光学相干断层扫描在冠状动脉临界病变中的应用

目的 探讨光学相干断层扫描在冠脉临界病变中的应用.方法 经过冠状动脉造影(至少4体位造影)证实病变狭窄处于临界病变的患者142例,排除拒绝进入研究患者22例,共120例患者入选.其中单纯冠状动脉定量分析方法(quantitative coronary angiography,QCA)组90例,光学相干断层成像(optical coherence tomography,OCT)组30例.通过定性或定量分析,观察两组术后住院期间、30 d、3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月心血管事件.结果 OCT组总的心血管事件发生4次.包括 1例发生少量上消化道出血、无死亡、发生心肌梗死的病例.QCA组总的心血管事件发生24次.其中2例发生心肌梗死,1例死亡,1例进行再次血运重建,1例发生脑出血.结论 OCT成像系统能够更好的分辨血管内成分,如纤维斑块、钙化斑块、易损斑块等.从而更好地指导临床治疗.与传统QCA分析比较,具有减低心血管事件风险的趋势.     

光学相干断层扫描评价糖尿病冠心病患者冠脉病变的进展

糖尿病可促进血管内膜增生,易损斑块破裂,血栓形成,支架边缘夹层等。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）是目前最先进的血管内成像技术,临床主要用于识别冠状动脉易损斑块和药物洗脱支架（DES）置入术后随访。该文主要介绍OCT评估糖尿病冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点。     

血管内超声与光学相干断层扫描在冠状动脉临界病变中的长期随访对比研究

目的:研究血管内超声(intravenous ultrasound,IVUS)与光学相干断层扫描(optical coher-ence tomography,OCT)在冠状动脉临界病变中的长期随访研究。方法:共入选经过冠状动脉造影(至少4体位造影)证实病变狭窄处于临界病变的患者90例。将入选者按照2∶1随机分为:血管内超声组(IVUS)60例,光学相干断层成像(OCT)组30例。通过血管内超声定量分析最小管腔直径、参考血管直径、最小管腔面积等参数指标;通过光学相干断层扫描分析最小管腔直径、最小管腔面积。同时依据两组检查方法不同特征确定斑块的性质进行定性亚组分析:纤维性斑块、钙化斑块及脂质斑块等,对于高危易损斑块进行冠状动脉介入治疗,术后规律服用药物,观察两组术后住院期间、30d、3个月、9个月、1年和2年的主要心血管事件。采用COX回归模型分析两组2年内免于心血管事件的差异。结果:IVUS和OCT进行亚组软斑块分析,两组测得最小管腔直径分别为[(1.84±0.06)vs.(1.84±0.13)mm,P=0.947]。另外,在最小管腔面积方面两组分别为[(4.7±0.98)vs.(4.8±1.17)mm2,P=0.853]。OCT组通过分析软斑块纤维帽厚度为(94±24.72)μm。通过COX回归模型显示,两组在免于心血管事件的差异无统计学意义(P=0.826)。结论:对于临界病变的患者,采用IVUS或OCT成像系统能够更好的分辨血管内斑块性质,尤其易识别易损斑块。对于临界病变的患者,采用介入影像学方法进行测量分析是安全的、可靠的,能更好指导临床治疗。     

光学相干断层成像判断冠状动脉不稳定斑块

光学相干断层成像是近年出现的一项光学成像技术,其原理是基于光学干涉现象.该项技术与血管内超声相比具有更高的分辨率,本文根据光学相干断层成像在心血管疾病领域的研究进展,总结了该项技术对冠状动脉不稳定斑块方面的研究现状.     

