs delayed, 4.8 days), or postoperative complications (early, 15% vs delayed, 20%). However, the early group had significantly more blood loss (228 vs 114 ml) and shorter hospital stay (4.1 vs 10.1 days).Conclusions: Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is safe and feasible, offering the additional benefit of a shorter hospital stay. It should be offered to patients with acute cholecystitis, provided the surgery is performed within 72 to 96 h of the onset of symptoms.     

老年患者急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹式胆囊切除术的疗效比较

【摘要】〓目的〓比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与开腹式胆囊切除术(OC)治疗老年患者急性胆囊炎的安全性和有效性。方法〓选择从2007年1月至2012年12月收治的年龄超过70岁急性胆囊炎患者76例,分别采用LC(34例)与OC(42例)治疗。观察两组的手术时间、术中失血、术后住院时间和术后并发症。结果〓两组患者手术均顺利完成胆囊切除术,且LC组无中转开腹的病例。LC组的手术时间为95.2±19.7 min,OC组的手术时间为86.8±21.2 min,两者差异无统计学意义;LC组术中失血>500 mL的有2例(5.9%),OC组术中失血>500 mL的有8例(19.0%)(P<0.05);LC组的术后住院时间明显少于OC组(P<0.01)。总共有24例患者在术后出现了并发症(31.6%),其中LC组的术后并发症明显少于OC组(P<0.05)。结论〓急性胆囊炎老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗能缩短术后住院时间和减少术后并发症发生率。