53例腕管综合征神经电生理诊断分析

目的:分析腕管综合征(CTS)的神经电生理特点。方法:对CTS患者53例进行神经电生理检测,分析其特点。结果:正中神经远端运动潜伏期延长44例,正中神经运动传导未引出电位7例,正中神经传导正常2例;正中神经SCV测定消失17例,正中神经感觉潜伏期延长、波幅降低26例,SCV减慢10例。拇短展肌可见正峰及纤颤自发电位18例。结论:神经电生理检查在CTS的诊断中有重要意义。     

神经电生理检测对腕管综合征临床诊断的意义

目的探讨神经电生理检测对诊断腕管综合征(CTS)的临床意义。方法对42例(74侧)CTS患者正中神经的神经电位、传导速度测定,拇短展肌、小指展肌肌电图(EMG)检查,并与30例(60侧)正常者对比分析。结果42例(74侧)CTS患者做神经电生理检测,正中神经感觉传导异常100%,其中感觉传导速度(SCV)减慢85.1%,感觉电位潜伏期(DSL)延长89.2%,感觉电位波幅(SNAP)降低24.3%,感觉动作电位未引出4侧;正中神经运动传导异常97.3%,其中运动传导速度(MCV)减慢5.4%,运动末端潜伏期(DML)延长83.8%,运动电位波幅(CMAP)降低20.3%,运动动作电位未引出3侧。CTS组患者正中神经SCV、DSL、SNAP、DML、CAMP与对照组比较,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。CTS组74块拇短展肌57块(77.0%)呈神经源性损害改变。结论神经电生理检测对早期诊断CTS、确定正中神经的损伤程度具有重要价值,是临床诊断CTS的重要手段。     

超声与神经电生理检查在肘管综合征诊断中的对比研究

目的比较高频超声与神经电生理检查在肘管综合征诊断中的应用价值。方法对100例经临床诊断为单侧肘管综合征的患者(患侧肢体为患侧组,健侧肢体为健侧组)行高频超声及神经电生理检查,高频超声测量两组肘部尺神经的最大横截面积(CSA),神经电生理检查测量肘上-肘下段运动传导速度(MNCV),并对患侧组肘部尺神经的最大CSA与MNCV行Pearson相关性分析。以手术结果为金标准,比较两种方法诊断肘管综合征的准确率。结果患侧组肘部尺神经最大CSA为(0.14±0.05)cm2,大于健侧组(0.06±0.01)cm2,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);患侧组肘上-肘下段MNCV为(28.53±9.52)m/s,低于健侧组(56.17±3.18)m/s,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。患侧组肘部尺神经最大CSA与MNCV呈负相关(r=-0.80,P0.01)。高频超声诊断肘管综合征的准确率为92%,神经电生理检查准确率为90%。结论高频超声与神经电生理检查对肘管综合征的诊断均有重要价值,两者联合应用将为肘管综合征的诊治提供更可靠的依据。     

高频超声在肘管综合征诊断中的应用

目的 探讨超声测量尺神经的横切面积(cross-sectional area,CSA)的大小在对照组与肘管综合征(cubital tunnel syndrome,CTS)组中有明显差异,且这个差异与临床体格检查及电生理检测结果有相关性,从而评价高频超声作为一种辅助检查手段诊断CTS的真实性.方法 对80例健康志愿者160只肘和经临床及电生理诊断为CTS的30例30只肘,进行超声检查,测量并比较两组尺神经的横切面积,病例组的CSA与电生理检测结果作相关性分析.结果 对照组尺神经的平均CSA为(6.9±1.4)mm2,CTS组为(18.6±6.2)mm2,两组间有明显的统计学差异(P<0.01);CTS组的CSA与运动传导速度(motor nerve conduction velocity,MNCV)的Pearson相关系数是-0.827.结论 高频超声是一种无创、安全、可重复的肘管内尺神经的成像技术,它可对CTS的诊断提供有价值的帮助.     