光学相干断层成像判断冠状动脉不稳定斑块

光学相干断层成像是近年出现的一项光学成像技术,其原理是基于光学干涉现象。该项技术与血管内超声相比具有更高的分辨率,本文根据光学相干断层成像在心血管疾病领域的研究进展,总结了该项技术对冠状动脉不稳定斑块方面的研究现状。     

光学相干断层扫描血管成像在糖尿病视网膜病变中的应用进展

糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病常见且严重的微血管并发症之一,也是全球范围内成年人视力丧失的主要原因。光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）是一种无创的眼底血管成像技术,可高分辨率地识别视网膜脉络膜血流运动信息,对活体组织的视网膜脉络膜血管进行成像,同时还可以实现对视网膜脉络膜各层血管的分层分析并能够量化血管参数。OCT...     

光学相干断层扫面技术对冠心病合并糖尿病患者斑块特点的应用分析

目的以冠状动脉(冠脉)造影下光学相干断层成像技术(OCT)研究冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠脉斑块的特点。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月于北京安贞医院心内科住院且行冠脉造影及OCT检查的108例不稳定型心绞痛患者。由两名有丰富经验的医师对OCT图像进行细致分析,判读斑块性质。结果两位医师的图像分析结果一致性高。经过统计学分析,糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者相比,血管斑块中钙化斑块及脂质斑块糖尿病患者检出率更高(P<0.05),且糖尿病组血管脂质斑块纤维帽更薄[(110±60)μm vs.(160±130)μm,P=0.002]。结论糖尿病较非糖尿病患者的冠脉血管更容易形成钙化及脂质斑块,提示动脉硬化病变进展较快,而且脂壁相对较薄,在炎症因子等危险因素的作用下,更易进展为易损斑块,进而诱发心血管事件。     

光学相干断层成像与血管内超声对比检测冠状动脉斑块破裂和血栓形成

目的评价光学相干断层成像(OCT)和血管内超声(IVUS)检测冠状动脉斑块破裂和继发血栓形成的准确性。方法选择2008年2—9月间的27例患者,进行冠状动脉造影、OCT及IVUS检查,共检查了30处病变,其中8处为药物支架植入后病变,其余22处为未经介入治疗干预的病变,对其中19处病变进行了支架植入术。结果对22例未经介入治疗干预的病变行OCT及IVUS检查,结果显示OCT检出富含脂质斑块伴薄纤维帽12例,IVUS检出2例;其中斑块破裂形成内膜轻微撕裂4例,IVUS未检出;斑块破裂伴夹层形成5例,IVUS检出1例;OCT检出血栓形成5例,其中红色血栓3例,白色血栓2例,IVUS检出1例,不能判断是红色血栓还是白色血栓。结论OCT在检测不稳定斑块方面优于IVUS,在检测斑块破裂致轻微内膜撕裂或夹层形成,以及继发血栓形成方面呈现优于IVUS趋势。     

光学相干断层扫描血管造影测量更年期女性干眼患者的临床效果

目的探讨光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)技术测量更年期女性干眼症患者角膜上皮各分区厚度的效果。方法更年期女性干眼症患者和正常女性各12例应用OCTA采用分频辐去相关血管造影(SSADA)算法对角膜情况进行成像。获得每只眼睛所需图像后,按照17分区和25分区所得数据进行统计测量和平均分析,测量其角膜上皮和角膜全层厚度。结果干眼组角膜全层厚度最大值为(689.78±58.94)μm,最小值(557.43±44.64)μm;正常组角膜全层厚度最大值为(655.67±59.16)μm,最小值(530.48±39.32)μm。干眼组角膜上皮厚度最大值为(65.21±6.11)μm,最小值为(56.45±4.66)μm;正常组角膜上皮厚度最大值为(59.87±3.85)μm,最小值为(52.12±5.92)μm。17分区和25分区图像中,干眼组在全部分区角膜上皮厚度均显著高于正常组(P<0.05);干眼组在上侧(S)、鼻下侧(IN)、下侧(I)、颞下侧(IT)、颞侧(T)、颞上侧(ST)6个区域的内、中、外环角膜总厚度均显著厚于正常组(P<0.05)。结论利用OCTA可以对更年期女性干眼症患者各区域角膜上皮厚度进行测量。     

