室间隔缺损封堵术对三尖瓣反流的影响

目的:探讨室间隔缺损封堵术后三尖瓣反流的变化.方法:入选2007-01-2009-12期间行室间隔缺损封堵术115例患者(合并膜部瘤69例,单纯膜部缺损41例,嵴下型3例,隔瓣下型2例),根据术前三尖瓣反流的程度及其是否伴有肺动脉高压,进行术前和术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的三尖瓣反流的比较.结果:术前三尖瓣反流轻度[＜20%,(7.91±5.88)%]者,术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的平均反流面积分别为(6.06±5.42)、(5.39±5.15)、(5.24±3.84)、( 5.33±3.37)%;术前三尖瓣反流中度[＞20%,(34.10±13.25)%]者,术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的平均反流面积分别为(17.52±8.94)、(16.56±8.68)、(13.12±6.44)、(12.37±5.12)%;术后平均三尖瓣反流面积随着时间的延长均有不同程度的减轻.患者是否伴有肺动脉高压对三尖瓣反流无影响.结论:室间隔缺损封堵术后三尖瓣反流明显减轻.     

经导管封堵治疗成人房间隔缺损合并功能性三尖瓣返流

目的 探讨经导管封堵成人房间隔缺损（atrial septal defect, ASD）后能否改善其合并的功能性三尖瓣返流（tricuspid regurgitation, TR）。方法 连续纳入自2019年1月1日～2020年12月31日在空军军医大学西京医院心血管内科经导管封堵的ASD合并功能性TR患者,根据术前超声心动图评估TR严重程度并进行分级,术后6个月进行超声心动图随访,评估功能性TR的改善程度。结果 与合并轻度TR组相比,合并中/重度TR组患者年龄较大（P<0.01）,ASD直径较大,RV直径较大（均P<0.05）,与合并中度TR组相比,合并重度TR组患者年龄较大（P<0.01）,RV直径较大（P<0.05）。封堵前,11例患者合并重度TR,18例患者合并中度TR, 71例患者合并轻度TR;封堵术后6个月,10例患者（91%）由重度TR降至轻度,12例患者（67%）由中度TR降至轻度。所有患者中无轻度TR患者的返流量增加至中度或重度。单变量分析显示,持续性TR与肺动脉直径、右房直径、右室直径、左房直径、左室直径及ASD大小相关。经过多变量分析,以上...     

合并三尖瓣反流的膜周型室间隔缺损经皮介入手术可行性分析

目的:研究介入封堵术对重度三尖瓣反流的室间隔缺损的治疗效果。方法: 选取重度三尖瓣反流的室间隔缺损患者16例,三尖瓣返流的原因为右室局部心腔压力增高所致的高压血流直接冲击三尖瓣及其腱索而导致三尖瓣反流,其中行导管介入封堵6例,外科修补手术10例。比较两组患者术后三尖瓣返流程度(三尖瓣返流长度、三尖瓣返流面积、三尖瓣返流容积、三尖瓣返流速度、三尖瓣返流压差)、手术成功率、并发症发生率、术后住院时间、住院总费用、手术时间、正性肌力药物评分、术后第24h白细胞计数、CRP、心肌损伤标志物(cTNI、CK-MB、MYO)。结果: 术后三尖瓣返流量较术前显著减少。两组手术方式后的三尖瓣返流程度无统计学差异。导管介入组在手术时间、术后血管活性药物、术后第24h白细胞计数、CRP、心肌损伤标记物方面均优于外科手术组。在手术费用方面外科手术组与导管介入组、手术住院天数、并发症发生率两者无区别。结论：术前经过认真的超声评估,部分室间隔缺损合并三尖瓣重度返流的患者行介入治疗优于外科手术。     

功能性三尖瓣反流的手术治疗

功能性三尖瓣反流（FTR）主要原因是左心瓣膜病变引起的肺动脉高压和右心室扩大,三尖瓣环扩张,腱索牵拉瓣叶的力学方向发生改变,导致了三尖瓣瓣膜的正常对合点发生错位,三尖瓣叶本身及瓣下结构无器质性改变.FTR在临床上很常见,文献报告在晚期风湿性心脏病患者中约10～60%合并不同程度的FTR.现将FTR的手术治疗作一简要综述.     