脑卒中患者周围神经与肌肉神经电生理特征分析

目的:通过神经传导及同心圆针肌电图检测探讨脑卒中患者周围神经、肌肉的神经电生理变化特征,为脑卒中后神经肌肉功能评估和预后判断提供依据。方法:对符合入选标准的41例脑卒中患者进行双侧正中、尺、桡、肌皮、腋、肩胛上、胫、腓神经运动传导及双正中、尺、桡、胫、腓神经感觉传导检测,双拇短展肌、伸指总肌、肱二头肌、三角肌、冈上肌、胫前肌、比目鱼肌行同心圆针肌电图检测。采用Brunnstrom分期评价肢体功能。分析健、患侧肢体神经及肌肉的神经电生理指标差异及其与肢体功能的相关性。结果:(1)运动神经传导:与健侧比较,偏瘫侧正中、尺、桡、腋、肩胛上、胫、腓神经复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)波幅均显著降低(P0.05),腓总神经末端潜伏期延长及腓骨小头-踝传导速度减慢(P0.05),其他各神经末端潜伏期均无明显差异;病程3—6个月患者正中、尺、桡神经运动传导异常率均高于其他病程组;(2)感觉神经传导:偏瘫侧桡、腓浅神经SNAP波幅较健侧降低,尺、桡神经传导速度较健侧减慢(P0.05),且有9例患者健侧正中神经感觉传导速度减慢;病程3—6个月患者正中神经和腓浅神经感觉传导异常率高于其他病程组;(3)同心圆针肌电图:不同病程均有一定比例脑卒中患者上下肢肌肉可见纤颤电位、正锐波等异常自发电位;肢体远端肌肉,如拇短展肌、伸指总肌在各个病程中出现自发电位的比例均较高;病程6个月以上者,三角肌的自发电位发生率增高,而比目鱼肌在各个病程的患者中自发电位的出现率均较高;无主动收缩功能肌肉自发电位出现率显著高于有主动收缩功能肌肉(P=0.000);(4)患者手Brunnstrom分期与尺神经偏瘫侧/健侧CMAP波幅比呈正相关(r=0.426,P0.05)。结论:脑卒中患者偏瘫侧运动神经轴索变性及脱髓鞘伴部分感觉神经脱髓鞘和轴索变性,且以病程3—6个月患者最为多见;同时手功能Brunnstrom分期与尺神经运动传导CMAP波幅具有相关性;偏瘫侧肢体肌肉失神经支配改变以肢体远端肌肉和无主动收缩功能肌肉为主。     

80例腕管综合征患者的神经电生理测定

目的：观察神经电生理检测对腕管综合征(CTS)的诊断敏感性。方法：80例临床提示为CTS或不能除外CTS的患者进行神经电生理测定并进行回顾性分析。结果：80例116侧正中神经复合肌肉动作电位末端运动潜伏期和波幅、肘至腕的运动传导速度、指至腕部的感觉传导速度及感觉神经动作电位波幅等5项指标检测异常率分别为75．0％、19．8％、9．5％、88．8％及37．9％；45例65侧拇指正中／桡浅神经潜伏期差(MRLD)及环指正中／尺神经潜伏期差(MULD)检测异常率95．4％。结论：正中神经拇指至腕段的感觉传导速度测定是诊断CTS的敏感指标，采用MRLD及MULD测定，诊断敏感性更高。     

肘管综合征的神经-肌电图检测

目的：探讨肘管综合征的临床及肌电图诊断方法。方法：为35例临床拟诊肘管综合征患者进行尺神经分段测定运动和感觉传导速度及尺神经支配肌肌电图。结果：35例35条尺神经，肘段减慢33条，未引出2条，其中运动传导速度前臂段减慢18例；感觉传导速度表现为指5－腕感觉神经动作电位波幅消失18例，腕－肘消失19例，感觉神经动作电位波幅比健侧不同程度衰减16例。肌电图表现为第I背侧骨间肌、小指展肌不同程度异常。结论：电生理检查不仅可证实诊断，还能较准确地定位卡压的水平，判断神经受损的严重性。结论：因此分段测定尺神经运动传导速度是诊断肘管综合征的重要方法。     