光学相干断层成像对急性冠状动脉综合征患者易损斑块的新认识

血管斑块的稳定性是影响急性冠状动脉综合征发生发展的主要因素,具有超高空间分辨率的光学相干断层成像(OCT)技术在易损斑块识别方面有着独特的优势。本文就近年来OCT在急性冠状动脉综合征患者易损斑块识别方面的临床新进展进行综述。     

Comparison of the histopathology of culprit lesions in chronic stable angina,unstable angina,and myocardial infarction

Background: The etiology of unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) both involve rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery. It has been suggested that the two syndromes differ because MI results if a red occlusive permanent thrombus occurs and UA occurs only if a nonocclusive platelet (white) thrombus occurs. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between coronary lesion pathology in MI and UA and compare them with lesions of chronic stable angina (CSA). Methods: We reviewed the pathologic specimens of culprit lesions obtained by directional coronary atherectomy in 27 patients with MI, 29 patients with UA, and 16 patients with CSA. Results: The incidence of ruptured plaque was high and identical in patients with MI (77.8%), and UA (75.8%), and significantly lower in patients with CSA (25.0%) (p « 0.001). Similarly, the incidence of red thrombus was the same in MI (92.6%) and UA (82.7%), and significantly less in CSA (p “0.001). Conclusions: The underlying pathophysiology of both UA and MI appears to be the same, with red thrombus playing an important role in both syndromes. The only difference is in the degree of occlusiveness of the red thrombus on the ruptured plaque and whether the occlusion is transient (UA) or persistent (MI). The balance between thrombosis and endogenous clot lysis determines which syndrome occurs. Lytic therapy is not effective in UA, probably because the clot is not occlusive or because endogenous lysis has already achieved the degree of coronary opening that eventuates from tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase administration. Prompt catheterization and revascularization may be as indicated in patients with MI if there remains viable myocardium as in patients with UA.     

Association of plasma trimethylamine N-Oxide level with healed culprit plaques examined by optical coherence tomography in patients with ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background and aimsHealed plaque is a hallmark of previous regional plaque rupture or erosion. We hypothesized that the plasma level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is related to healed culprit plaque in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.Methods and resultsA prospective cohort of 206 patients with STEMI, who were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) was enrolled in our study. After exclusion, 156 patients were categorized into healed plaque (n = 54) and nonhealed plaque (n = 102) groups. Plasma TMAO levels were detected by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in these two groups. Increased age and low BMI were more common in patients with healed plaques than in those without healed plaques. Through OCT observation, plaque rupture (81.5% vs. 45.1%, p < 0.001), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) and macrophages (42.6% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.004, 70.4% vs. 26.5%, p < 0.001, respectively) were more frequently seen in patients with healed plaques than in those without healed plaques. The TMAO level in patients with healed plaques was significantly higher than that in patients with nonhealed plaques (3.9 μM [2.6–5.1] vs. 1.8 μM [1.0–2.7], p < 0.001). Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that TMAO can be used as a potential biomarker to predict healed plaque presence with a cutoff value of 2.9 μM (AUC = 0.810, sensitivity: 72.2%, specificity: 81.4%).ConclusionsHealed plaque in STEMI patients is associated with a high level of plaque vulnerability and inflammation. A high level of plasma TMAO can be a useful biomarker to differentiate STEMI patients with healed culprit plaques.     

Utility of optical coherence tomography in acute coronary syndromes

Studies utilizing intravascular imaging have replicated the findings of histopathological studies, identifying the most common substrates for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) as plaque rupture, erosion, and calcified nodule, with spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary artery spasm, and coronary embolism constituting the less common etiologies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data from clinical studies that have used high-resolution intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess culprit plaque morphology in ACS. In addition, we discuss the utility of intravascular OCT for effective treatment of patients presenting with ACS, including the possibility of culprit lesion-based treatment by percutaneous coronary intervention.