房间隔缺损介入封堵术85例

我院对2 0 0 1年3月～2 0 0 3年3月收治的85例房间隔缺损(ASD)患者进行介入封堵术,均一次封堵成功,成功率1 0 0 % ,现报告如下。1　对象与方法1 .1 　对象85例中,男38例,女47例;年龄1 .2～62 (平均2 4 .4)岁;体重8～76(平均48.2 )kg。超声心动图提示为Ⅱ孔型ASD ,直径5～34(平均2 1 .4)mm。70例心电图提示为不完全性右束支传导阻滞,心脏后前位片示心胸比例0 .5 6～0 .73。均采用AmplatzerASD双面伞封堵器,大小8～40mm。术前心功能Ⅲ级以上者占61 %。1 .2 　方法85例中,2 3例儿童采用基础麻醉,其余62例均采用局部麻醉。穿刺右侧股静脉,置…     

膜周型室间隔缺损并发中、重度三尖瓣反流时行介入封堵的可行性分析

目的研究膜周型室间隔缺损并发中、重度三尖瓣反流时行介入封堵的治疗效果。方法入选膜周型室间隔缺损并发中、重度三尖瓣反流的患者43例(三尖瓣反流的原因均为右心室局部心腔压力增高所致),其中行导管介入封堵术组21例,外科修补手术组22例。术后三尖瓣反流程度(三尖瓣反流长度、三尖瓣反流面积、三尖瓣反流容积、三尖瓣反流速度、三尖瓣反流压差)、手术成功率、并发症发生率(严重并发症包括:心脏压塞、较大残余分流、开胸止血、恶性心律失常、封堵器移位、瓣膜损伤;次要并发症包括:一过性心律失常、切口愈合欠佳、心包积液、胸腔积液,心包切开综合征,无需处理的微量残余分流等)、术后住院时间(d)、住院总费用(万元)、手术时间(min)、正性肌力药物评分、术后第24小时白细胞计数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌损伤标志物[血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(Myo)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)]。随访时间为术后3～12个月,平均10个月。结果 (1)43例并发中、重度三尖瓣反流的膜周型室间隔缺损治疗均一次成功,无死亡病例。术后三尖瓣反流量较术前显著减少,部分病例反流即刻消失。两组中,每组手术术前与术后三尖瓣反流程度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间术前与术后三尖瓣反流差值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。介入封堵组在手术时间、术后血管活性药物、术后第24小时白细胞计数、CRP、心肌损伤标记物方面均优于外科修补手术组。在手术费用方面外科修补手术组略低于介入封堵组,但差异无统计学意义。手术住院天数两者差异无统计学意义。(2)外科修补手术组手术成功率100%,无严重并发症出现,次要并发症1例,为微量残余分流,无需处理。介入封堵组手术成功率100%,次要并发症1例,为主动脉瓣轻微反流,无需特别处理。(3)术后随访3～12个月,存活率为100%,均无并发症出现。结论术前经过认真的超声心动图评估,部分室间隔缺损并发三尖瓣中、重度反流的患者行介入治疗优于外科手术。     

超声心动图在观察老年患者经导管房间隔缺损封堵术前后心脏形态学变化中的作用

房间隔缺损( ASD)约占先天性心脏病发病总数的16.2% ～ 22.0%[1],随着增龄,ASD患者伴随的症状和体征也越来越多.老年ASD患者因肺动脉高压、心力衰竭,生存机会降低.随着介入技术的不断发展,近年来经皮导管介入治疗继发孔型ASD技术[2]已逐渐成熟,并成为首选治疗方法.本文拟探讨经胸壁超声心动图( TTE)在观察老年患者经导管继发孔型ASD封堵术前后心脏形态学变化中的作用.     