腕管综合征的电生理分析及与身体质量指数的相关性

目的:探讨88例腕管综合征(CTS)的电生理特点,明确电生理检查的诊断价值。方法:对88例门诊腕管综合征患者行一侧或双侧正中神经、尺神经的分段运动神经传导速度(MCV)和,Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅳ指刺激感觉神经传导速度(SCV)测定,以及拇短展肌针极肌电图检查;计算每一位患者身体质量指数(BMI)及正中神经与尺神经Ⅳ指刺激感觉神经动作电位(SNAP)波幅比值。结果:Ⅰ、Ⅳ指刺激正中神经SNAP潜伏期延长者的百分比分别为59.1%与65.9%;复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅降低者中拇短展肌肌电图异常者占87.2%;SNAP各参数正常者中有8例(72.7%)出现Ⅳ指刺激正中神经与尺神经波幅比值的异常,各异常参数患者BMI值无显著性差异。结论:神经电生理检查是诊断CTS的理想检测手段。     

短节段神经传导检测联合高频超声检查定位定性诊断肘管综合征

目的研究短节段神经传导检测及高频超声检查在肘管综合征定位定性诊断中的价值,为临床治疗提供有效的依据。方法对36例单侧肘管综合征患者术前均进行高频超声检查和神经电生理检查,对尺神经运动传导异常的患者进行短节段神经传导检测,分别确定卡压位点及卡压原因,并与手术结果进行对照,验证其诊断准确性。以同期健康志愿者18例(36个上肢)作为对照组,对比观察相关参数差异。结果神经电生理检查中运动神经传导速度及动作电位波幅肘上-肘下段两组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肘下-腕段两组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高频超声检查中病例组尺神经卡压位点处及肿胀处的长轴内径、横截面积(CSA)及CSA肿胀率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),诊断价值:CSA肿胀率>肿胀处CSA>卡压处CSA>肿胀处长轴内径>卡压处长轴内径。31例超声能明确卡压原因。短节段神经传导检测和高频超声检查对尺神经卡压位点的诊断准确率分别为88.9%(32/36)、86.1%(31/36)。结论神经电生理检查和高频超声检查均可对肘管综合征进行诊断,对于早期病变电生理检查更敏感,对于形态学发生改变的尺神经高频超声检查更加直观,短节段神经传导检测和高频超声检查均可对肘管综合征卡压位点进行定位,高频超声能检出卡压原因,可协助临床医师有针对性地选择治疗方案。     

外伤性肘外翻畸形合并肘管综合征14例肌电图与临床分析

目的:分析外伤性肘外翻畸形合并肘管综合征的临床与肌电图特点,探讨肌电图对其诊断的指导意义.方法:对14例临床考虑为肘部陈旧性骨折形成肘外翻畸形合并肘管综合征患者进行神经传导速度及肌电图检查.结果:患侧尺神经腕-肘段运动传导速度减慢7例,肘下5 cm～肘上5 cm段运动传导速度减慢11例.复合肌肉动作电位远端潜伏期延长8例,波幅降低10例.尺神经感觉传导速度减慢10例及伴波幅降低8例,14例腕-肘段感觉电位波幅降低;12例微移电位测定阳性;10块小指展肌、12块第一骨间肌及尺侧屈腕肌5块均有神经源性损害.结论:肌电图检查可证实外伤性肘外翻畸形合并肘管综合征存在,且能明确神经受压部位、程度,为临床诊断与鉴别及治疗方案采用提供可靠依据.     

正中神经压迫试验对腕管综合征神经传导速度的影响

目的比较正中神经压迫试验对腕管综合征（carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS）患者正中神经传导速度的影响。方法设置CTS组和对照组两个组别,共29例受试者纳入研究。CTS组为14例CTS患者,对照组为15例健康受试者。神经传导速度测定包括正中神经和尺神经的感觉传导末端潜伏期（distal sensory latency,DSL）、感觉神经动作电位（sensory nerve action potential,SNAP）、跨腕关节感觉传导速度（sensory conduction velocity,SCV）、运动传导末端潜伏期（distal motor latency,DML）及复合肌肉动作电位（compound muscle action potential,CMAP）。先测感觉传导,再测运动传导。正中神经压迫试验5min后再次测量上述指标。结果正中神经压迫试验前后电生理检查考虑诊断CTS分别为22侧和24侧。压迫正中神经后,CTS组正中神经DSL较压迫前显著延长（P〈0.05）。CTS组尺神经和对照组正中神经及尺神经的各参数在压迫前后均无显著改变（P〉0.05）。与对照组相比,在压迫试验前后CTS组的正中神经DSL和DML均明显延长（P〈0.05）,尺神经DSL和DML均无显著改变（P〉0.05）。结论正中神经压迫试验5min能使CTS患者正中神经的感觉传导末端潜伏时明显延长,有助于提高神经传导测定对早期CTS的诊断率。     

Effect of Hand Warming on Electrodiagnostic Testing Results and Diagnosis in Patients With Suspected Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Burnham RS, Burnham TR. Effect of hand warming on electrodiagnostic testing results and diagnosis in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome.

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of hand warming on electrodiagnostic (EDX) parameters of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Specifically, to evaluate the type and magnitude of change in EDX values; to determine whether warming can change the EDX diagnosis of CTS and, if so, to determine whether specific EDX tests are more vulnerable to the effects of warming.

Design

Interventional before-after trial.

Setting

Community EDX laboratory.

Participants

Consecutive patients (N=33) referred for EDX evaluation of suspected CTS.

Intervention

Each upper limb was tested at room temperature (average hand temperature, 31.9°C) and retested after 20 minutes of heating pad warming (average hand temperature, 33.5°C).

Main Outcome Measures

Median and ulnar nerve motor and sensory latency, conduction velocity, and amplitude.

Results

Warming resulted in significantly faster transcarpal tunnel sensory and motor conduction (6%–10%), reduced median: ulnar sensory latency to digit 4 difference (23%), and reduced sensory nerve and compound motor action potential amplitude (10% and 13%, respectively). The changes resulted in 15% fewer limbs meeting the EDX conduction velocity criteria of CTS and 9% fewer by median: ulnar sensory latency to digit 4 difference. Waveform amplitudes became abnormally low after warming in 12% of limbs.

Conclusions

Hand warming using a heating pad for 20 minutes increases median nerve transcarpal tunnel conduction velocity and reduces amplitude. These phenomena introduce potential sources of diagnostic error, particularly in borderline cases. Generally, within hand, between nerve, and within nerve comparison techniques are less susceptible to the conduction velocity effects of warming.     

Asymptomatic ulnar neuropathy in carpal tunnel syndrome

Quantitative assessment of the vibration threshold of the second and fifth fingertips at 125Hz was performed on 28 affected limbs of 17 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) together with a median and ulnar sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) study. Twenty-six limbs of 26 age-matched healthy subjects were used as controls. Both the vibration threshold elevation of the second finger and the delay of median SNCV were significant in CTS patients as compared with controls (p less than .001). Although the ulnar SNCVs of all affected limbs were within the normal range, ten affected limbs (36%) were found to have a concomitant vibration threshold elevation of the fifth finger, and eight of those limbs were found to be exposed to chronic occupational mechanical stimulation at the wrist. These findings appear to support the presence of subclinical traumatic damage to the ulnar nerve at the wrist. In summary, digital vibration measurement can elucidate subclinical ulnar neuropathy in CTS which cannot be detected by SNCV studies.     

An electrodiagnostic study in chronic alcoholic subjects

Electrodiagnostic tests were performed on 16 alcoholic subjects and 15 age-matched controls. The tests were done to determine whether nerve conduction parameters differentiate between healthy and alcoholic subjects, and if so, which of these are most useful. Significant differences between alcoholic subjects and controls were found in the following variables: median nerve motor velocity; median nerve sensory latency, amplitude and velocity; ulnar nerve motor amplitude and velocity; ulnar nerve sensory amplitude, latency and velocity; sural nerve sensory amplitude and velocity; and peroneal motor amplitude and velocity. The combination of ulnar and sural sensory conduction velocity tests identified 85% of the chronic alcoholic subjects by stepwise discriminant analysis. Tibial nerve H-reflex latencies were either absent or prolonged in 63% of the subjects. Bilateral facial nerve amplitudes and latencies were normal. The ulnar sensory amplitude and ulnar sensory velocity inversely correlated with the duration of excessive alcohol drinking.     