三尖瓣环成形治疗功能性三尖瓣反流245例总结

目的:对比DeVegar成形术与使用成形环三尖瓣环成形方法在治疗中、重度功能性三尖瓣反流中的有效性.方法:自2003-01至2006-01,对245例中度至重度功能性三尖瓣反流的患者施行了三尖瓣环成形手术.其中,115例施行了De-Vegar成形术(DeVegar成形组),130例使用了三尖瓣成形环(成形环组).成形环组选用的成形环包括:Sovering成形环(n=37)、Carpentier-Edwards Classic成形环(n=41)及Edwards MC3成形环(n=52).结果:245例患者围手术期共死亡8名,死亡率3.3%.随访期末,DeVegar成形组与成形环组的左心室射血分数、肺动脉收缩压差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).DeVegar成形组中度以上三尖瓣反流为21.3%(23/108);成形环组中度以上三尖瓣反流为12.7%(15/118),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:在功能性三尖瓣反流治疗中,使用三尖瓣成形环进行三尖瓣成形具有更良好的中期疗效.     

成年特殊房间隔缺损患者的介入封堵治疗

目的观察成年巨大继发孔型房间隔缺损患者进行介入封堵治疗的疗效和安全性。方法对43例成年继发孔型房间隔缺损患昔在经食管超声指导下进行手术,封堵前后检测肺动脉压、右室压,术前、术后72小时、术后1～3个月行心电图和超声心动图检查。结果成功封堵38例,手术后即刻成功率为88．4％。封堵前、后平均肺动脉压、平均右事压降低（P〈0．05）;术后72小时内出现封堵器脱落1例（2．6％）、术后心包积液1例（2．6％）、心律失常5例（13．2％）、急性心功能不全3例（7．9％）,术后即刻残余分流6例（15．8％）。术后l～3个月随访经胸超声心动图检查显示均完全闭合。术后1个月随访发现右室容积缩小、射血分数升高。患者随访1～3个月,均未发现有残余分流、脱落、栓塞。结论成年巨大继发孔型房问隔缺损患者行介入封堵治疗相对安伞、有效,体表超声心动图或经食管超声心动图的术中监测对提高手术成功率有指导意义。     

成人房间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压的缺损闭合治疗

随着成人先天性心脏病临床处理指南的更新,成人房间隔缺损合(ASD)合并肺动脉高压(P H)的缺损闭合治疗策略有了新进展.该文简述成人ASD合并P H的临床分类及特点,重点介绍ASD合并P H的缺损闭合策略,包括常规缺损闭合、"药物到缺损闭合"策略以及带孔封堵器封堵术等.     

膜周部室间隔缺损合并三尖瓣反流的机制探讨

目的通过术前、术后超声心动图和彩色多普勒检查及手术所见,评价及明确膜周部室间隔缺损合并三尖瓣反流的机制.方法通过13例膜周部室间隔缺损合并三尖瓣反流的临床资料,经胸超声心动图术前诊断及术后复查,结合术中所见,观察膜周部室间隔缺损和三尖瓣反流的关系.结果所有病例均为中等膜周部室间隔缺损,中等量的左向右分流,心室收缩期,二维超声心动图可见典型的三尖瓣前向运动及三尖瓣呈开放状态.彩色多普勒血流显象,大多数病例表现为经室缺的部分穿隔血流被隔瓣阻挡,但主要血流经三尖瓣隔瓣下缘穿过,冲击到三尖瓣的前瓣,导致三尖瓣反流.室缺修补后,三尖瓣反流消失.结论膜周室缺的穿隔血流可导致膜周室缺合并三尖瓣反流.二维超声心动图及彩色多普勒血流显象发现该现象,这是外科手术修补室缺的良好指征.     

Unusual mechanism of tricuspid regurgitation in ventricular septal defect

A 37-year-old woman was diagnosed to have a small ventricular septal defect (VSD) with high velocity tricuspid regurgitation (TR) that was attributed to atrio-VSD (Gerbode). Cardiac MR revealed a small subaortic VSD in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum. The atrioventricular portion was intact. Cardiac MR clearly showed flow jet through the VSD, impinging on the anterior tricuspid leaflet during systole, and bouncing back into the right atrium as TR. This ricochet mechanism of TR in VSD may be misinterpreted as Gerbode defect or as evidence of pulmonary hypertension.     