正常人周围神经传导速度40例分析

目的:研究健康成人周围神经运动传导速度(motor-nerveconductionve-locity,MCV)和感觉传导速度(sensory-nerveconductionvelocity,SCV)的正常值,为诊断周围神经疾病提供依据。方法:健康志愿者40例,年龄22～53岁,男女各20例。分别检测双侧正中神经、尺神经、胫神经及腓神经MCV和双侧正中神经、尺神经及胫神经SCV。分析指标包括潜伏期、波幅及神经传导速度(nerveconductionvelocity,NCV)。结果:NCV在正常人男女之间、左右侧肢体之间的差异在统计学上无显著性意义(P>0.05),并且随着年龄的增加而逐渐减慢。结论:NCV检测是周围神经病的重要诊断技术之一,而正常值的确定是临床诊断的前提。不同年龄组应采用各自的正常值。     

F波检测诊断在运动神经元疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨F波反应频率检测在运动神经元病（MND）中的诊断价值。方法对38例MND患者及19例健康者进行F波反应频率、相同和不同形状F波反应频经、F波潜伏期、运动神经传导速度（MCV）和感觉神经传导速度（SCV）检测并作比较分析。结果病例组总F波反应频率正中神经和尺神经分别为15.1％和27.8％，明显低于对照组（U=89.86和58．91，P=0.00）；病例组正中神经和尺神经相同形状F波出现率分别为65.7％和72．8％，明显高于对照组（U=47.29和70．47，P=0．00）；病例组正中神经及尺神经F波潜伏期较对照组明显延长（t=3.70和4．91，P=0.00）；正中神经和尺神经MCV均明显减退（t=4．98和2．45，P=0．00和0．01），而SCV两组间差异无统计学意义（t=0．96和0．50，P=0．17和0．31）。结论F波反应频率检测以MND的诊断和损伤程度判断可提供客观的电生理学依据。     

Correlation studies of velocity, amplitude, and duration in median nerves

Nerve conduction velocity is the parameter most often attended to when performing nerve conduction studies, but amplitude and duration of the nerve potentials should also provide important information about the status of the nerve examined. This study compared the results of amplitude and duration measurement to nerve conduction velocity to determine whether or not the various parameters correlated. Using standard techniques, median nerve motor and sensory conduction studies were performed on 390 unselected patients. The results were analyzed and correlation statistics calculated between the parameters of velocity, duration, and amplitude. Amplitude and duration of evoked potential correlated relatively poorly with conduction velocity (r2 = 0.26). Sensory and motor fibers were often affected differently in cases with probable carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Proximal motor conduction velocity correlated best with distal evoked potential amplitude (r2 = 0.27) in the CTS cases. The use of residual latency appeared to add little helpful diagnostic information. It was concluded that different parameters measure different physiologic processes that are to a considerable degree independent of each other.     

Sensory palmar stimulation in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

The measurement of motor and sensory latencies of the median and ulnar nerves using conventional techniques in able-bodied subjects and patients with a history compatible with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is described. The results obtained by conventional techniques are compared with measurement of median nerve sensory latency obtained by palmar stimulation and the difference of median-ulnar nerve distal sensory latencies. It is concluded that the use of measurement of median palmar sensory latency under the flexor retinaculum adds to the sensitivity of the nerve conduction studies in the diagnosis of CTS. It is suggested that, in patients with suspected CTS in whom conventional nerve conduction studies are normal, other techniques such as the measurement of palmar sensory latency, difference between median and ulnar nerve distal sensory latency and examination of all the digits should be carried out.