Percutaneous ventricular septal defect closure with amplatzer devices resulting in severe tricuspid regurgitation

While percutaneous intervention is an alternative for patients who are not surgical candidates, the rate of morbidity and mortality is comparable to open repair. Appending the reported complications associated with percutaneous intervention (device mal‐positioning, dislodgement, and entrapment in the sub‐valvular apparatus), we report mechanical damage to the tricuspid valve (TV). Percutaneous closure with an Amplatzer septal occluder device was attempted on three patients who developed a ventricular septal defects (VSD) after myocardial infarction. In all three cases, damage to the tricuspid leaflet was noted post‐procedure. The accompanying severe tricuspid regurgitation led to right ventricular failure, even in the patients where the VSD was considered successfully occluded. Despite successful deployment of the Amplatzer device, complications with catheter manipulation may still arise. Damage to the TV can occur during percutaneous VSD closure with Amplatzer device. Periprocedure TEE monitoring can detect damage to the tricuspid leaflets. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Clinical and echocardiographic assessment of a right-to-left shunt across an atrial septal defect secondary to tricuspid regurgitation

OBJECTIVE: Cyanosis in conjunction with atrial septal defect does not necessarily indicate the Eisenmenger syndrome. Exceptionally, the right-to-left shunt may result from tricuspid regurgitant flow and its unusual direction. METHODS: We describe thirteen patients with atrial septal defect and accompanying tricuspid regurgitation. In all of them, the tricuspid regurgitant jet was oriented towards the interatrial septum. This was found on the basis of echocardiographic examination and subsequent frame-by-frame analysis of videotape. RESULTS: Of thirteen patients, cyanosis was observed in 7 (53%). Among those seven, three had moderate pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) between 40 and 60 mm Hg). The remaining four patients with marked pulmonary hypertension (PASP > 60 mm Hg) underwent cardiac catheterization, which demonstrated low values of pulmonary artery resistance. Except for the one patient with a history of the cerebral embolic event, all were qualified for cardiac surgery. In the postoperative observation they were uneventful and showed clinical recovery and echocardiographic improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Appreciable arterial desaturation and cyanosis in patients with ASD, regarded as uncomplicated, should be followed by careful investigation for the direction of tricuspid regurgitant flow.     

Severe heart failure in child with ventricular septal defect and acute tricuspid regurgitation.

A case is reported in which acute tricuspid regurgitation developed in a child with a ventricular septal defect resulting in a left ventricular-right atrial shunt. This was successfully treated by closure of the defect and tricuspid valve replacement. The anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve was almost completely destroyed by endocarditis, though in previous reports of tricuspid valve endocarditis in association with ventricular septal defect in children, it has beem invariably the septal leaflet which is damaged.     

Congenital tricuspid valve stenosis with atrial septal defect and left anterior fascicular block

Congenital tricuspid valve stenosis in the absence of other valvular abnormalities is rare. In this report we describe a patient with congenital tricuspid valve stenosis, ostium secundum atrial septal defect, and electrocardiographic left anterior fascicular block, who presented with paradoxical emboli. This case, as well as previous case reports, suggests that congenital tricuspid stenosis with ostium secundum atrial septal defect is associated with left anterior fascicular block.     

Atrioventricular septal defect with coexisting tricuspid atresia

We describe two infants having an atrioventricular septal defect in the setting of a double inlet atrioventricular connection, but with patency of the left-sided valvar orifice and an imperforate right-sided valvar component, and a further case with atrioventricular septal defect and an imperforate Ebstein's malformation, all producing the haemodynamic effect of tricuspid atresia. We make comparisons with the arrangement in trisomy 16 mice, in whom deficient atrioventricular septation is seen at times with the common atrioventricular junction exclusively connected to the left ventricle, a situation similar to that seen in two of our infants. We also review previous reports emphasising the important theoretical implication of the findings despite their rarity.